Virginia Sarropoulou, Katerina Grigoriadou, Varvara I Maliogka, Chrysoula-Lito Sassalou, Vasileios Ziogas
Viruses and viroids pose a significant challenge in citriculture, and their control is crucial for plant health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of in vitro thermotherapy combined with a meristem tip culture for eliminating citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from a new limonime hybrid (Citrus x limon var. limon x Citrus latifolia var. latifolia). The elimination success was confirmed by RT-PCR assays. The in vitro elimination rate for CEVd during the shoot proliferation stage (43%) was higher than for HSVd (21%). Accordingly, in the subsequent rooting stage, the in vitro elimination rate for CEVd (50%) was higher than for HSVd (33%). Successful CEVd and HSVd eradication at a 100% rate was confirmed in the ex vitro acclimatized plants in the greenhouse. The study also established an efficient micropropagation protocol. The optimal treatment for in vitro shoot induction was 0.5-2 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) + 0.5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) + 0.25 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), while for shoot elongation, it was 0.5 mg L-1 BA + 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin (KIN) + 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 + 0.25 mg L-1 NAA. Rooting was best promoted by 1 mg L-1 NAA. This study provides valuable insights for the mass production of viroid-free propagation material in this new lemon x lime hybrid, contributing to the conservation of genetic resources in citrus breeding programs through the combined application of in vitro thermotherapy and an in vitro meristem tip culture, a novel and highlighted achievement reported for the first time in this study.
{"title":"The Elimination of Viroids through In Vitro Thermotherapy and a Meristem Tip Culture from a New Limonime Hybrid (<i>Citrus</i> x <i>limon</i> var. <i>limon</i> (L.) Burm. f. x <i>Citrus latifolia</i> var. <i>latifolia</i>).","authors":"Virginia Sarropoulou, Katerina Grigoriadou, Varvara I Maliogka, Chrysoula-Lito Sassalou, Vasileios Ziogas","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech13030037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses and viroids pose a significant challenge in citriculture, and their control is crucial for plant health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of in vitro thermotherapy combined with a meristem tip culture for eliminating citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from a new limonime hybrid (<i>Citrus</i> x <i>limon</i> var. <i>limon</i> x <i>Citrus latifolia</i> var. <i>latifolia</i>). The elimination success was confirmed by RT-PCR assays. The in vitro elimination rate for CEVd during the shoot proliferation stage (43%) was higher than for HSVd (21%). Accordingly, in the subsequent rooting stage, the in vitro elimination rate for CEVd (50%) was higher than for HSVd (33%). Successful CEVd and HSVd eradication at a 100% rate was confirmed in the ex vitro acclimatized plants in the greenhouse. The study also established an efficient micropropagation protocol. The optimal treatment for in vitro shoot induction was 0.5-2 mg L<sup>-1</sup> benzyladenine (BA) + 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) + 0.25 mg L<sup>-1</sup> naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), while for shoot elongation, it was 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> BA + 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> kinetin (KIN) + 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> GA<sub>3</sub> + 0.25 mg L<sup>-1</sup> NAA. Rooting was best promoted by 1 mg L<sup>-1</sup> NAA. This study provides valuable insights for the mass production of viroid-free propagation material in this new lemon x lime hybrid, contributing to the conservation of genetic resources in citrus breeding programs through the combined application of in vitro thermotherapy and an in vitro meristem tip culture, a novel and highlighted achievement reported for the first time in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11430235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iveta Schmiedova, Petr Slama, Alena Dembickaja, Beata Kozova, Vendula Hyneckova, Sona Gogolkova, Elen Stastna, Michal Zahradnicek, Stefan Savic, Arash Davani, Edward Hulo, Emil Martinka
Chronic wounds result from the body's inability to heal, causing pain, pathogen entry, limited treatment options, and societal burden. Diabetic foot ulcers are particularly challenging, often leading to severe complications like leg amputation. A clinical study tested AMNIODERM+®, a new device with a lyophilized human amniotic membrane (HAM), on chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Participants had diabetic neuropathic or neuroischemic leg wounds (2-16 cm2) unhealed by 20% after six weeks of standard care. This study showed significant wound healing improvements with AMNIODERM+®. The median wound size reduction after 12 weeks was 95.5%, far exceeding the null hypothesis of 20% change. Additionally, 65% of patients achieved complete ulceration healing, surpassing the 50% efficacy requirement. The median time to full closure was 11.4 weeks, with the proportion of completely healed patients rising progressively, reaching 55% by week 11. These findings, from the clinical trial "Freeze-dried amniotic membrane in the treatment of nonhealing wounds", suggest AMNIODERM+® as a promising future treatment for chronic diabetic foot ulcers. The published results were obtained as part of a clinical trial entitled "Freeze-dried amniotic membrane in the treatment of nonhealing wounds: a single-arm, retrospectively-perspective clinical trial", EUDAMED Nr. CIV-SK-22-10-041146.
