Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.276-291
G.V. Shevchenko, D.M. Lozhkin
The aim of the work was to conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the waters of the Tatar Strait based on satellite data accumulated in the Sakhalin branch of VNIRO using the TeraScan receiving station for 1998‒2021. It was revealed that in different seasons of the year the SST structure is similar and characterized by the highest values in the southeast and the lowest in the northwest of the strait. An important new result was obtained by expanding of the SST field in terms of the EOF, which is associated with a sharp change in the nature of the time function of the third mode, which occurred in 2013–2014. Such changes can be considered as a climatic shift in the studied area most pronounced in the northwestern part of the strait and near the southwestern coast of Sakhalin Island, where the change was about 1 °C. This circumstance can have a noticeable effect on the state of populations of several species of shrimp and commercial fish.
{"title":"Сезонные и межгодовые вариации температуры поверхности моря в Татарском проливе по спутниковым данным","authors":"G.V. Shevchenko, D.M. Lozhkin","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.276-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.276-291","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the waters of the Tatar Strait based on satellite data accumulated in the Sakhalin branch of VNIRO using the TeraScan receiving station for 1998‒2021. It was revealed that in different seasons of the year the SST structure is similar and characterized by the highest values in the southeast and the lowest in the northwest of the strait. An important new result was obtained by expanding of the SST field in terms of the EOF, which is associated with a sharp change in the nature of the time function of the third mode, which occurred in 2013–2014. Such changes can be considered as a climatic shift in the studied area most pronounced in the northwestern part of the strait and near the southwestern coast of Sakhalin Island, where the change was about 1 °C. This circumstance can have a noticeable effect on the state of populations of several species of shrimp and commercial fish.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.075-085
T. Mingaleva, S. Shakuro, N. Senchina, A. Egorov
The information on geological structure as well as on the degree of contamination and geometrical parameters of a pollutant in oil-contaminated areas is necessary for risk assessment, planning of oil products recovery and territory remediation. Geophysical methods are actively used for solving such problems. The work considers the site on the Volga River bank, where soils are contaminated with petroleum products. The aim of the work is to delineate the distribution area of petroleum products. In order to achieve the goal, the set of near-surface geophysical methods (vertical electric sounding, seismic survey) and gas geochemistry were implemented. The results of a new approach to characterization of contaminated sites by RGB-data synthesis have been demonstrated as one of the ways of data interpretation. The method is based on the generalization of the available materials by optically mixing of the data of three spatially distributed characteristics presented in the form of three channels – red, green, and blue – for the purpose of localizing the lenses of gravity-mobile and immobilized oil products. According to the results of the qualitative interpretation of geophysical information, the authors have built a scheme with the proposed contour of oil products distribution in the studied territory. The proposed method can be used for the delineation of oil spills along with the sufficient information obtained by geophysical or other methods (at least three) at the stage of determining the spread of contamination for the sites. This approach can speed up the interpretation process, as such maps overlaying sets the color distribution of different petrophysical characteristics of the soils for the selected depth level, and also eases the task of determination of coordinates when correlating various anomalies, identified by different methods.
