Mg-Li alloys are promising candidates for lightweight structural applications owing to their low density and high specific strength; however, their broader use is still constrained by the strength-ductility trade-off. Here, a new cast Mg–10.2Li–4.56Al–1.53Y–2.29Gd alloy (wt.%) is developed to address this challenge. Microstructural characterization reveals a hierarchically heterogeneous architecture comprising of microscale Al2(Y, Gd) and AlLi particles, submicron Mg3Al precipitates, and nanoscale strip-like α-Mg phase containing nanotwins, all embedded within a β-Li matrix. This multiscale microstructure sustains strain hardening and delivers an ultimate tensile strength of 300 MPa and an elongation of 35%, which is exceptional among as-cast Mg–Li alloys. These results highlight alloying-enabled hierarchical structural design as a practical pathway toward ultralight, high-performance metallic materials.
{"title":"Strength-Ductility Synergy in a Cast Mg–Li Alloy Enabled by Alloying-Induced Hierarchically Heterogeneous Structure","authors":"Ning Zhao, Zongde Kou, Kaikai Song, Zengqian Liu, Dexue Liu, Zhefeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187495","url":null,"abstract":"Mg-Li alloys are promising candidates for lightweight structural applications owing to their low density and high specific strength; however, their broader use is still constrained by the strength-ductility trade-off. Here, a new cast Mg<strong>–</strong>10.2Li<strong>–</strong>4.56Al<strong>–</strong>1.53Y<strong>–</strong>2.29Gd alloy (wt.%) is developed to address this challenge. Microstructural characterization reveals a hierarchically heterogeneous architecture comprising of microscale Al<sub>2</sub>(Y, Gd) and AlLi particles, submicron Mg<sub>3</sub>Al precipitates, and nanoscale strip-like α-Mg phase containing nanotwins, all embedded within a β-Li matrix. This multiscale microstructure sustains strain hardening and delivers an ultimate tensile strength of 300 MPa and an elongation of 35%, which is exceptional among as-cast Mg<strong>–</strong>Li alloys. These results highlight alloying-enabled hierarchical structural design as a practical pathway toward ultralight, high-performance metallic materials.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanically induced phase transformation in Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals and its correlation with mechanical properties were investigated via a synergistic approach combining nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, and phase-field simulations. The results showed that a pronounced pop-in event in the displacement-load curve of tetragonal-phase specimens, occurring at approximately 75 mN, corresponded to the onset of the tetragonal to rhombohedral (T→R) phase transformation. Further analysis revealed that this T→R transformation was the dominant mechanism underlying the inelastic response during unloading, thereby leading to substantial residual deformation. Moreover, analysis of the indentation size effect (ISE) revealed distinct phase-dependent mechanisms: the ISE in rhombohedral-phase crystals was governed by strain gradient plasticity, whereas in tetragonal-phase crystals, it resulted from the synergistic interplay between strain gradient effects and the stress-induced phase transformation. Finally, phase-field simulations confirmed that the phase transition was driven by plastic deformation and was primarily governed by both normal and shear stress components.
{"title":"Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Phase Transition Behavior in PIN-PMN-PT Single Crystals","authors":"Miao Wang, Weiguang Zhang, Jijun Li, Mingxin Wang, Jiawei Liu, Xueping Zhao, Fengchao Lang, Yongming Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187505","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanically induced phase transformation in Pb(In<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals and its correlation with mechanical properties were investigated via a synergistic approach combining nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, and phase-field simulations. The results showed that a pronounced pop-in event in the displacement-load curve of tetragonal-phase specimens, occurring at approximately 75 mN, corresponded to the onset of the tetragonal to rhombohedral (T→R) phase transformation. Further analysis revealed that this T→R transformation was the dominant mechanism underlying the inelastic response during unloading, thereby leading to substantial residual deformation. Moreover, analysis of the indentation size effect (ISE) revealed distinct phase-dependent mechanisms: the ISE in rhombohedral-phase crystals was governed by strain gradient plasticity, whereas in tetragonal-phase crystals, it resulted from the synergistic interplay between strain gradient effects and the stress-induced phase transformation. Finally, phase-field simulations confirmed that the phase transition was driven by plastic deformation and was primarily governed by both normal and shear stress components.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The resistance to hydrothermal corrosion of 3Y-ZrO2, alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ), and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics were evaluated. The ZTA ceramic, which demonstrated superior hydrothermal corrosion resistance, was determined to be the optimal choice for the shell of the core-shell ceramic, as it effectively enhances the resistance of ZrN. After hydrothermal corrosion in static water at 360℃ and 18.6 MPa for 4 h, the mass loss of ZrN-ZTA core-shell ceramic ranged from 0.046 to 0.059 wt.%. The core-shell ceramics with 22, 44 and 66 vol.% ZrN maintained structural integrity without noticeable disintegration or mass loss. The core-shell ceramics exhibited similar resistance to hydrothermal corrosion as the pure ZTA ceramic. The core-shell ceramics effectively localized the hydrothermal corrosion damage exclusively to the shell, thereby ensuring valid protection of the ZrN core. The core-shell ceramic design developed in this study enhances the hydrothermal corrosion resistance of ZrN, and can provide valuable guidance for improving the hydrothermal corrosion performance of UN fuel in nuclear reactors.
