Jane Tiller, Kristen Nowak, Tiffany Boughtwood, Margaret Otlowski
Genetic risk information has relevance for patients' blood relatives. However, cascade testing uptake in at-risk families is <50%. International research supports direct notification of at-risk relatives by health professionals (HPs), with patient consent. However, HPs express concerns about the privacy implications of this practice. Our privacy analysis, grounded in a clinically relevant hypothetical scenario, considers the types of personal information involved in direct notification of at-risk relatives and the application of Australian privacy regulations. It finds that collecting relatives' contact details, and using those details (with patient consent) to notify relatives of possible genetic risk, does not breach Australian privacy law, providing that HPs adhere to regulatory requirements. It finds the purported "right to know" does not prevent disclosure of genetic information to at-risk relatives. Finally, the analysis confirms that the discretion available to HPs does not equate to a positive duty to warn at-risk relatives. Thus, direct notification of a patient's at-risk relatives regarding medically actionable genetic information, with patient consent, is not a breach of Australian privacy regulations, providing it is conducted in accordance with the applicable principles set out. Clinical services should consider offering this service to patients where appropriate. National guidelines would assist with the clarification of the discretion for HPs.
遗传风险信息与患者血亲有相关性。然而,在高危家庭中,级联测试的吸收是
{"title":"Privacy Implications of Contacting the At-Risk Relatives of Patients with Medically Actionable Genetic Predisposition, with Patient Consent: A Hypothetical Australian Case Study.","authors":"Jane Tiller, Kristen Nowak, Tiffany Boughtwood, Margaret Otlowski","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic risk information has relevance for patients' blood relatives. However, cascade testing uptake in at-risk families is <50%. International research supports direct notification of at-risk relatives by health professionals (HPs), with patient consent. However, HPs express concerns about the privacy implications of this practice. Our privacy analysis, grounded in a clinically relevant hypothetical scenario, considers the types of personal information involved in direct notification of at-risk relatives and the application of Australian privacy regulations. It finds that collecting relatives' contact details, and using those details (with patient consent) to notify relatives of possible genetic risk, does not breach Australian privacy law, providing that HPs adhere to regulatory requirements. It finds the purported \"right to know\" does not prevent disclosure of genetic information to at-risk relatives. Finally, the analysis confirms that the discretion available to HPs does not equate to a positive duty to warn at-risk relatives. Thus, direct notification of a patient's at-risk relatives regarding medically actionable genetic information, with patient consent, is not a breach of Australian privacy regulations, providing it is conducted in accordance with the applicable principles set out. Clinical services should consider offering this service to patients where appropriate. National guidelines would assist with the clarification of the discretion for HPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10077046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to protect bacteria from bactericidal antibiotics has previously been described. The main source of H2S is the desulfurization of cysteine, which is either synthesized by cells from sulfate or transported from the medium, depending on its composition. Applying electrochemical sensors and a complex of biochemical and microbiological methods, changes in growth, respiration, membrane potential, SOS response, H2S production and bacterial survival under the action of bactericidal ciprofloxacin and bacteriostatic chloramphenicol in commonly used media were studied. Chloramphenicol caused a sharp inhibition of metabolism in all studied media. The physiological response of bacteria to ciprofloxacin strongly depended on its dose. In rich LB medium, cells retained metabolic activity at higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin than in minimal M9 medium. This decreased number of surviving cells (CFU) by 2-3 orders of magnitude in LB compared to M9 medium, and shifted optimal bactericidal concentration (OBC) from 0.3 µg/mL in M9 to 3 µg/mL in LB. Both drugs induced transient production of H2S in M9 medium. In media containing cystine, H2S was produced independently of antibiotics. Thus, medium composition significantly modifies physiological response of E. coli to bactericidal antibiotic, which should be taken into account when interpreting data and developing drugs.