{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of AMNIODERM+<sup>®</sup> Wound Dressing Containing Non-Viable Human Amniotic Membrane: Retrospective-Perspective Clinical Trial.","authors":"Iveta Schmiedova, Petr Slama, Alena Dembickaja, Beata Kozova, Vendula Hyneckova, Sona Gogolkova, Elen Stastna, Michal Zahradnicek, Stefan Savic, Arash Davani, Edward Hulo, Emil Martinka","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030036","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wounds result from the body's inability to heal, causing pain, pathogen entry, limited treatment options, and societal burden. Diabetic foot ulcers are particularly challenging, often leading to severe complications like leg amputation. A clinical study tested AMNIODERM+<sup>®</sup>, a new device with a lyophilized human amniotic membrane (HAM), on chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Participants had diabetic neuropathic or neuroischemic leg wounds (2-16 cm<sup>2</sup>) unhealed by 20% after six weeks of standard care. This study showed significant wound healing improvements with AMNIODERM+<sup>®</sup>. The median wound size reduction after 12 weeks was 95.5%, far exceeding the null hypothesis of 20% change. Additionally, 65% of patients achieved complete ulceration healing, surpassing the 50% efficacy requirement. The median time to full closure was 11.4 weeks, with the proportion of completely healed patients rising progressively, reaching 55% by week 11. These findings, from the clinical trial \"Freeze-dried amniotic membrane in the treatment of nonhealing wounds\", suggest AMNIODERM+<sup>®</sup> as a promising future treatment for chronic diabetic foot ulcers. The published results were obtained as part of a clinical trial entitled \"Freeze-dried amniotic membrane in the treatment of nonhealing wounds: a single-arm, retrospectively-perspective clinical trial\", EUDAMED Nr. CIV-SK-22-10-041146.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power scarcity and pollution can be overcome with the use of green energy forms like ethanol, biogas, electricity, hydrogen, etc., especially energy produced from renewable and industrial feedstocks. In hilly areas, pine needles are the most abundant biomass that has a low possibility of valorization due to high lignin content. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignin and animal waste has low biogas yield due to poor conductivity. This study focuses on the simultaneous production of biogas and electricity through the co-digestion of cow dung and pine needles. The digester was initially established and stabilized in the lab to ensure a continuous supply of inoculum throughout the experiment. The optimization process involved the determination of an ideal cow dung-to-water ratio and selecting the appropriate conductive material that can enhance the energy generation from the feedstock. Afterward, both batch and continuous anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the addition of powdered graphite (5 mM), activated charcoal (15 mM), and biochar (25 mM) exhibited maximum voltage of 0.71 ± 0.013 V, 0.56 ± 0.013 V, and 0.49 ± 0.011 V on the 30th, 25th and 20th day of AD, respectively. The batch experiment showed that 5 mM graphite powder enhanced electron transfer in the AD process and generated a voltage of 0.77 ± 0.014 V on the 30th day, indicating an increase of ~1.5-fold as compared to the control (0.56 ± 0.019 V). The results from the continuous AD process showed that the digester with cow dung, pine needle, and a conductive material in combination exhibited the maximum voltage of 0.76 ± 0.012 V on the 21st day of AD, while the digester with cow dung only exhibited a maximum voltage of 0.62 ± 0.015 V on the 22nd day of AD, representing a 1.3-fold increase over the control. Furthermore, the current work used discarded plastic items and electrodes from spent batteries to emphasize waste management and aid in attaining sustainable energy and development goals.