{"title":"Improving the hydrothermal corrosion resistance of ZrN ceramics by ZTA shell design as surrogate for the UN-UO2 core-shell ceramic fuel","authors":"Hong-Lan Liu, Ming-Zhou Chen, Wei-Ming Guo, Lin-Lin Zhu, Qi-Sen Ren, Rong-Kun Yang, Ye-Hong Liao, Hua-Tay Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187501","url":null,"abstract":"The resistance to hydrothermal corrosion of 3Y-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ), and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics were evaluated. The ZTA ceramic, which demonstrated superior hydrothermal corrosion resistance, was determined to be the optimal choice for the shell of the core-shell ceramic, as it effectively enhances the resistance of ZrN. After hydrothermal corrosion in static water at 360℃ and 18.6<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa for 4<!-- --> <!-- -->h, the mass loss of ZrN-ZTA core-shell ceramic ranged from 0.046 to 0.059<!-- --> <!-- -->wt.%. The core-shell ceramics with 22, 44 and 66 vol.% ZrN maintained structural integrity without noticeable disintegration or mass loss. The core-shell ceramics exhibited similar resistance to hydrothermal corrosion as the pure ZTA ceramic. The core-shell ceramics effectively localized the hydrothermal corrosion damage exclusively to the shell, thereby ensuring valid protection of the ZrN core. The core-shell ceramic design developed in this study enhances the hydrothermal corrosion resistance of ZrN, and can provide valuable guidance for improving the hydrothermal corrosion performance of UN fuel in nuclear reactors.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187496
Min Ma, Yun Yang, Xiaomei Jiang, Siping Ji, Xuejun Pan, Fengzhi Jiang
In this paper, we obtained Ag/Bi2O3 composite photocatalyst with porous structure by calcination using metal organic frameworks as precursor and applied it as both persulfate (PS) activator and photocatalyst to remove organic pollutants from water. Under visible light irradiation and PS activation, the Ag/Bi2O3 composite has excellent photocatalytic performance to remove a variety of organic pollutants and has strong detoxification properties. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations showed that the PS activation reaction was mainly carried out with Bi2O3 in Ag/Bi2O3 composites, and Ag/Bi2O3 has a strong adsorption ability to capture 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) at the active site, thus achieving efficient degradation. The reaction mechanism of the Ag/Bi2O3-PS system was proposed based on DFT calculations and free radical trapping experiments. In addition, the prepared Ag/Bi2O3 composites have excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial ability with low cytotoxicity and have efficient EE2 removal rate for the sample from real water bodies. This study provides a promising way for the rational design of multifunctional photo-assisted Fenton-type catalysts with practical applications.
