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2023 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, Embedded and Secure Systems (ACCESS)最新文献

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Design and Implementation of 1KB SRAM array in 45 nm Technology for Low-Power Applications 45纳米低功耗1KB SRAM阵列的设计与实现
Aruru Sai Kumar, K. N. Rao, A. Sujith, T. Dhanuja, M. Venkata, Sai Vinay
Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is a critical component of digital circuits as it is used for high-speed data storage and retrieval. The 6T SRAM cell is a popular type of SRAM cell, which is widely used in various electronic devices such as microprocessors, DSP, and FPGA applications. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the 6T SRAM cell. We discuss the working principle of the 6T SRAM cell, its design considerations, and performance analysis.The primary objective of the study is to develop a memory array that consumes minimal power, has low leakage, and is compact in size. The array has a 1024-bit capacity, and read and write operations’ power requirements have been extensively investigated. The power consumption during read and write operations of proposed 1KB SRAM array structure is 50.46 µW and 410 µW, respectively. The paper highlights the importance of power dissipation in CMOS-based SRAM arrays and compares the performance attributes of the proposed array with those of previous works. The operation of a 45 nm 6T SRAM memory cell was validated using the Cadence Virtuoso tool.
静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)是数字电路的重要组成部分,用于高速数据存储和检索。6T SRAM单元是一种流行的SRAM单元类型,广泛应用于各种电子设备,如微处理器,DSP和FPGA应用。在本文中,我们对6T SRAM单元进行了详细的分析。我们讨论了6T SRAM单元的工作原理、设计考虑和性能分析。该研究的主要目标是开发一种功耗最小、泄漏低、尺寸紧凑的存储阵列。该阵列的容量为1024位,并且对读写操作的功率需求进行了广泛的研究。所提出的1KB SRAM阵列结构的读写功耗分别为50.46µW和410µW。本文强调了功耗在基于cmos的SRAM阵列中的重要性,并将所提出的SRAM阵列的性能属性与以往的工作进行了比较。使用Cadence Virtuoso工具验证了45 nm 6T SRAM存储单元的操作。
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引用次数: 0
New All Optical Shift Register using Nonlinear Structure 新型非线性结构全光移位寄存器
S. Mahanty, Ajay Kumar, R. Choudhary, Amit Prakash, Ajay Yadav, Raj Ranjan
The design of an all-optical sequential circuit is one of the significant features of high-speed and fast-switching communication systems. Combinational and sequential logic circuits are both included in a real-world digital system. Thus, we cannot undervalue the significance of sequential logic circuits. Implementation of all-optical sequential circuits includes some great returns e.g. compact design, signal security, low electromagnetic interference, and larger bandwidth, etc. Here this paper displays the efficient application of micro-ring resonators to implement shift registers in the optical domain. The projected design is based on the Delay flip-flop which works on the principle of MRR switching activity. The necessary MATLAB simulated output of the suggested design is included in the study.
全光顺序电路的设计是高速、快速交换通信系统的重要特征之一。组合和顺序逻辑电路都包含在现实世界的数字系统中。因此,我们不能低估顺序逻辑电路的重要性。实现全光顺序电路具有设计紧凑、信号安全、电磁干扰小、带宽大等优点。本文展示了微环谐振器在光学领域实现移位寄存器的有效应用。该方案的设计是基于MRR开关活动原理的延时触发器。研究中包含了所建议设计的必要的MATLAB仿真输出。
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引用次数: 0
Malayalam Handwritten Character Recognition using Transfer Learning and Fine Tuning of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks 使用迁移学习和深度卷积神经网络微调的马拉雅拉姆手写字符识别
Pearlsy P V, D. Sankar
In the digitization of Malayalam handwritten documents, recognition of handwritten characters is a difficult task. This is due to the non availability of a labeled benchmark Malayalam handwritten character dataset. The state of the art technique using deep convolutional neural networks demands large amount of labeled dataset. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model for recognizing Malayalam handwritten characters using small sized dataset. Two approaches namely transfer learning and fine tuning of pre-trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture ResNet50 are used to develop models for recognizing Malayalam handwritten characters. Model design is optimized by varying parameters like learning rate, batch size and optimization algorithm. From the experiments, it is found that highest testing accuracy of 78.05% is obtained for the model using fine tuning approach when it is trained with a batch size of 16 using RMSProp optimization algorithm and a learning rate of 0.000001. A testing accuracy of 78.05% is obtained with ResNet50 for binary images even though ResNet50 is pre-trained using colour images.