{"title":"Application of RGB-synthesis for complex interpretation of geophysical data in the study of areas contaminated by oil products","authors":"T. Mingaleva, S. Shakuro, N. Senchina, A. Egorov","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.075-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.075-085","url":null,"abstract":"The information on geological structure as well as on the degree of contamination and geometrical parameters of a pollutant in oil-contaminated areas is necessary for risk assessment, planning of oil products recovery and territory remediation. Geophysical methods are actively used for solving such problems. The work considers the site on the Volga River bank, where soils are contaminated with petroleum products. The aim of the work is to delineate the distribution area of petroleum products. In order to achieve the goal, the set of near-surface geophysical methods (vertical electric sounding, seismic survey) and gas geochemistry were implemented. The results of a new approach to characterization of contaminated sites by RGB-data synthesis have been demonstrated as one of the ways of data interpretation. The method is based on the generalization of the available materials by optically mixing of the data of three spatially distributed characteristics presented in the form of three channels – red, green, and blue – for the purpose of localizing the lenses of gravity-mobile and immobilized oil products. According to the results of the qualitative interpretation of geophysical information, the authors have built a scheme with the proposed contour of oil products distribution in the studied territory. The proposed method can be used for the delineation of oil spills along with the sufficient information obtained by geophysical or other methods (at least three) at the stage of determining the spread of contamination for the sites. This approach can speed up the interpretation process, as such maps overlaying sets the color distribution of different petrophysical characteristics of the soils for the selected depth level, and also eases the task of determination of coordinates when correlating various anomalies, identified by different methods.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69579305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the results of complex geological and geophysical studies of the deep structure of the seabed along the profiles “Magadan – Southern Kurils” (2-DV-M), “Shantar Islands – Northern Kurils” (1-OM) and “Cape Billings – Outer Continental Shelf Limits” (5-AR), carried out in 2006–2009 within the framework of the State program of expeditionary works on substantiation of national sovereignty over the continental shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk and East Siberian Sea. The main executors were the staff of the V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of FEB RAS and Federal State Unitary Scientific and Production Company (FSUSPC) Sevmorgeo. A special role was assigned to gas-geochemical studies with the purpose to establish regional background and anomalous gas fields to assess prospects for oil, gas and gas hydrates. As a result of complex geological and geophysical expeditions led by A.A. Merezhko (Sevmorgeo) in the Sea of Okhotsk, it was established that the enclave outside the 200-mile zone in the central part of the water area does not differ in geological structure from the adjacent parts and is a natural continuation of the framing geological structures of the basement. The evidence obtained was sufficient to successfully justify the application to the UN. On March 11, 2014, after careful consideration of the application and draft recommendations, the enclave of international waters in the Sea of Okhotsk was legally assigned to the Russian Federation. Studies in the East Siberian Sea have provided a huge amount of data on lithology, geochemistry and gas potential of bottom sediments in this area.
{"title":"Complex geological and geophysical studies on substantiation of the outer limits of the Russian continental shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk and East Siberian Sea (2006–2009): Review","authors":"R.B. Shakirov, E.V. Maltseva, A.L. Venikova, N.L. Sokolova, A.I. Gresov","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.264-275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.264-275","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the results of complex geological and geophysical studies of the deep structure of the seabed along the profiles “Magadan – Southern Kurils” (2-DV-M), “Shantar Islands – Northern Kurils” (1-OM) and “Cape Billings – Outer Continental Shelf Limits” (5-AR), carried out in 2006–2009 within the framework of the State program of expeditionary works on substantiation of national sovereignty over the continental shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk and East Siberian Sea. The main executors were the staff of the V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of FEB RAS and Federal State Unitary Scientific and Production Company (FSUSPC) Sevmorgeo. A special role was assigned to gas-geochemical studies with the purpose to establish regional background and anomalous gas fields to assess prospects for oil, gas and gas hydrates. As a result of complex geological and geophysical expeditions led by A.A. Merezhko (Sevmorgeo) in the Sea of Okhotsk, it was established that the enclave outside the 200-mile zone in the central part of the water area does not differ in geological structure from the adjacent parts and is a natural continuation of the framing geological structures of the basement. The evidence obtained was sufficient to successfully justify the application to the UN. On March 11, 2014, after careful consideration of the application and draft recommendations, the enclave of international waters in the Sea of Okhotsk was legally assigned to the Russian Federation. Studies in the East Siberian Sea have provided a huge amount of data on lithology, geochemistry and gas potential of bottom sediments in this area.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.243-263
M.F. Krutenko, V.I. Isaev, G. Lobova
This paper presents the results of applying paleotemperature modelling for determination possible sources, which form hydrocarbon deposits in the pre-Jurassic basement in the southeast of Western Siberia. Discovery of light oil deposits below the depth of 7000 m in the Tarim basin indicates the possibility of existence favourable temperature regime for generation and conservation of hydrocarbon deposits even at such great depths. According to some estimates about 40 % of the total proved oil and gas reserves in the world are distributed in the superdeep strata. Russian scientists also have extensive prospects for the Paleozoic sedimentary basins of Western Siberian Plate. These basins formed on betwixt mountains, where favourable environment for accumulation of dispersed organic matter and its transformation into hydrocarbons persisted for a long geological time. There are two concepts of “the main source” for oil accumulated in the Paleozoic reservoirs. The first suggests deposit formation via upward migration, while the second supports the idea of downward interstratal migration of hydrocarbons from the Jurassic source rocks. The aim of this study is to determine possible sources for the Paleozoic hydrocarbon deposits in the Urman field via modelling of thermal history of the Phanerozoic oil-source rocks. The first experience of performing such research is related to the Ostanino group of fields. The research is continued for the Chuzic-Chizhapka group of fields, which is located on the tectonic unit of the same name. Both groups are associated with the Nyurol sedimentary basin. It was found that the Paleozoic reservoir of the Urman field accumulates partially preserved gas generated by the Paleozoic source-rocks and oil representing a mixture of the Jurassic oil of marine and terrigenous origin.