{"title":"Visible light photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants and antibacterial properties of Ag-doped Bi2O3","authors":"Min Ma, Yun Yang, Xiaomei Jiang, Siping Ji, Xuejun Pan, Fengzhi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187496","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we obtained Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite photocatalyst with porous structure by calcination using metal organic frameworks as precursor and applied it as both persulfate (PS) activator and photocatalyst to remove organic pollutants from water. Under visible light irradiation and PS activation, the Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite has excellent photocatalytic performance to remove a variety of organic pollutants and has strong detoxification properties. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations showed that the PS activation reaction was mainly carried out with Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites, and Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has a strong adsorption ability to capture 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) at the active site, thus achieving efficient degradation. The reaction mechanism of the Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PS system was proposed based on DFT calculations and free radical trapping experiments. In addition, the prepared Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites have excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial ability with low cytotoxicity and have efficient EE2 removal rate for the sample from real water bodies. This study provides a promising way for the rational design of multifunctional photo-assisted Fenton-type catalysts with practical applications.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187491
Hao Su, Wenqi Chen, Xiaohui Yang, Shuyan Zhang, Tuo Wang
The insufficient room-temperature plasticity of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has long restricted their structural application potential. In this study, Zr60Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5Ti5 BMG samples were fabricated at varying molten temperatures from 1273 K to 1473 K to tailor their structural heterogeneity and plasticity. As the melt temperature increased from 1273 K to 1323 K, the content of nanocrystals within the BMG sample gradually decreased, while the proportion of the liquid regions with structural inhomogeneity gradually increased. From a macroscopic perspective, this was manifested as the plasticity of the BMG sample increasing from 1.5% to 22.7%. However, when the melt temperature continued to rise to 1473 K, the internal structure of the sample became more uniform, the proportion of the liquid regions decreased, and the macroscopic plasticity of the sample dropped to 0.9%.
{"title":"Tailoring the structural heterogeneity and plasticity of Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Ti bulk metallic glass by controlling the molten temperature","authors":"Hao Su, Wenqi Chen, Xiaohui Yang, Shuyan Zhang, Tuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187491","url":null,"abstract":"The insufficient room-temperature plasticity of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has long restricted their structural application potential. In this study, Zr<sub>60</sub>Cu<sub>17.5</sub>Ni<sub>10</sub>Al<sub>7.5</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub> BMG samples were fabricated at varying molten temperatures from 1273<!-- --> <!-- -->K to 1473<!-- --> <!-- -->K to tailor their structural heterogeneity and plasticity. As the melt temperature increased from 1273<!-- --> <!-- -->K to 1323<!-- --> <!-- -->K, the content of nanocrystals within the BMG sample gradually decreased, while the proportion of the liquid regions with structural inhomogeneity gradually increased. From a macroscopic perspective, this was manifested as the plasticity of the BMG sample increasing from 1.5% to 22.7%. However, when the melt temperature continued to rise to 1473<!-- --> <!-- -->K, the internal structure of the sample became more uniform, the proportion of the liquid regions decreased, and the macroscopic plasticity of the sample dropped to 0.9%.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-strength aluminum alloys often experience strength degradation at medium and high temperatures due to the rapid coarsening of nano-precipitates, which limits their application. The current research has enhanced the thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mn-Ni alloy through a high density of θ' precipitates, T-Al20Cu2Mn3, Al7Cu4Ni, Al3(Cu, Mn)2 intermetallics and dispersoids. Small amounts of Sc, Zr, and Ti are added to form multiple interface structures, including core-shell L12-ordered Al3(Sc, Zr, Ti) dispersoids and a newly identified Al3(Ti, Mn) particles associated with θ' plates. L12-ordered core-shell dispersoids significantly refine θ' plates by acting as preferential nucleation sites for the L12/matrix interfaces and segregation of Sc, Zr, Ti, Mn, and Ni at the θ'/matrix interface is observed in the T6-treated alloy. Thermal stability of the Al-6Cu-0.5Mn-2Ni-0.4Zr-0.2Ti-0.25Sc alloy is studied at 250°C and 300°C. The peak hardness of the alloy is ~ 146 HV, with only a 23% reduction in hardness observed after 100 h of exposure at 300 oC. The modified Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) model indicates a significantly lower coarsening rate for θ' plates in the alloy being 103 times lower for length and 102 times lower for thickness compared to heat-resistant Al-Cu alloys reported in the literature. The low coarsening rate is attributed to the presence of multiple solute segregation layers around θ' plates that inhibit Cu diffusion, slowing the coarsening of θ' precipitates. This study demonstrates that multiple solute additions effectively enhance the thermal stability of the main strengthening precipitates during thermal exposure, a promising approach for developing heat-resistant engineering alloys.