利用乙醇、沼气、电力、氢气等绿色能源形式,特别是利用可再生原料和工业原料生产的能源,可以克服电力短缺和污染问题。在丘陵地区,松针是最丰富的生物质,但由于木质素含量高,其价值化的可能性较低。另一方面,木质素和动物粪便的厌氧消化(AD)由于传导性差,沼气产量低。本研究的重点是通过牛粪和松针的共同消化,同时生产沼气和电力。沼气池最初是在实验室中建立和稳定的,以确保在整个实验过程中持续供应接种物。优化过程包括确定理想的牛粪与水的比例,并选择适当的导电材料,以提高原料的发电量。随后,进行了间歇式和连续式厌氧消化实验。结果显示,添加石墨粉(5 mM)、活性炭(15 mM)和生物炭(25 mM)后,在厌氧消化第 30 天、第 25 天和第 20 天的最大电压分别为 0.71 ± 0.013 V、0.56 ± 0.013 V 和 0.49 ± 0.011 V。批量实验表明,5 mM 石墨粉增强了 AD 过程中的电子传递,在第 30 天产生了 0.77 ± 0.014 V 的电压,与对照组(0.56 ± 0.019 V)相比增加了 ~1.5 倍。连续厌氧消化过程的结果显示,牛粪、松针和导电材料混合使用的消化器在厌氧消化的第 21 天显示出 0.76 ± 0.012 V 的最大电压,而只使用牛粪的消化器在厌氧消化的第 22 天显示出 0.62 ± 0.015 V 的最大电压,比对照组增加了 1.3 倍。此外,目前的工作使用了废弃塑料制品和废电池电极,以强调废物管理,帮助实现可持续能源和发展目标。
{"title":"Simultaneous Production of Biogas and Electricity from Anaerobic Digestion of Pine Needles: Sustainable Energy and Waste Management.","authors":"Deepak Sharma, Rishi Mahajan, Vikas Baghel, Saurabh Bansal, Vishal Ahuja, Gunjan Goel","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Power scarcity and pollution can be overcome with the use of green energy forms like ethanol, biogas, electricity, hydrogen, etc., especially energy produced from renewable and industrial feedstocks. In hilly areas, pine needles are the most abundant biomass that has a low possibility of valorization due to high lignin content. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignin and animal waste has low biogas yield due to poor conductivity. This study focuses on the simultaneous production of biogas and electricity through the co-digestion of cow dung and pine needles. The digester was initially established and stabilized in the lab to ensure a continuous supply of inoculum throughout the experiment. The optimization process involved the determination of an ideal cow dung-to-water ratio and selecting the appropriate conductive material that can enhance the energy generation from the feedstock. Afterward, both batch and continuous anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the addition of powdered graphite (5 mM), activated charcoal (15 mM), and biochar (25 mM) exhibited maximum voltage of 0.71 ± 0.013 V, 0.56 ± 0.013 V, and 0.49 ± 0.011 V on the 30th, 25th and 20th day of AD, respectively. The batch experiment showed that 5 mM graphite powder enhanced electron transfer in the AD process and generated a voltage of 0.77 ± 0.014 V on the 30th day, indicating an increase of ~1.5-fold as compared to the control (0.56 ± 0.019 V). The results from the continuous AD process showed that the digester with cow dung, pine needle, and a conductive material in combination exhibited the maximum voltage of 0.76 ± 0.012 V on the 21st day of AD, while the digester with cow dung only exhibited a maximum voltage of 0.62 ± 0.015 V on the 22nd day of AD, representing a 1.3-fold increase over the control. Furthermore, the current work used discarded plastic items and electrodes from spent batteries to emphasize waste management and aid in attaining sustainable energy and development goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biobanking plays a pivotal role in biomedical research by providing standardized processing, precise storing, and management of biological sample collections along with the associated data. Effective data management is a prerequisite to ensure the integrity, quality, and accessibility of these resources. This review provides a current landscape of data management in biobanking, discussing key challenges, existing strategies, and potential future directions. We explore multiple aspects of data management, including data collection, storage, curation, sharing, and ethical considerations. By examining the evolving technologies and methodologies in biobanking, we aim to provide insights into addressing the complexities and maximizing the utility of biobank data for research and clinical applications.