在马拉雅拉姆语手写体文档数字化过程中,手写体字符的识别是一个难点。这是由于没有标记的基准马拉雅拉姆手写字符数据集。使用深度卷积神经网络的最新技术需要大量的标记数据集。因此,本文旨在开发一个预训练卷积神经网络(CNN)模型,用于使用小型数据集识别马拉雅拉姆语手写字符。采用迁移学习和预训练深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)架构ResNet50的微调两种方法来开发马来亚拉姆语手写字符识别模型。模型设计通过学习率、批处理大小和优化算法等参数进行优化。实验发现,当使用RMSProp优化算法以16个批大小训练模型,学习率为0.000001时,采用微调方法的模型测试准确率最高,达到78.05%。尽管ResNet50是使用彩色图像进行预训练的,但ResNet50对二值图像的测试准确率为78.05%。
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引用次数: 0
Gain Enhanced X-Band Antenna using Novel Metasurface 新型超表面增益增强x波段天线
A. S, V. D, Shahul Hameed T A
Metamaterials which possess low refractive indices are used to enhance the directivity of the antenna or its gain. They are structured from artificially made recurring patterns or these are obtained from dielectric engravings in various layers that have sub-wavelength measurements. Here a new, concise, high gain, highly directive, metasurface-based antenna structure has been proposed that consists of a fractal-patterned patch consisting of a regular organization of square patches. The Metasurface layer is structured above the FR4 substrate by periodic unit cells wherein the unit cell is built using a couple of C-shape structured patches at the center being encircled by a pair of L-shape structured patches at the outer surface. The antenna’s gain is increased by inserting a metasurface which acts as a superstrate to the patch. A 1.6 mm broad FR4 substrate sheet separates the antenna’s base layer from its main radiating portion. The antenna’s radiation pattern is extremely directed and has exceptional impedance matching. At a working frequency of 10.44GHz, a gain of 8.33 dB has been achieved, which is a very high gain. The antenna structure that was created is extremely effective and can be utilized for things like satellite communication, maritime vessel traffic control, defense tracking, and is used in the hospital sector.
具有低折射率的超材料被用来增强天线的方向性或增益。它们是由人工制造的重复图案构成的,或者这些图案是由具有亚波长测量的各种层中的介电雕刻获得的。本文提出了一种新的、简洁的、高增益的、高度定向的、基于超表面的天线结构,该结构由正方形贴片的规则组织组成的分形贴片组成。超表面层在FR4衬底之上由周期单元格构成,其中单元格在中心使用一对c形结构贴片构建,在外表面被一对l形结构贴片包围。天线的增益是通过插入一个超表面来增加的,该超表面作为贴片的上层。1.6毫米宽的FR4基板将天线的基础层与其主辐射部分分开。天线的辐射方向图是非常定向的,并且具有出色的阻抗匹配。在10.44GHz的工作频率下,获得了8.33 dB的增益,这是一个非常高的增益。这种天线结构非常有效,可以用于卫星通信、海上船舶交通控制、国防跟踪等领域,也可以用于医院领域。
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引用次数: 0
A Review On Current Technological Advancements In Prosthetic Arms 假肢臂技术进展综述
Devika Ghadage, Rutu Bagde, Swati Jha, Mohini Dhadi, Chaitali Barhate
Many people now-a-days are facing amputation in their early 20’s or 30’s, mainly because of lack of awareness regarding quality measures to be used while mining process in coal mines or in various industries. Different types of amputees has to tackle different day-to-day problems. Majority of amputees lies under people who have lost their arms or legs or sometimes both during military conflicts. There are various types of prosthesis available in market across globe for physically challenged people who have lost their arm or legs, to give them a support system for uplifting their spirit.