{"title":"Influence of Growth Medium Composition on Physiological Responses of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to the Action of Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacin.","authors":"Galina Smirnova, Aleksey Tyulenev, Nadezda Muzyka, Vadim Ushakov, Zoya Samoilova, Oleg Oktyabrsky","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) to protect bacteria from bactericidal antibiotics has previously been described. The main source of H<sub>2</sub>S is the desulfurization of cysteine, which is either synthesized by cells from sulfate or transported from the medium, depending on its composition. Applying electrochemical sensors and a complex of biochemical and microbiological methods, changes in growth, respiration, membrane potential, SOS response, H<sub>2</sub>S production and bacterial survival under the action of bactericidal ciprofloxacin and bacteriostatic chloramphenicol in commonly used media were studied. Chloramphenicol caused a sharp inhibition of metabolism in all studied media. The physiological response of bacteria to ciprofloxacin strongly depended on its dose. In rich LB medium, cells retained metabolic activity at higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin than in minimal M9 medium. This decreased number of surviving cells (CFU) by 2-3 orders of magnitude in LB compared to M9 medium, and shifted optimal bactericidal concentration (OBC) from 0.3 µg/mL in M9 to 3 µg/mL in LB. Both drugs induced transient production of H<sub>2</sub>S in M9 medium. In media containing cystine, H<sub>2</sub>S was produced independently of antibiotics. Thus, medium composition significantly modifies physiological response of <i>E. coli</i> to bactericidal antibiotic, which should be taken into account when interpreting data and developing drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10077042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand for data storage is growing at an unprecedented rate, and current methods are not sufficient to accommodate such rapid growth due to their cost, space requirements, and energy consumption. Therefore, there is a need for a new, long-lasting data storage medium with high capacity, high data density, and high durability against extreme conditions. DNA is one of the most promising next-generation data carriers, with a storage density of 10¹⁹ bits of data per cubic centimeter, and its three-dimensional structure makes it about eight orders of magnitude denser than other storage media. DNA amplification during PCR or replication during cell proliferation enables the quick and inexpensive copying of vast amounts of data. In addition, DNA can possibly endure millions of years if stored in optimal conditions and dehydrated, making it useful for data storage. Numerous space experiments on microorganisms have also proven their extraordinary durability in extreme conditions, which suggests that DNA could be a durable storage medium for data. Despite some remaining challenges, such as the need to refine methods for the fast and error-free synthesis of oligonucleotides, DNA is a promising candidate for future data storage.
{"title":"DNA Data Storage.","authors":"Tomasz Buko, Nella Tuczko, Takao Ishikawa","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demand for data storage is growing at an unprecedented rate, and current methods are not sufficient to accommodate such rapid growth due to their cost, space requirements, and energy consumption. Therefore, there is a need for a new, long-lasting data storage medium with high capacity, high data density, and high durability against extreme conditions. DNA is one of the most promising next-generation data carriers, with a storage density of 10¹⁹ bits of data per cubic centimeter, and its three-dimensional structure makes it about eight orders of magnitude denser than other storage media. DNA amplification during PCR or replication during cell proliferation enables the quick and inexpensive copying of vast amounts of data. In addition, DNA can possibly endure millions of years if stored in optimal conditions and dehydrated, making it useful for data storage. Numerous space experiments on microorganisms have also proven their extraordinary durability in extreme conditions, which suggests that DNA could be a durable storage medium for data. Despite some remaining challenges, such as the need to refine methods for the fast and error-free synthesis of oligonucleotides, DNA is a promising candidate for future data storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9773282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galiya I Vildanova, Rezeda Z Allaguvatova, Dina F Kunsbaeva, Natalia V Sukhanova, Lira A Gaysina
Hydroponics is a promising method for growing agricultural plants and is especially relevant in the context of global climate change. Microscopic algae, including Chlorella vulgaris, has great potential for use in hydroponic systems as natural growth stimulators. The effect of the suspension of an authentic strain of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck on the length of cucumber shoots and roots, as well as its dry biomass, was studied. During cultivation in a Knop medium with the addition of Chlorella suspension, the length of the shoots was shortened from 11.30 to 8.15 cm, while the length of the roots also decreased from 16.41 to 10.59 cm. At the same time, the biomass of the roots increased from 0.04 to 0.05 g. The data obtained indicate the positive effect of the suspension of the Chlorella vulgaris authentic strain on the dry biomass of cucumber plants in hydroponic conditions and make it possible to recommend this strain for use when growing plants in hydroponic systems.