{"title":"Data Management in Biobanking: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Ramez Alkhatib, Karoline I Gaede","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biobanking plays a pivotal role in biomedical research by providing standardized processing, precise storing, and management of biological sample collections along with the associated data. Effective data management is a prerequisite to ensure the integrity, quality, and accessibility of these resources. This review provides a current landscape of data management in biobanking, discussing key challenges, existing strategies, and potential future directions. We explore multiple aspects of data management, including data collection, storage, curation, sharing, and ethical considerations. By examining the evolving technologies and methodologies in biobanking, we aim to provide insights into addressing the complexities and maximizing the utility of biobank data for research and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamal Raiyn, Adam Rayan, Saleh Abu-Lafi, Anwar Rayan
This study introduces the intelligent learning engine (ILE) optimization technology, a novel approach designed to revolutionize screening processes in bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and a range of other scientific fields. By focusing on the efficient and precise identification of candidates with desirable characteristics, the ILE technology marks a significant leap forward in addressing the complexities of candidate selection in drug discovery, protein classification, and beyond. The study's primary objective is to address the challenges associated with optimizing screening processes to efficiently select candidates across various fields, including drug discovery and protein classification. The methodology employed involves a detailed algorithmic process that includes dataset preparation, encoding of protein sequences, sensor nucleation, and optimization, culminating in the empirical evaluation of molecular activity indexing, homology-based modeling, and classification of proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors. This process showcases the method's success in multiple sequence alignment, protein identification, and classification. Key results demonstrate the ILE's superior accuracy in protein classification and virtual high-throughput screening, with a notable breakthrough in drug development for assessing drug-induced long QT syndrome risks through hERG potassium channel interaction analysis. The technology showcased exceptional results in the formulation and evaluation of novel cancer drug candidates, highlighting its potential for significant advancements in pharmaceutical innovations. The findings underline the ILE optimization technology as a transformative tool in screening processes due to its proven effectiveness and broad applicability across various domains. This breakthrough contributes substantially to the fields of systems optimization and holds promise for diverse applications, enhancing the process of selecting candidate molecules with target properties and advancing drug discovery, protein classification, and modeling.
本研究介绍了智能学习引擎(ILE)优化技术,这是一种新颖的方法,旨在彻底改变生物信息学、化学信息学和其他一系列科学领域的筛选过程。ILE 技术专注于高效、精确地识别具有理想特征的候选物,在解决药物发现、蛋白质分类等候选物选择的复杂性方面实现了重大飞跃。这项研究的主要目的是应对与优化筛选过程相关的挑战,以便在包括药物发现和蛋白质分类在内的各个领域有效地选择候选药物。所采用的方法涉及一个详细的算法过程,包括数据集准备、蛋白质序列编码、传感器核化和优化,最终对分子活性索引、基于同源性的建模和蛋白质分类(如 G 蛋白偶联受体)进行实证评估。这一过程展示了该方法在多序列比对、蛋白质识别和分类方面的成功。主要结果表明,ILE 在蛋白质分类和虚拟高通量筛选方面具有卓越的准确性,在通过 hERG 钾通道相互作用分析评估药物诱发长 QT 综合征风险的药物开发方面取得了显著突破。该技术在新型癌症候选药物的配制和评估方面展示了卓越的成果,凸显了其在医药创新方面取得重大进展的潜力。这些发现强调了 ILE 优化技术是筛选过程中的一种变革性工具,因为它的有效性和广泛适用性已在各个领域得到证实。这一突破极大地促进了系统优化领域的发展,并有望实现多种应用,加强具有目标特性的候选分子的筛选过程,推动药物发现、蛋白质分类和建模。
{"title":"From Sequence to Solution: Intelligent Learning Engine Optimization in Drug Discovery and Protein Analysis.","authors":"Jamal Raiyn, Adam Rayan, Saleh Abu-Lafi, Anwar Rayan","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study introduces the intelligent learning engine (ILE) optimization technology, a novel approach designed to revolutionize screening processes in bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and a range of other scientific fields. By focusing on the efficient and precise identification of candidates with desirable characteristics, the ILE technology marks a significant leap forward in addressing the complexities of candidate selection in drug discovery, protein classification, and beyond. The study's primary objective is to address the challenges associated with optimizing screening processes to efficiently select candidates across various fields, including drug discovery and protein classification. The methodology employed involves a detailed algorithmic process that includes dataset preparation, encoding of protein sequences, sensor nucleation, and optimization, culminating in the empirical evaluation of molecular activity indexing, homology-based modeling, and classification of proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors. This process showcases the method's success in multiple sequence alignment, protein identification, and classification. Key results demonstrate the ILE's superior accuracy in protein classification and virtual high-throughput screening, with a notable breakthrough in drug development for assessing drug-induced long QT syndrome risks through hERG potassium channel interaction analysis. The technology showcased exceptional results in the formulation and evaluation of novel cancer drug candidates, highlighting its potential for significant advancements in