{"title":"The Paleozoic oil in the Urman field (the southeast of Western Siberia)","authors":"M.F. Krutenko, V.I. Isaev, G. Lobova","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.243-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.243-263","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of applying paleotemperature modelling for determination possible sources, which form hydrocarbon deposits in the pre-Jurassic basement in the southeast of Western Siberia. Discovery of light oil deposits below the depth of 7000 m in the Tarim basin indicates the possibility of existence favourable temperature regime for generation and conservation of hydrocarbon deposits even at such great depths. According to some estimates about 40 % of the total proved oil and gas reserves in the world are distributed in the superdeep strata. Russian scientists also have extensive prospects for the Paleozoic sedimentary basins of Western Siberian Plate. These basins formed on betwixt mountains, where favourable environment for accumulation of dispersed organic matter and its transformation into hydrocarbons persisted for a long geological time. There are two concepts of “the main source” for oil accumulated in the Paleozoic reservoirs. The first suggests deposit formation via upward migration, while the second supports the idea of downward interstratal migration of hydrocarbons from the Jurassic source rocks. The aim of this study is to determine possible sources for the Paleozoic hydrocarbon deposits in the Urman field via modelling of thermal history of the Phanerozoic oil-source rocks. The first experience of performing such research is related to the Ostanino group of fields. The research is continued for the Chuzic-Chizhapka group of fields, which is located on the tectonic unit of the same name. Both groups are associated with the Nyurol sedimentary basin. It was found that the Paleozoic reservoir of the Urman field accumulates partially preserved gas generated by the Paleozoic source-rocks and oil representing a mixture of the Jurassic oil of marine and terrigenous origin.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.2.175-179
M. A. Mishchenko, I. Larionov, V.A. Vas'kin
Special systems for recording deflections are used, when carrying out the works on three-point bending and destruction of specimens made of different geomaterials. The authors developed an off-contact recording system based on an available optical sensor in order to resolve this problem. The system was tested during the bending tests of various materials. The obtained system is sensitive enough and is an inexpensive analogue of such systems in the market.
{"title":"Optical system for recording specimen deflection in bending tests","authors":"M. A. Mishchenko, I. Larionov, V.A. Vas'kin","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.2.175-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.2.175-179","url":null,"abstract":"Special systems for recording deflections are used, when carrying out the works on three-point bending and destruction of specimens made of different geomaterials. The authors developed an off-contact recording system based on an available optical sensor in order to resolve this problem. The system was tested during the bending tests of various materials. The obtained system is sensitive enough and is an inexpensive analogue of such systems in the market.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69578926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.054-064.064-074
A. Zakupin, N. V. Kostyleva, D. Kostylev
The results of an experiment on the implementation of operational analysis of Sakhalin seismicity by the LURR method of medium-term earthquake prediction are presented. Monitoring began in 2022 on the basis of the LURR parameter calculations based on 2019–2021 seismic data. The island territory is divided into 36 calculated areas, which evenly cover it in increments of 0.5 degree in latitude and longitude. Prediction zones for this period are constructed, including those calculated areas in which anomalies of the LURR parameter have been detected. During 2022, information about new anomalies and prediction zones was added quarterly. The main objective of the experiment is to test the work with data in quasi-real time mode and to check the quality of solving the procedural issues related to prediction from the approval stage to the completion one. In the period of 2019–2022, 25 anomalies of the prediction parameter were detected. In the retrospective database (from 2019 to 2021), two prediction zones were identified in 2020 (consisting of 9 and 4 calculation areas, respectively). Two more prediction zones were formed in 2022 (3 and 6 calculation areas). Predictions with the definition of time, place and strength were approved for three prediction zones at the meetings of the Sakhalin Branch of the Russian Expert Council on Emergency Situations (SB REC). During 2022, two out of three predictions were recognized as realized. In the fourth zone, the prediction was realized, but an earthquake with the required parameters has occurred after the definition of the zone within a quarter, i.e. both the prediction zone and its implementation were simultaneously recorded, already after the fact (data processing is carried out once a quarter). In this case, the forecast is not recognized as either a missed goal or realized in real time (retrospectively, this is a successful forecast), but it is procedurally defined as a technical omission. As of the beginning of 2023, there is one active prediction zone in the north of the island. The experiment continues.