{"title":"Using the synergistic role of intermetallics and multiple solute segregation at θ' interfaces to stabilise the microstructure of Al-Cu-Mn-Ni-X alloy at elevated temperatures","authors":"Diya Mukherjee, Rajdeep Sarkar, Himadri Roy, Dong Qiu, Shivam Kumar, Nilrudra Mandal, Manidipto Mukherjee, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Mark Easton","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187509","url":null,"abstract":"High-strength aluminum alloys often experience strength degradation at medium and high temperatures due to the rapid coarsening of nano-precipitates, which limits their application. The current research has enhanced the thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mn-Ni alloy through a high density of θ<sup><strong>'</strong></sup> precipitates, T-Al<sub>20</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>3</sub>, Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>Ni, Al<sub>3</sub>(Cu, Mn)<sub>2</sub> intermetallics and dispersoids. Small amounts of Sc, Zr, and Ti are added to form multiple interface structures, including core-shell L1<sub>2</sub>-ordered Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr, Ti) dispersoids and a newly identified Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti, Mn) particles associated with θ<sup><strong>'</strong></sup> plates. L1<sub>2</sub>-ordered core-shell dispersoids significantly refine θ' plates by acting as preferential nucleation sites for the L1<sub>2</sub>/matrix interfaces and segregation of Sc, Zr, Ti, Mn, and Ni at the θ<sup><strong>'</strong></sup>/matrix interface is observed in the T6-treated alloy. Thermal stability of the Al-6Cu-0.5Mn-2Ni-0.4Zr-0.2Ti-0.25Sc alloy is studied at 250°C and 300°C. The peak hardness of the alloy is ~ 146 HV, with only a 23% reduction in hardness observed after 100<!-- --> <!-- -->h of exposure at 300<!-- --> <sup>o</sup>C. The modified Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) model indicates a significantly lower coarsening rate for θ<sup><strong>'</strong></sup> plates in the alloy being 10<sup>3</sup> times lower for length and 10<sup>2</sup> times lower for thickness compared to heat-resistant Al-Cu alloys reported in the literature. The low coarsening rate is attributed to the presence of multiple solute segregation layers around θ<sup><strong>'</strong></sup> plates that inhibit Cu diffusion, slowing the coarsening of θ<sup><strong>'</strong></sup> precipitates. This study demonstrates that multiple solute additions effectively enhance the thermal stability of the main strengthening precipitates during thermal exposure, a promising approach for developing heat-resistant engineering alloys.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187476
Syeda Mahnoor Fatima, Fayaz Hussain, Yasemin Tabak, Muhammad Fahad Riaz, İsmail Yıldız, Atilla Evcin, Ahmad Azmin Mohamad, Adil Alshoaibi, Nourah Fahad Almuhawish
The synthesis and investigation of tungsten bronze ceramics K3Bi3-xNaxMg2Fe5-xNbxO15 (KBNMFN) (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) done through the cold sintering process at 150 °C and using different characterisation techniques. X-ray diffraction revealed single-phase formation with composition-dependent structural evolution, where the un-doped composition showed tetragonal crystal structure, while Na+/Nb5+ co-doped samples showed symmetry changes to P213, P4332, orthorhombic P21nb, and orthorhombic Pmmm space groups. Scanning electron microscopy showed very fine grain morphology due to cold sintering at lower temperature. Density measurements confirmed relative densities observed around ~90% for all compositions. Dielectric properties showed high permittivity during heating (εᵣ ≈ 50–431) with higher dielectric loss (tan δ ≈ 0.45–3.82), followed by stable dielectric values during cooling with εᵣ ≈ 11.9–55.2 and tan δ ≤ 0.07. Moreover, dielectric loss reduced with addition of Na+/Nb5+ co-doping. Magnetic measurements revealed superparamagnetic-like behavior with low coercivity, where the highest saturation magnetization of ~9.03 emu/gm and coercivity of ~95 Oe were obtained for x = 1. The all results indicate that co-doping and cold sintering play a key role in controlling the structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of this tungsten bronze system (KBNMFN).