pharmaceutical innovations. The findings underline the ILE optimization technology as a transformative tool in screening processes due to its proven effectiveness and broad applicability across various domains. This breakthrough contributes substantially to the fields of systems optimization and holds promise for diverse applications, enhancing the process of selecting candidate molecules with target properties and advancing drug discovery, protein classification, and modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seven auxin-producing endophytic bacterial strains (Azospirillum spp., Methylobacterium symbioticum, Bacillus spp.), and two different combinations of these strains were used to verify their influence on tomato during germination and development in hydroponic conditions where, as a novelty for Canestrino di Lucca cultivar, endophytic bacteria were inoculated. To emphasize the presence of bacterial auxins in roots and stems of seedlings, both in situ staining qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis were carried out. Moreover, hypogeal and epigeal growth of the plantlets were measured, and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the amount of indolacetic acid (IAA) produced by the bacterial strains and root and stem parameters. Plantlets treated with microbial inoculants showed a significant increase in the survival rate compared to the control treatment. The best results as IAA producers were from Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and A. brasilense Cd, which also induced significant root growth. On the other hand, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. licheniformis induced the best rates in stem growth. These findings highlight the potential for using endophytic bacterial strains in a hydroponic co-cultivation system that enables inoculating plantlets, at an early stage of growth (5 days old).
在水培条件下,作为 Canestrino di Lucca 栽培品种的一种创新,内生细菌被接种到番茄的萌芽和生长过程中,我们使用了七种产生辅酶的内生细菌菌株(Azospirillum 菌属、共生 Methylobacterium 菌属、芽孢杆菌属)以及这些菌株的两种不同组合来验证它们对番茄的影响。为了强调秧苗根部和茎部存在细菌素,进行了原位染色定性评估和定量分析。此外,还测量了小苗的下胚芽生长和上胚芽生长,并进行了相关分析,以研究细菌菌株产生的吲哚乙酸(IAA)量与根和茎参数之间的关系。与对照处理相比,使用微生物接种剂处理的小苗成活率显著提高。产生 IAA 效果最好的是 Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 和 A. brasilense Cd,它们也能诱导根系显著生长。另一方面,淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和地衣芽孢杆菌(B. licheniformis)诱导的茎干生长率最高。这些发现凸显了在水培联合栽培系统中使用内生细菌菌株的潜力,该系统可在小苗生长初期(5 天大)接种内生细菌菌株。
{"title":"Auxin-Producing Bacteria Used as Microbial Biostimulants Improve the Growth of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Seedlings in Hydroponic Systems.","authors":"Livia Pappalettere, Susanna Bartolini, Annita Toffanin","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seven auxin-producing endophytic bacterial strains (<i>Azospirillum</i> spp., <i>Methylobacterium symbioticum</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> spp.), and two different combinations of these strains were used to verify their influence on tomato during germination and development in hydroponic conditions where, as a novelty for Canestrino di Lucca cultivar, endophytic bacteria were inoculated. To emphasize the presence of bacterial auxins in roots and stems of seedlings, both in situ staining qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis were carried out. Moreover, hypogeal and epigeal growth of the plantlets were measured, and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the amount of indolacetic acid (IAA) produced by the bacterial strains and root and stem parameters. Plantlets treated with microbial inoculants showed a significant increase in the survival rate compared to the control treatment. The best results as IAA producers were from <i>Azospirillum baldaniorum</i> Sp245 and <i>A. brasilense</i> Cd, which also induced significant root growth. On the other hand, <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> and <i>B. licheniformis</i> induced the best rates in stem growth. These findings highlight the potential for using endophytic bacterial strains in a hydroponic co-cultivation system that enables inoculating plantlets, at an early stage of growth (5 days old).</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The black soldier fly is a valuable resource insect capable of transforming organic waste while producing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The inhibition zone assay (IZA) is a method used to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of AMPs. This study aimed to examine the experimental principles and establish a standardized IZA method. Results indicated that the AMPs extract consisted of proteins ranging in molecular weights from 0 to 40 kDa. The AMPs diffused radially on an agar plate through an Oxford cup. The diffusion radius was influenced by the concentration and volume of the AMPs but ultimately determined by the mass of the AMPs. The swabbing method was found to be effective for inoculating bacteria on the agar plate. Among the conditions tested, the plate nutrient concentration was the most sensitive factor for the IZA, followed by bacterial concentration and incubation time. Optimal conditions for the IZA included a nutrient plate of 0.5× TSA, a bacterial concentration of 106 CFU/mL, and an incubation time of 12 h, with oxytetracycline (OTC) at 0.01 mg/mL serving as the positive control. The antimicrobial-specific activity of AMPs could be standardized by the ratio of inhibition zone diameters between AMPs and OTC. These findings contribute to the standardization of the IZA method for profiling the antimicrobial activity of AMPs.