{"title":"From retrospective to real-time system – LURR earthquake prediction on Sakhalin (2019–2022)","authors":"A. Zakupin, N. V. Kostyleva, D. Kostylev","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.054-064.064-074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.054-064.064-074","url":null,"abstract":"The results of an experiment on the implementation of operational analysis of Sakhalin seismicity by the LURR method of medium-term earthquake prediction are presented. Monitoring began in 2022 on the basis of the LURR parameter calculations based on 2019–2021 seismic data. The island territory is divided into 36 calculated areas, which evenly cover it in increments of 0.5 degree in latitude and longitude. Prediction zones for this period are constructed, including those calculated areas in which anomalies of the LURR parameter have been detected. During 2022, information about new anomalies and prediction zones was added quarterly. The main objective of the experiment is to test the work with data in quasi-real time mode and to check the quality of solving the procedural issues related to prediction from the approval stage to the completion one. In the period of 2019–2022, 25 anomalies of the prediction parameter were detected. In the retrospective database (from 2019 to 2021), two prediction zones were identified in 2020 (consisting of 9 and 4 calculation areas, respectively). Two more prediction zones were formed in 2022 (3 and 6 calculation areas). Predictions with the definition of time, place and strength were approved for three prediction zones at the meetings of the Sakhalin Branch of the Russian Expert Council on Emergency Situations (SB REC). During 2022, two out of three predictions were recognized as realized. In the fourth zone, the prediction was realized, but an earthquake with the required parameters has occurred after the definition of the zone within a quarter, i.e. both the prediction zone and its implementation were simultaneously recorded, already after the fact (data processing is carried out once a quarter). In this case, the forecast is not recognized as either a missed goal or realized in real time (retrospectively, this is a successful forecast), but it is procedurally defined as a technical omission. As of the beginning of 2023, there is one active prediction zone in the north of the island. The experiment continues.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69579273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.2.212-218
A. Degterev, M. Chibisova
The first information about the eruption of Chikurachki volcano in 2023 (Paramushir Island, Northern Kuril Islands) obtained on the basis of satellite and visual data is presented. In the period from January 28 to February 8, 2023, another explosive eruption of Chikurachki volcano, which in its nature was similar to the previous five episodes of explosive activity of the volcano that occurred throughout 2022. The volcano activity was characterized by the manifestation of moderate volcanic activity: both separate explosions and phases of a relatively calm and prolonged (several hours) emission of an ash-gas mixture were observed. In total, in the period from January 28 to February 8 of 2023, eight ejections were recorded at a height of 2.5 to 4.5 km a.s.l. Ash plumes were directed mainly to the east and northeast, their length was 100–155 km. Given the high activity and explosive nature of the activities of Chikurachki volcano in recent years, during which extended ash plumes form, the volcano is potentially dangerous for international and local airlines.