{"title":"Cold-Sintered K 3 Bi 3-x Na x Mg 2 Fe 5-x Nb x O 15 Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Ceramics: Structure, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties","authors":"Syeda Mahnoor Fatima, Fayaz Hussain, Yasemin Tabak, Muhammad Fahad Riaz, İsmail Yıldız, Atilla Evcin, Ahmad Azmin Mohamad, Adil Alshoaibi, Nourah Fahad Almuhawish","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187476","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis and investigation of tungsten bronze ceramics K<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>3-x</sub>Na<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>5-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>O<sub>15</sub> (KBNMFN) (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) done through the cold sintering process at 150 °C and using different characterisation techniques. X-ray diffraction revealed single-phase formation with composition-dependent structural evolution, where the un-doped composition showed tetragonal crystal structure, while Na<sup>+</sup>/Nb<sup>5+</sup> co-doped samples showed symmetry changes to P213, P4332, orthorhombic P21nb, and orthorhombic Pmmm space groups. Scanning electron microscopy showed very fine grain morphology due to cold sintering at lower temperature. Density measurements confirmed relative densities observed around ~90% for all compositions. Dielectric properties showed high permittivity during heating (εᵣ ≈ 50–431) with higher dielectric loss (tan δ ≈ 0.45–3.82), followed by stable dielectric values during cooling with εᵣ ≈ 11.9–55.2 and tan δ ≤ 0.07. Moreover, dielectric loss reduced with addition of Na<sup>+</sup>/Nb<sup>5+</sup> co-doping. Magnetic measurements revealed superparamagnetic-like behavior with low coercivity, where the highest saturation magnetization of ~9.03<!-- --> <!-- -->emu/gm and coercivity of ~95<!-- --> <!-- -->Oe were obtained for x = 1. The all results indicate that co-doping and cold sintering play a key role in controlling the structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of this tungsten bronze system (KBNMFN).","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, renewable biomass fuels have emerged as important precursors for the green synthesis of nano-metal oxides, owing to their inherent reducing, complexing, and structure-directing capabilities. However, the intrinsic correlation between the evolution of complexation of the precursors, the behavior of the combustion reaction, and the formation of surface defects when using biomass fuel remains unclear. This complicates the precise control of the particle size, crystal phase, and defect structure of nano-metal oxides, thereby limiting their applications in the antimicrobial and biomedical fields. This study systematically investigated the effects of biomass fuel systems on the microstructure and antimicrobial performance of MgO nanoparticles. Defect-rich MgO-lemon nanoparticles synthesized via a green route using lemon extract exhibited a small microcrystalline size (~11 nm), a large specific surface area (~74.3 m2/g), and a large proportion of surface-related oxygen species (76.19%). Correspondingly, MgO-lemon exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties, achieving inhibition rates exceeding 99.99% against E. coli (Gram-negative) and 99.66% against S. aureus (Gram-positive) at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL. Cytotoxicity Assay demonstrated that MgO-lemon nanoparticles exhibited excellent biocompatibility with osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), achieving a cell viability of 99.80% at 25 μg/mL. Additionally, this study systematically clarifies the role of biomass fuel systems in regulating the surface defect structures of MgO nanoparticles, and elucidates their underlying antimicrobial mechanisms. These results establish a scientific foundation for the environmentally friendly, controllable synthesis of defect-rich oxide nanomaterials, offering a sustainable method for developing high-performance functional oxides.
{"title":"Biomass fuel assisted green synthesis of defect-rich MgO nanoparticles for antibacterial and biocompatibility studies","authors":"Ziyang Yin, Lujun Yang, Hongxia Wang, Zhuolin Liu, Pengtao Wang, Haojie Sun, Xiaohui Lu, Yihan Wang, Jialiang Kang, Chengliang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187464","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, renewable biomass fuels have emerged as important precursors for the green synthesis of nano-metal oxides, owing to their inherent reducing, complexing, and structure-directing capabilities. However, the intrinsic correlation between the evolution of complexation of the precursors, the behavior of the combustion reaction, and the formation of surface defects when using biomass fuel remains unclear. This complicates the precise control of the particle size, crystal phase, and defect structure of nano-metal oxides, thereby limiting their applications in the antimicrobial and biomedical fields. This study systematically investigated the effects of biomass fuel systems on the microstructure and antimicrobial performance of MgO nanoparticles. Defect-rich MgO-lemon nanoparticles synthesized via a green route using lemon extract exhibited a small microcrystalline size (~11<!-- --> <!-- -->nm), a large specific surface area (~74.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g), and a large proportion of surface-related oxygen species (76.19%). Correspondingly, MgO-lemon exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties, achieving inhibition rates exceeding 99.99% against <em>E. coli</em> (Gram-negative) and 99.66% against <em>S. aureus</em> (Gram-positive) at a concentration of 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL. Cytotoxicity Assay demonstrated that MgO-lemon nanoparticles exhibited excellent biocompatibility with osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), achieving a cell viability of 99.80% at 25<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/mL. Additionally, this study systematically clarifies the role of biomass fuel systems in regulating the surface defect structures of MgO nanoparticles, and elucidates their underlying antimicrobial mechanisms. These results establish a scientific foundation for the environmentally friendly, controllable synthesis of defect-rich oxide nanomaterials, offering a sustainable method for developing high-performance functional oxides.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：