{"title":"Principle Investigation and Method Standardization of Inhibition Zone Assay Based on Antimicrobial Peptides Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Larvae","authors":"Wenyue Shen, Ranxia Xue, Yanxia Liu, Shibo Sun, Xi Chen, Dongye Sun, Ouyang Han, Yuxin Li, Jianqiang Xu, Xiaoying Dong, Fengyun Ji, Weiping Xu","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech13030031","url":null,"abstract":"The black soldier fly is a valuable resource insect capable of transforming organic waste while producing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The inhibition zone assay (IZA) is a method used to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of AMPs. This study aimed to examine the experimental principles and establish a standardized IZA method. Results indicated that the AMPs extract consisted of proteins ranging in molecular weights from 0 to 40 kDa. The AMPs diffused radially on an agar plate through an Oxford cup. The diffusion radius was influenced by the concentration and volume of the AMPs but ultimately determined by the mass of the AMPs. The swabbing method was found to be effective for inoculating bacteria on the agar plate. Among the conditions tested, the plate nutrient concentration was the most sensitive factor for the IZA, followed by bacterial concentration and incubation time. Optimal conditions for the IZA included a nutrient plate of 0.5× TSA, a bacterial concentration of 106 CFU/mL, and an incubation time of 12 h, with oxytetracycline (OTC) at 0.01 mg/mL serving as the positive control. The antimicrobial-specific activity of AMPs could be standardized by the ratio of inhibition zone diameters between AMPs and OTC. These findings contribute to the standardization of the IZA method for profiling the antimicrobial activity of AMPs.","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haibo Liu, Kai Hu, Kevin O'Connor, Michelle A Kelliher, Lihua Julie Zhu
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a standard method for profiling gene expression, yet genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination carried over to the sequencing library poses a significant challenge to data integrity. Detecting and correcting this contamination is vital for accurate downstream analyses. Particularly, when RNA samples are scarce and invaluable, it becomes essential not only to identify but also to correct gDNA contamination to maximize the data's utility. However, existing tools capable of correcting gDNA contamination are limited and lack thorough evaluation. To fill the gap, we developed CleanUpRNAseq, which offers a comprehensive set of functionalities for identifying and correcting gDNA-contaminated RNA-seq data. Our package offers three correction methods for unstranded RNA-seq data and a dedicated approach for stranded data. Through rigorous validation on published RNA-seq datasets with known levels of gDNA contamination and real-world RNA-seq data, we demonstrate CleanUpRNAseq's efficacy in detecting and correcting detrimental levels of gDNA contamination across diverse library protocols. CleanUpRNAseq thus serves as a valuable tool for post-alignment quality assessment of RNA-seq data and should be integrated into routine workflows for RNA-seq data analysis. Its incorporation into OneStopRNAseq should significantly bolster the accuracy of gene expression quantification and differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data.