{"title":"Application of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Beijerinck as a Biostimulant for Growing Cucumber Seedlings in Hydroponics.","authors":"Galiya I Vildanova, Rezeda Z Allaguvatova, Dina F Kunsbaeva, Natalia V Sukhanova, Lira A Gaysina","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroponics is a promising method for growing agricultural plants and is especially relevant in the context of global climate change. Microscopic algae, including <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>, has great potential for use in hydroponic systems as natural growth stimulators. The effect of the suspension of an authentic strain of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Beijerinck on the length of cucumber shoots and roots, as well as its dry biomass, was studied. During cultivation in a Knop medium with the addition of <i>Chlorella</i> suspension, the length of the shoots was shortened from 11.30 to 8.15 cm, while the length of the roots also decreased from 16.41 to 10.59 cm. At the same time, the biomass of the roots increased from 0.04 to 0.05 g. The data obtained indicate the positive effect of the suspension of the <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> authentic strain on the dry biomass of cucumber plants in hydroponic conditions and make it possible to recommend this strain for use when growing plants in hydroponic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food production heavily depends on ammonia-containing fertilizers to improve crop yield and profitability. However, ammonia production is challenged by huge energy demands and the release of ~2% of global CO2. To mitigate this challenge, many research efforts have been made to develop bioprocessing technologies to make biological ammonia. This review presents three different biological approaches that drive the biochemical mechanisms to convert nitrogen gas, bioresources, or waste to bio-ammonia. The use of advanced technologies-enzyme immobilization and microbial bioengineering-enhanced bio-ammonia production. This review also highlighted some challenges and research gaps that require researchers' attention for bio-ammonia to be industrially pragmatic.
{"title":"Trends in Biological Ammonia Production.","authors":"Adewale Adeniyi, Ibrahim Bello, Taofeek Mukaila, Niloy Chandra Sarker, Ademola Hammed","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech12020041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food production heavily depends on ammonia-containing fertilizers to improve crop yield and profitability. However, ammonia production is challenged by huge energy demands and the release of ~2% of global CO<sub>2</sub>. To mitigate this challenge, many research efforts have been made to develop bioprocessing technologies to make biological ammonia. This review presents three different biological approaches that drive the biochemical mechanisms to convert nitrogen gas, bioresources, or waste to bio-ammonia. The use of advanced technologies-enzyme immobilization and microbial bioengineering-enhanced bio-ammonia production. This review also highlighted some challenges and research gaps that require researchers' attention for bio-ammonia to be industrially pragmatic.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hans Chr Eilertsen, Jo Strømholt, John-Steinar Bergum, Gunilla Kristina Eriksen, Richard Ingebrigtsen
If mass cultivation of photoautotrophic microalgae is to gain momentum and find its place in the new "green future", exceptional optimizations to reduce production costs must be implemented. Issues related to illumination should therefore constitute the main focus, since it is the availability of photons in time and space that drives synthesis of biomass. Further, artificial illumination (e.g., LEDs) is needed to transport enough photons into dense algae cultures contained in large photobioreactors. In the present research project, we employed short-term O2 production and 7-day batch cultivation experiments to evaluate the potential to reduce illumination light energy by applying blue flashing light to cultures of large and small diatoms. Our results show that large diatom cells allow more light penetration for growth compared to smaller cells. PAR (400-700 nm) scans yielded twice as much biovolume-specific absorbance for small biovolume (avg. 7070 μm3) than for large biovolume (avg. 18,703 μm3) cells. The dry weight (DW) to biovolume ratio was 17% lower for large than small cells, resulting in a DW specific absorbance that was 1.75 times higher for small cells compared to large cells. Blue 100 Hz square flashing light yielded the same biovolume production as blue linear light in both the O2 production and batch experiments at the same maximum light intensities. We therefore suggest that, in the future, more focus should be placed on researching optical issues in photobioreactors, and that cell size and flashing blue light should be central in this.