{"title":"Explosive activity of Chikurachki volcano in January–February of 2023 (Paramushir Island, Northern Kuril Islands)","authors":"A. Degterev, M. Chibisova","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.2.212-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.2.212-218","url":null,"abstract":"The first information about the eruption of Chikurachki volcano in 2023 (Paramushir Island, Northern Kuril Islands) obtained on the basis of satellite and visual data is presented. In the period from January 28 to February 8, 2023, another explosive eruption of Chikurachki volcano, which in its nature was similar to the previous five episodes of explosive activity of the volcano that occurred throughout 2022. The volcano activity was characterized by the manifestation of moderate volcanic activity: both separate explosions and phases of a relatively calm and prolonged (several hours) emission of an ash-gas mixture were observed. In total, in the period from January 28 to February 8 of 2023, eight ejections were recorded at a height of 2.5 to 4.5 km a.s.l. Ash plumes were directed mainly to the east and northeast, their length was 100–155 km. Given the high activity and explosive nature of the activities of Chikurachki volcano in recent years, during which extended ash plumes form, the volcano is potentially dangerous for international and local airlines.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69579469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.005-024
G. Ustyugov, V. Ershov
In this work, the influence of various cosmic factors (gravitational influence of the Moon and the Sun, solar activity, the Earth’s rotation) on mud volcanic activity was analyzed for the first time. The analysis was carried out mainly on the example of mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, for which there is the largest and most complete catalog of eruptions (431 events over almost 210 years). It has been found that the activity of mud volcanoes can increase after syzygial tides, when the Earth is in line with the Moon and the Sun (their tidal forces are summed up in this case). The response of mud volcanoes to the tidal influence of the Moon is delayed by 5–10 days. It is also found that the number of mud volcanic eruptions is distributed unevenly throughout the year with maximums in March–June and September–October. The presence of these maximums may be due to a change in the distance between the Sun and the Earth and variations in solar tidal forces during the periods of perihelion and aphelion. At the same time, the response of mud volcanoes to the tidal influence of the Sun is delayed by several months and is quite strongly extended in time. It was revealed that there are fluctuations in mud volcanic activity with a period of 14–20 years, which do not coincide with the cycles of solar activity (with periods of 11 and 22 years), although some researchers talk about a connection between solar and mud volcanic activity. It is possible that the indicated fluctuations in mud volcanic activity are related to the main harmonic of the Earth’s nutation (18.6 years). It is shown that the maximum number of mud volcanoes on the Earth falls on the latitudinal belts of 30–45° N and 10–15° N (about 22 and 46 % of the total number of volcanoes, respectively). In the southern hemisphere, the largest number of volcanoes (about 3 % of their total number) is located within the boundaries of 5–10° S.
{"title":"Influence of cosmic factors on mud volcanic activity of the Earth","authors":"G. Ustyugov, V. Ershov","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.005-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.005-024","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the influence of various cosmic factors (gravitational influence of the Moon and the Sun, solar activity, the Earth’s rotation) on mud volcanic activity was analyzed for the first time. The analysis was carried out mainly on the example of mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, for which there is the largest and most complete catalog of eruptions (431 events over almost 210 years). It has been found that the activity of mud volcanoes can increase after syzygial tides, when the Earth is in line with the Moon and the Sun (their tidal forces are summed up in this case). The response of mud volcanoes to the tidal influence of the Moon is delayed by 5–10 days. It is also found that the number of mud volcanic eruptions is distributed unevenly throughout the year with maximums in March–June and September–October. The presence of these maximums may be due to a change in the distance between the Sun and the Earth and variations in solar tidal forces during the periods of perihelion and aphelion. At the same time, the response of mud volcanoes to the tidal influence of the Sun is delayed by several months and is quite strongly extended in time. It was revealed that there are fluctuations in mud volcanic activity with a period of 14–20 years, which do not coincide with the cycles of solar activity (with periods of 11 and 22 years), although some researchers talk about a connection between solar and mud volcanic activity. It is possible that the indicated fluctuations in mud volcanic activity are related to the main harmonic of the Earth’s nutation (18.6 years). It is shown that the maximum number of mud volcanoes on the Earth falls on the latitudinal belts of 30–45° N and 10–15° N (about 22 and 46 % of the total number of volcanoes, respectively). In the southern hemisphere, the largest number of volcanoes (about 3 % of their total number) is located within the boundaries of 5–10° S.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69579229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.1.086-094