{"title":"CleanUpRNAseq: An R/Bioconductor Package for Detecting and Correcting DNA Contamination in RNA-Seq Data.","authors":"Haibo Liu, Kai Hu, Kevin O'Connor, Michelle A Kelliher, Lihua Julie Zhu","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a standard method for profiling gene expression, yet genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination carried over to the sequencing library poses a significant challenge to data integrity. Detecting and correcting this contamination is vital for accurate downstream analyses. Particularly, when RNA samples are scarce and invaluable, it becomes essential not only to identify but also to correct gDNA contamination to maximize the data's utility. However, existing tools capable of correcting gDNA contamination are limited and lack thorough evaluation. To fill the gap, we developed CleanUpRNAseq, which offers a comprehensive set of functionalities for identifying and correcting gDNA-contaminated RNA-seq data. Our package offers three correction methods for unstranded RNA-seq data and a dedicated approach for stranded data. Through rigorous validation on published RNA-seq datasets with known levels of gDNA contamination and real-world RNA-seq data, we demonstrate CleanUpRNAseq's efficacy in detecting and correcting detrimental levels of gDNA contamination across diverse library protocols. CleanUpRNAseq thus serves as a valuable tool for post-alignment quality assessment of RNA-seq data and should be integrated into routine workflows for RNA-seq data analysis. Its incorporation into OneStopRNAseq should significantly bolster the accuracy of gene expression quantification and differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caren N Moreno, Jorge N Gomez, María P Taranto, Ana E Ledesma, Ana Y Bustos
Bile acids (BAs) are the main endogenous modulators of the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. In the present work, the effect of conjugated (glycodeoxycholic, glycocholic, taurodeoxycholic, taurocholic acids) and free BAs [cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA)] on the survival, biological molecules, and structural and surface properties of two potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was evaluated. For this, viability assays, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential (ZP) measurements were employed. Our results evidenced that free BAs were more toxic than conjugates, with CA being significantly more harmful than deoxycholic acid (DCA). RAMAN studies show that BAs modify the bands corresponding to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA. SEM showed that BAs cause surface distortions with depressions and fold formation, as well as incomplete cell division. DCA was the one that least altered the ZP of bacteria when compared to CA and taurodeoxycholic acid, with gradual changes towards more positive values. In general, the magnitude of these effects was different according to the BA and its concentration, being more evident in the presence of CA, even at low concentrations, which would explain its greater inhibitory effect. This work provides solid evidence on the effects of BAs on LAB that will allow for the development of strategies by which to modulate the composition of the microbiota positively.
胆汁酸(BA)是肠道微生物群组成和代谢活动的主要内源性调节剂。本研究评估了共轭胆汁酸(糖脱氧胆酸、糖代胆酸、牛磺酸)和游离胆汁酸[胆酸(CA)和脱氧胆酸(DCA)]对两种潜在益生乳酸菌(LAB)的存活、生物分子、结构和表面特性的影响。为此,研究人员采用了活力测定、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和 zeta 电位(ZP)测量法。我们的研究结果表明,游离 BA 的毒性高于共轭物,其中 CA 的毒性明显高于脱氧胆酸(DCA)。RAMAN 研究表明,BAs 改变了与蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物和 DNA 相对应的条带。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示,BA 会导致表面变形,形成凹陷和褶皱,以及细胞分裂不完全。与 CA 和牛磺脱氧胆酸相比,DCA 对细菌 ZP 的改变最小,但会逐渐变为更正值。总的来说,这些影响的程度因 BA 及其浓度的不同而不同,在有 CA 存在的情况下更为明显,即使浓度很低,这就解释了为什么 CA 的抑制作用更大。这项研究提供了 BA 对 LAB 影响的确凿证据,有助于制定积极调节微生物群组成的策略。
{"title":"Molecular Insight into the Response of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Bile Acids.","authors":"Caren N Moreno, Jorge N Gomez, María P Taranto, Ana E Ledesma, Ana Y Bustos","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bile acids (BAs) are the main endogenous modulators of the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. In the present work, the effect of conjugated (glycodeoxycholic, glycocholic, taurodeoxycholic, taurocholic acids) and free BAs [cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA)] on the survival, biological molecules, and structural and surface properties of two potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was evaluated. For this, viability assays, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential (ZP) measurements were employed. Our results evidenced that free BAs were more toxic than conjugates, with CA being significantly more harmful than deoxycholic acid (DCA). RAMAN studies show that BAs modify the bands corresponding to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA. SEM showed that BAs cause surface distortions with depressions and fold formation, as well as incomplete cell division. DCA was the one that least altered the ZP of bacteria when compared to CA and taurodeoxycholic acid, with gradual changes towards more positive values. In general, the magnitude of these effects was different according to the BA and its concentration, being more evident in the presence of CA, even at low concentrations, which would explain its greater inhibitory effect. This work provides solid evidence on the effects of BAs on LAB that will allow for the development of strategies by which to modulate the composition of the microbiota positively.