{"title":"Mass Cultivation of Microalgae: II. A Large Species Pulsing Blue Light Concept.","authors":"Hans Chr Eilertsen, Jo Strømholt, John-Steinar Bergum, Gunilla Kristina Eriksen, Richard Ingebrigtsen","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>If mass cultivation of photoautotrophic microalgae is to gain momentum and find its place in the new \"green future\", exceptional optimizations to reduce production costs must be implemented. Issues related to illumination should therefore constitute the main focus, since it is the availability of photons in time and space that drives synthesis of biomass. Further, artificial illumination (e.g., LEDs) is needed to transport enough photons into dense algae cultures contained in large photobioreactors. In the present research project, we employed short-term O<sub>2</sub> production and 7-day batch cultivation experiments to evaluate the potential to reduce illumination light energy by applying blue flashing light to cultures of large and small diatoms. Our results show that large diatom cells allow more light penetration for growth compared to smaller cells. PAR (400-700 nm) scans yielded twice as much biovolume-specific absorbance for small biovolume (avg. 7070 μm<sup>3</sup>) than for large biovolume (avg. 18,703 μm<sup>3</sup>) cells. The dry weight (DW) to biovolume ratio was 17% lower for large than small cells, resulting in a DW specific absorbance that was 1.75 times higher for small cells compared to large cells. Blue 100 Hz square flashing light yielded the same biovolume production as blue linear light in both the O<sub>2</sub> production and batch experiments at the same maximum light intensities. We therefore suggest that, in the future, more focus should be placed on researching optical issues in photobioreactors, and that cell size and flashing blue light should be central in this.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yelena V Grishina, Aleksey A Vatlin, Dilara A Mavletova, Maya V Odorskaya, Alexey M Senkovenko, Rustem A Ilyasov, Valeriy N Danilenko
Many kinds of Lactobacillus are common occupants of humans' digestive tract that support the preservation of a balanced microbial environment that benefits host health. In this study, the unique lactic acid bacterium strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum U-21, which was isolated from the feces of a healthy human, was examined for its metabolite profile in order to compare it to that of the strain L. fermentum 279, which does not have antioxidant (AO) capabilities. By using GC × GC-MS, the metabolite fingerprint of each strain was identified, and the data were then subjected to multivariate bioinformatics analysis. The L. fermentum U-21 strain has previously been shown to possess distinctive antioxidant properties in in vivo and in vitro studies, positioning it as a drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinsonism. The production of multiple distinct compounds is shown by the metabolite analysis, demonstrating the unique characteristics of the L. fermentum U-21 strain. According to reports, some of the L. fermentum U-21 metabolites found in this study have health-promoting properties. The GC × GC-MS-based metabolomic tests defined strain L. fermentum U-21 as a potential postbiotic with significant antioxidant potential.