现在许多人在20岁或30岁出头就面临截肢,主要是因为缺乏对煤矿或各种行业采矿过程中使用的质量措施的认识。不同类型的截肢者必须处理不同的日常问题。大多数截肢者躺在那些在军事冲突中失去胳膊或腿的人下面,有时两者都失去了。在全球市场上,有各种各样的假肢可以为失去胳膊或腿的残疾人提供,给他们一个支撑系统来提升他们的精神。
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引用次数: 1
Parallel Model to Detect Attacks Using Evolutionary Based Technique 基于进化技术的并行攻击检测模型
S. Guruprasad, Rio D’Souza G. L.
Evolutionary-based algorithms emerged due to their flexibility and effectiveness in solving different varieties of problems. Optimization-based techniques are used in finding solutions that involve multiple conflicting objectives. Parallel evolutionary-based algorithms are used to overcome the time-consuming job of finding solutions to these types of problems. In this paper, we present a parallel genetic programming-based model that runs parallelly and obtains solutions in a minimal amount of time. The model also allows the user to select the best set of objectives based on the requirements of the users. An island model is used which runs the operations on different islands parallelly. This not only decreases the execution time of the process but also increases the diversity of the population. The results obtained in different islands are fed to an ensemble classifier to get the required result. The model was trained and tested using the state-of-the-art ISCX-2012 and CICIDS2017 datasets. In our work, we have mainly focused on detecting the attacks in a system in a short duration of time. The model developed gave significant performance improvement compared to the results obtained using the normal CPU implementation.
基于进化的算法因其在解决不同类型问题时的灵活性和有效性而出现。基于优化的技术用于寻找涉及多个相互冲突的目标的解决方案。基于并行进化的算法被用来克服寻找这些类型问题的解决方案的耗时工作。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于并行遗传规划的模型,该模型可以并行运行并在最短的时间内获得解。该模型还允许用户根据用户的需求选择最佳目标集。采用孤岛模型,在不同的孤岛上并行运行。这不仅减少了流程的执行时间,而且增加了种群的多样性。将在不同岛屿上获得的结果馈送到集成分类器以获得所需的结果。该模型使用最先进的ISCX-2012和CICIDS2017数据集进行训练和测试。在我们的工作中,我们主要关注在短时间内检测系统中的攻击。与使用普通CPU实现获得的结果相比,所开发的模型提供了显著的性能改进。
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引用次数: 0
Phishing Email’s Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning 使用机器学习和深度学习的网络钓鱼电子邮件检测
Nishant Santosh Paradkar
In today’s world, all of us are dependent on emails. Emails are a very efficient and fast way of sending a message to someone. But malicious users often use it to send fraudulent emails with fake links that steal user credentials like credit card details, login-id, passwords, etc. These emails are called phishing emails. These emails constitute identity fraud as the emails are interpreted to be from banks or other multinational companies. Many existing solutions require the user to check for grammar errors, check the email-id, or avoid clicking any links. But all these actions require human involvement. In this paper, I have implemented and compared current Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques used with Natural Language Processing to detect phishing emails and achieved an accuracy of 98%.
在当今世界,我们所有人都依赖电子邮件。电子邮件是向某人发送信息的一种非常有效和快速的方式。但恶意用户经常使用它来发送带有虚假链接的欺诈性电子邮件,窃取用户凭证,如信用卡详细信息,登录id,密码等。这些邮件被称为网络钓鱼邮件。这些电子邮件被解释为来自银行或其他跨国公司,构成身份欺诈。许多现有的解决方案要求用户检查语法错误、检查电子邮件id,或者避免单击任何链接。但所有这些行动都需要人类的参与。在本文中,我实现并比较了使用自然语言处理的当前机器学习和深度学习技术来检测网络钓鱼电子邮件,并达到了98%的准确率。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Intelligent Surveillance System Using Deep Learning 基于深度学习的集成智能监控系统
Arya Paul, Sona Paul, Manikandan A. R, Katharin P Jose, Sabarinath M.S
Nowadays the surveillance systems are widely used to find out the suspicious events that have occurred. In conventional systems, there are a lot of limitations such as storage, bandwidth, cost, the short lifespan of hardware devices, loading issues, etc. We developed an intelligent surveillance system using deep learning in which the video footage of suspicious events is extracted. Transfer learning, a part of machine learning, is used for face detection which involves the reuse of a pre-trained model on new data. The abnormal activity detection is done using a multi person MoveNet Light model and the face detection is done using VGG16. The suspicious objects found in the frame (gun, mask) are identified using corner detection. This system offers less bandwidth, high security, effective storage, and reduced load-balancing issues. In this paper, we detailed the face detection, object detection and anomaly detection used in our system.