V.V. Rusinovich, L.E. Rusinovich
This article presents the results of adapting the U-net convolutional neural network to solving the problem of tracing fault surfaces on 3D seismic cubes. Fault mapping is one of the stages of interpretation of the results of using the seismic methods of field geophysical work. The interpretation results are used to build structural frameworks of geological models, plan field development strategies, assess the hydrodynamic connectivity of reservoirs, plan well locations, their number, etc. The developed neural network algorithm, which uses computer vision algorithms, can significantly increase the speed of faults detection and reduce risk of skipping faults in interpretation process. The problems of using a neural network trained on a synthetic data set for solving practical problems are also considered. Methods for increasing reliability of seismic interpretation are proposed. In particular, by calculating and subsequent processing with neural network an additional volume of the coherence attribute. As a result of the study, a positive conclusion on the applicability of convolutional neural networks for solving problems of tracing fault surfaces is given.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.223-242
N.A. Sycheva
Seismotectonic deformations (STD) of the Earth’s crust in the Altai-Sayan mountain region were studied. The STD calculation was performed on the basis of the approaches proposed in the works of Yu.V. Riznichenko and S.L. Yunga. Estimation of seismicity distribution and calculation of the average annual STD velocity (STD intensity) IƩ were made on the basis of the catalog of earthquakes that occurred in 1997–2020 (15 669 seismic events). Areas of manifestation of intense seismotectonic deformations and seismic activity are identified. A high level of seismicity and the average annual STD velocity (10–7 year–1) is noted in the areas where strong seismic events occurred (Chuya earthquake on September 27, 2003, Tuva earthquakes on December 27, 2011 and February 26, 2012). The study of STD directionality is based on data on the focal mechanisms of earthquake sources (591 events) that occurred from 1963 to 2021. The classification of STD modes was used to construct the STD map. According to the STD maps, the direction of the shortening axes was determined, which changes from west to east from northwest to northeast. The study area is characterized by a variety of deformation conditions: compression, transpression, strike-slip, transtension, tension, etc. Based on the averaged strain tensors, the distributions of the Lode–Nadai coefficient, angle of generalized plane strain, and vertical component are calculated and plotted. The zones where various modes of deformation, such as simple compression, the predominance of simple compression, shear, the predominance of simple tension and simple tension are manifested, are distinguished in the study area. Both uplift and subsidence of the Earth’s crust are noted in the study area depending on the deformation mode.
{"title":"Study of seismotectonic deformations of the Earth’s crust in the Altai-Sayan mountain region. Part I","authors":"N.A. Sycheva","doi":"10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.223-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2023.7.3.223-242","url":null,"abstract":"Seismotectonic deformations (STD) of the Earth’s crust in the Altai-Sayan mountain region were studied. The STD calculation was performed on the basis of the approaches proposed in the works of Yu.V. Riznichenko and S.L. Yunga. Estimation of seismicity distribution and calculation of the average annual STD velocity (STD intensity) IƩ were made on the basis of the catalog of earthquakes that occurred in 1997–2020 (15 669 seismic events). Areas of manifestation of intense seismotectonic deformations and seismic activity are identified. A high level of seismicity and the average annual STD velocity (10–7 year–1) is noted in the areas where strong seismic events occurred (Chuya earthquake on September 27, 2003, Tuva earthquakes on December 27, 2011 and February 26, 2012). The study of STD directionality is based on data on the focal mechanisms of earthquake sources (591 events) that occurred from 1963 to 2021. The classification of STD modes was used to construct the STD map. According to the STD maps, the direction of the shortening axes was determined, which changes from west to east from northwest to northeast. The study area is characterized by a variety of deformation conditions: compression, transpression, strike-slip, transtension, tension, etc. Based on the averaged strain tensors, the distributions of the Lode–Nadai coefficient, angle of generalized plane strain, and vertical component are calculated and plotted. The zones where various modes of deformation, such as simple compression, the predominance of simple compression, shear, the predominance of simple tension and simple tension are manifested, are distinguished in the study area. Both uplift and subsidence of the Earth’s crust are noted in the study area depending on the deformation mode.","PeriodicalId":34500,"journal":{"name":"Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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