许多种类的乳酸菌是人类消化道的共同居住者,支持维持平衡的微生物环境,有利于宿主健康。本研究对从健康人粪便中分离出的独特乳酸菌发酵乳杆菌U-21进行了代谢谱分析,并与不具有抗氧化能力的菌株发酵乳杆菌279进行了比较。采用GC- x GC- ms鉴定各菌株代谢物指纹图谱,并对数据进行多元生物信息学分析。在体内和体外研究中,发酵乳杆菌U-21菌株已被证明具有独特的抗氧化特性,将其定位为治疗帕金森病的候选药物。代谢产物分析表明,发酵L. fermentum U-21菌株产生多种不同的化合物,证明了该菌株的独特特性。据报道,本研究中发现的一些发酵乳杆菌U-21代谢物具有促进健康的特性。基于GC × GC- ms的代谢组学试验确定菌株发酵乳杆菌U-21是一种具有显著抗氧化潜力的潜在后生物。
{"title":"Metabolites Potentially Determine the High Antioxidant Properties of <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> U-21.","authors":"Yelena V Grishina, Aleksey A Vatlin, Dilara A Mavletova, Maya V Odorskaya, Alexey M Senkovenko, Rustem A Ilyasov, Valeriy N Danilenko","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many kinds of <i>Lactobacillus</i> are common occupants of humans' digestive tract that support the preservation of a balanced microbial environment that benefits host health. In this study, the unique lactic acid bacterium strain <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> U-21, which was isolated from the feces of a healthy human, was examined for its metabolite profile in order to compare it to that of the strain <i>L. fermentum</i> 279, which does not have antioxidant (AO) capabilities. By using GC × GC-MS, the metabolite fingerprint of each strain was identified, and the data were then subjected to multivariate bioinformatics analysis. The <i>L. fermentum</i> U-21 strain has previously been shown to possess distinctive antioxidant properties in in vivo and in vitro studies, positioning it as a drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinsonism. The production of multiple distinct compounds is shown by the metabolite analysis, demonstrating the unique characteristics of the <i>L. fermentum</i> U-21 strain. According to reports, some of the <i>L. fermentum</i> U-21 metabolites found in this study have health-promoting properties. The GC × GC-MS-based metabolomic tests defined strain <i>L. fermentum</i> U-21 as a potential postbiotic with significant antioxidant potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1938, Corneille Heymans received the Nobel Prize in physiology for discovering that oxygen sensing in the aortic arch and carotid sinus was mediated by the nervous system. The genetics of this process remained unclear until 1991 when Gregg Semenza while studying erythropoietin, came upon hypoxia-inducible factor 1, for which he obtained the Nobel Prize in 2019. The same year, Yingming Zhao found protein lactylation, a posttranslational modification that can alter the function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, the master regulator of cellular senescence, a pathology implicated in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The genetic correlation between PTSD and CVD has been demonstrated by many studies, of which the most recent one utilizes large-scale genetics to estimate the risk factors for these conditions. This study focuses on the role of hypertension and dysfunctional interleukin 7 in PTSD and CVD, the former caused by stress-induced sympathetic arousal and elevated angiotensin II, while the latter links stress to premature endothelial cell senescence and early vascular aging. This review summarizes the recent developments and highlights several novel PTSD and CVD pharmacological targets. They include lactylation of histone and non-histone proteins, along with the related biomolecular actors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, erythropoietin, acid-sensing ion channels, basigin, and Interleukin 7, as well as strategies to delay premature cellular senescence by telomere lengthening and resetting the epigenetic clock.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Protein Lactylation in PTSD and CVD: Novel Strategies and Targets.","authors":"Zisis Kozlakidis, Patricia Shi, Ganna Abarbanel, Carolina Klein, Adonis Sfera","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech12020038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1938, Corneille Heymans received the Nobel Prize in physiology for discovering that oxygen sensing in the aortic arch and carotid sinus was mediated by the nervous system. The genetics of this process remained unclear until 1991 when Gregg Semenza while studying erythropoietin, came upon hypoxia-inducible factor 1, for which he obtained the Nobel Prize in 2019. The same year, Yingming Zhao found protein lactylation, a posttranslational modification that can alter the function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, the master regulator of cellular senescence, a pathology implicated in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The genetic correlation between PTSD and CVD has been demonstrated by many studies, of which the most recent one utilizes large-scale genetics to estimate the risk factors for these conditions. This study focuses on the role of hypertension and dysfunctional interleukin 7 in PTSD and CVD, the former caused by stress-induced sympathetic arousal and elevated angiotensin II, while the latter links stress to premature endothelial cell senescence and early vascular aging. This review summarizes the recent developments and highlights several novel PTSD and CVD pharmacological targets. They include lactylation of histone and non-histone proteins, along with the related biomolecular actors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, erythropoietin, acid-sensing ion channels, basigin, and Interleukin 7, as well as strategies to delay premature cellular senescence by telomere lengthening and resetting the epigenetic clock.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As function preservation cancer therapy, targeted radiation therapies have been developed for the quality of life of cancer patients. However, preclinical animal studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of targeted radiation therapy is challenging from the viewpoints of animal welfare and animal protection, as well as the management of animal in radiation-controlled areas under the regulations. We fabricated the human 3D oral cancer model that considers the time axis of the follow up in cancer treatment. Therefore, in this study, the 3D model with human oral cancer cells and normal oral fibroblasts was treated based on clinical protocol. After cancer treatment, the histological findings of the 3D oral cancer model indicated the clinical correlation between tumor response and surrounding normal tissue. This 3D model has potential as a tool for preclinical studies alternative to animal studies.