如今,监控系统被广泛用于发现已经发生的可疑事件。在传统系统中,存在许多限制,例如存储、带宽、成本、硬件设备的短寿命、加载问题等。我们开发了一种使用深度学习的智能监控系统,可以提取可疑事件的视频片段。迁移学习是机器学习的一部分,用于人脸检测,这涉及到对新数据的预训练模型的重用。异常活动检测采用多人MoveNet Light模型,人脸检测采用VGG16模型。在框架中发现的可疑物体(枪,面具)使用角检测识别。该系统提供更少的带宽、更高的安全性、有效的存储和更少的负载平衡问题。本文详细介绍了人脸检测、目标检测和异常检测在系统中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Classifying the Severity of Apple Black Rot Disease with Deep Learning: A Dual CNN and LSTM Approach 基于深度学习的苹果黑腐病严重程度分类:一种双重CNN和LSTM方法
Rishabh Sharma, V. Kukreja, Prince Sood, Abhishek Bhattacharjee
Apple diseases cause significant economic losses to the fruit industry every year. Accurate and timely diagnosis of apple diseases is crucial to prevent the disease’s spread and ensure the production of healthy crops. This study presents a novel hybrid model, combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, for multi-class classification of apple diseases. The model was trained and evaluated on a dataset of images of apple leaves exhibiting different severity degrees of black rot disease. The results of the experiments showed that the hybrid model outperformed traditional single-model approaches, achieving an accuracy of 99.02% in the initial severity degree classification of the disease. This demonstrates the potential of combining CNNs and LSTMs to achieve high accuracy in complex image classification tasks, particularly in the field of plant disease diagnosis. The proposed model provides a valuable tool for apple farmers, researchers, and extension workers in the early detection and management of apple diseases.
苹果病害每年给果业造成重大经济损失。准确、及时地诊断苹果病害对防止病害的传播和保证苹果健康生产至关重要。本研究提出了一种结合卷积神经网络(cnn)和长短期记忆(LSTM)网络的苹果病害多类分类新混合模型。该模型在显示不同黑腐病严重程度的苹果叶片图像数据集上进行了训练和评估。实验结果表明,混合模型优于传统的单模型方法,在疾病的初始严重程度分类中准确率达到99.02%。这证明了cnn和lstm相结合在复杂图像分类任务中实现高精度的潜力,特别是在植物病害诊断领域。该模型为苹果种植者、研究人员和推广工作者早期发现和管理苹果病害提供了有价值的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and Forecasting of COVID-19 Pandemic Using ARIMA Model 基于ARIMA模型的COVID-19大流行分析与预测
Soni Singh, S. Mittal, Sunaina Singh
The global community is now seriously threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The government of every nation must pay close attention to the analysis of this disease to take the required actions to lessen the impact of this worldwide epidemic. This research focused on the disease outbreak in the Indian region through July 21st, 2021, and evaluated the incidence and mortality. Machine learning techniques, such as the ARIMA model, are applied to perform the prediction analysis on collected data from the World Health Organization (WHO) official portal for India between January 20, 2020, and July 21, 2021. Mean Square Error (MSE), a measure of model performance, was used to assess performance, and it came in between 2170.636098 and 46.839689. In the four weeks of test data, the Expected instances are estimated to be between 192K and 230K, which is fairly similar to the actual figures. The government and physicians will be able to make future strategies with the aid of this study.
当前,国际社会正受到COVID-19大流行的严重威胁。各国政府必须密切关注对这一疾病的分析,采取必要的行动,减轻这一世界性流行病的影响。本研究以截至2021年7月21日的印度地区疫情为研究对象,评估了发病率和死亡率。机器学习技术,如ARIMA模型,用于对2020年1月20日至2021年7月21日期间从世界卫生组织(世卫组织)印度官方门户网站收集的数据进行预测分析。均方误差(MSE)是衡量模型性能的一种方法,用于评估性能,其范围在2170.636098和46.839689之间。在四周的测试数据中,预期实例估计在192K到230K之间,这与实际数字相当相似。政府和医生将能够在这项研究的帮助下制定未来的策略。
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引用次数: 0
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2023 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, Embedded and Secure Systems (ACCESS)
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