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hari Lal Kharel, Lina Jha, Melissa Tan, Thinesh Selvaratnam
The release of cadmium into the environment is a significant global concern due to its toxicity, non-biodegradability, and persistence in nature. There is an urgent need for effective, eco-friendly, and cost-effective systems for removing Cd because of the many drawbacks of conventional physicochemical techniques. This study investigated the ability of the extremophile red microalgal strain Galdieria sulphuraria CCMEE 5587.1 to tolerate and remove Cd (II) ions at acidic pH in a controlled laboratory environment. Three distinct concentrations of Cd (1.5 mg L-1, 3 mg L-1, and 6 mg L-1) were introduced to the cyanidium medium, and G. sulphuraria cells were introduced in the medium and grown for ten days. Four distinct aspects were identified regarding Cd removal: time course Cd removal, total Cd removal, extracellular Cd removal, and intracellular Cd removal. The inhibitory effects of Cd on G. sulphuraria growth were observed using a daily growth profile. Initial incubation days showed an inhibition of G. sulphuraria growth. In addition, increasing the Cd concentration in the medium decreased the growth rate of G. sulphuraria. Rapid Cd removal occurred on the first day of the experiment, followed by a steady removal of Cd until the last day. The highest total removal efficiency occurred in a medium containing 3 mg L-1 of Cd ions, which was 30%. In contrast, the highest sorption capacity occurred in a medium containing 6 mg L-1 of Cd ions, which was 1.59 mg g-1 of dry biomass. In all media compositions, a major fraction (>80%) of Cd removal occurred via adsorption on the cell surface (extracellular). These results showed that G. sulphuraria cells can remove Cd ions from aqueous solution, which makes them a potential bioremediation option for heavy metal removal.
{"title":"Removal of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solution Using <i>Galdieria sulphuraria</i> CCMEE 5587.1.","authors":"Hari Lal Kharel, Lina Jha, Melissa Tan, Thinesh Selvaratnam","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biotech13030028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The release of cadmium into the environment is a significant global concern due to its toxicity, non-biodegradability, and persistence in nature. There is an urgent need for effective, eco-friendly, and cost-effective systems for removing Cd because of the many drawbacks of conventional physicochemical techniques. This study investigated the ability of the extremophile red microalgal strain <i>Galdieria sulphuraria</i> CCMEE 5587.1 to tolerate and remove Cd (II) ions at acidic pH in a controlled laboratory environment. Three distinct concentrations of Cd (1.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 3 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, and 6 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) were introduced to the cyanidium medium, and <i>G. sulphuraria</i> cells were introduced in the medium and grown for ten days. Four distinct aspects were identified regarding Cd removal: time course Cd removal, total Cd removal, extracellular Cd removal, and intracellular Cd removal. The inhibitory effects of Cd on <i>G. sulphuraria</i> growth were observed using a daily growth profile. Initial incubation days showed an inhibition of <i>G. sulphuraria</i> growth. In addition, increasing the Cd concentration in the medium decreased the growth rate of <i>G. sulphuraria</i>. Rapid Cd removal occurred on the first day of the experiment, followed by a steady removal of Cd until the last day. The highest total removal efficiency occurred in a medium containing 3 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of Cd ions, which was 30%. In contrast, the highest sorption capacity occurred in a medium containing 6 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of Cd ions, which was 1.59 mg g<sup>-1</sup> of dry biomass. In all media compositions, a major fraction (>80%) of Cd removal occurred via adsorption on the cell surface (extracellular). These results showed that <i>G. sulphuraria</i> cells can remove Cd ions from aqueous solution, which makes them a potential bioremediation option for heavy metal removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}