{"title":"Development of the Follow-Up Human 3D Oral Cancer Model in Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Kazuyo Igawa, Kenji Izumi, Yoshinori Sakurai","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech12020035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As function preservation cancer therapy, targeted radiation therapies have been developed for the quality of life of cancer patients. However, preclinical animal studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of targeted radiation therapy is challenging from the viewpoints of animal welfare and animal protection, as well as the management of animal in radiation-controlled areas under the regulations. We fabricated the human 3D oral cancer model that considers the time axis of the follow up in cancer treatment. Therefore, in this study, the 3D model with human oral cancer cells and normal oral fibroblasts was treated based on clinical protocol. After cancer treatment, the histological findings of the 3D oral cancer model indicated the clinical correlation between tumor response and surrounding normal tissue. This 3D model has potential as a tool for preclinical studies alternative to animal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9508962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shingo Nakamura, Emi Inada, Issei Saitoh, Masahiro Sato
Genome editing, as exemplified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has recently been employed to effectively generate genetically modified animals and cells for the purpose of gene function analysis and disease model creation. There are at least four ways to induce genome editing in individuals: the first is to perform genome editing at the early preimplantation stage, such as fertilized eggs (zygotes), for the creation of whole genetically modified animals; the second is at post-implanted stages, as exemplified by the mid-gestational stages (E9 to E15), for targeting specific cell populations through in utero injection of viral vectors carrying genome-editing components or that of nonviral vectors carrying genome-editing components and subsequent in utero electroporation; the third is at the mid-gestational stages, as exemplified by tail-vein injection of genome-editing components into the pregnant females through which the genome-editing components can be transmitted to fetal cells via a placenta-blood barrier; and the last is at the newborn or adult stage, as exemplified by facial or tail-vein injection of genome-editing components. Here, we focus on the second and third approaches and will review the latest techniques for various methods concerning gene editing in developing fetuses.
{"title":"Recent Genome-Editing Approaches toward Post-Implanted Fetuses in Mice.","authors":"Shingo Nakamura, Emi Inada, Issei Saitoh, Masahiro Sato","doi":"10.3390/biotech12020037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12020037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome editing, as exemplified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has recently been employed to effectively generate genetically modified animals and cells for the purpose of gene function analysis and disease model creation. There are at least four ways to induce genome editing in individuals: the first is to perform genome editing at the early preimplantation stage, such as fertilized eggs (zygotes), for the creation of whole genetically modified animals; the second is at post-implanted stages, as exemplified by the mid-gestational stages (E9 to E15), for targeting specific cell populations through in utero injection of viral vectors carrying genome-editing components or that of nonviral vectors carrying genome-editing components and subsequent in utero electroporation; the third is at the mid-gestational stages, as exemplified by tail-vein injection of genome-editing components into the pregnant females through which the genome-editing components can be transmitted to fetal cells via a placenta-blood barrier; and the last is at the newborn or adult stage, as exemplified by facial or tail-vein injection of genome-editing components. Here, we focus on the second and third approaches and will review the latest techniques for various methods concerning gene editing in developing fetuses.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}