Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.015-027
Elza Timule, Artūrs Žukovs, N. Filipenko, H. Spitsyna
In recent years technological progress has had a huge impact on healthcare sector. New products, services are becoming popular among patients and healthcare providers. Long waiting periods, to see healthcare specialists and COVID-19 pandemics have influenced the situation as well. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need for non-contact healthcare due to prevalence and infectivity of the disease, which has led to active provision of remote healthcare, both for COVID-19 patients and remote consultations. The aim of the article is to analyse the international regulatory framework of telemedicine, problems, and opportunities for Improvement of the Legal Framework for the Provision of Telemedicine Services. The article will analyse both national regulatory framework of Latvia and Ukraine. Keywords: law, medical technologies, patients’ rights, telemedicine
{"title":"Problems and Opportunities for Improvement of Legal Framework for Provision of Telemedicine Services: Experience of the Republic of Latvia and Ukraine","authors":"Elza Timule, Artūrs Žukovs, N. Filipenko, H. Spitsyna","doi":"10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.015-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.015-027","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years technological progress has had a huge impact on healthcare sector. New products, services are becoming popular among patients and healthcare providers. Long waiting periods, to see healthcare specialists and COVID-19 pandemics have influenced the situation as well. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need for non-contact healthcare due to prevalence and infectivity of the disease, which has led to active provision of remote healthcare, both for COVID-19 patients and remote consultations. The aim of the article is to analyse the international regulatory framework of telemedicine, problems, and opportunities for Improvement of the Legal Framework for the Provision of Telemedicine Services. The article will analyse both national regulatory framework of Latvia and Ukraine. Keywords: law, medical technologies, patients’ rights, telemedicine","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69072970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.028-038
V. Justickis
Primary telephone consultation provides the patient with the opportunity to make a phone call and receive medical information between the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and their first visit to the doctor. This creates an opportunity to speed up the moment when the patient receives the first qualified help and thereby increases the success of further treatment. This is especially important in the case of the so-called “must not miss” diseases. These are the most dangerous, albeit rare, diseases in which early detection and treatment is a decisive factor in the success of treatment. However, telephone consultations can also create new problems, the most important of which is related to the fact that in such process the doctor has only the data that can be obtained by interviewing the patient. This is fraught with an increased risk of medical error. This danger is especially great in the case of “must not miss” diseases, in which only at the very early stage there are serious chances to stop the progression of the disease. The article discusses ways to solve this problem – the requirements that must be met by the organisation of a consultation in order to maximise the use of the possibilities of telephone consultation in these conditions for the timely detection of “must not miss” diseases. The problems of harmonising these requirements with the organisational and economic conditions in which telephone consultation is carried out are discussed. Keywords: doctor’s responsibility, primary telephone consultation, rare but dangerous diseases
{"title":"Diagnosis of Rare but Dangerous Diseases in Primary Telephone Consultation","authors":"V. Justickis","doi":"10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.028-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.028-038","url":null,"abstract":"Primary telephone consultation provides the patient with the opportunity to make a phone call and receive medical information between the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and their first visit to the doctor. This creates an opportunity to speed up the moment when the patient receives the first qualified help and thereby increases the success of further treatment. This is especially important in the case of the so-called “must not miss” diseases. These are the most dangerous, albeit rare, diseases in which early detection and treatment is a decisive factor in the success of treatment. However, telephone consultations can also create new problems, the most important of which is related to the fact that in such process the doctor has only the data that can be obtained by interviewing the patient. This is fraught with an increased risk of medical error. This danger is especially great in the case of “must not miss” diseases, in which only at the very early stage there are serious chances to stop the progression of the disease. The article discusses ways to solve this problem – the requirements that must be met by the organisation of a consultation in order to maximise the use of the possibilities of telephone consultation in these conditions for the timely detection of “must not miss” diseases. The problems of harmonising these requirements with the organisational and economic conditions in which telephone consultation is carried out are discussed. Keywords: doctor’s responsibility, primary telephone consultation, rare but dangerous diseases","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69073017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.106-118
Jekaterina Sredņakova, Marina Sumbarova
The need to achieve a fair settlement of criminal law relations in criminal proceedings quite often requires provision of a solution to property issues. Property issues affecting a person’s property, possession and unsufruct rights are also relevant within the framework of criminal proceedings. Property issues in criminal proceedings and related actions are regulated by the Criminal Procedure Law, to which the sixth section of the Law is devoted, entitled “Property issues in criminal proceedings”. Turning to the content chapter, it deals with property issues related to compensation for damage caused by criminal offences, disposition of property obtained by crime, institute for ensuring resolution of property issues, as well as procedural expenses and their reimbursement. The aim of the article is to research regulation of property issues in pre-trial investigations within the framework of the Criminal Procedure Law and in relation to other regulatory enactments and to evaluate application of the regulation established by law in practice and the problems related to application of the existing regulation. Within the framework of the research, such main methods were used as the analytical method and the comparative method. As the result of the research, an existing problem has been identified, suggestions and insights have been provided in the field of settlement of property issues. Keywords: Criminal Procedure Law, criminal proceedings, protection of property, resolution of property issues in criminal proceedings, seizure of property
{"title":"Problems of Solving Property Issues in Criminal Proceedings in Latvia","authors":"Jekaterina Sredņakova, Marina Sumbarova","doi":"10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.106-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.106-118","url":null,"abstract":"The need to achieve a fair settlement of criminal law relations in criminal proceedings quite often requires provision of a solution to property issues. Property issues affecting a person’s property, possession and unsufruct rights are also relevant within the framework of criminal proceedings. Property issues in criminal proceedings and related actions are regulated by the Criminal Procedure Law, to which the sixth section of the Law is devoted, entitled “Property issues in criminal proceedings”. Turning to the content chapter, it deals with property issues related to compensation for damage caused by criminal offences, disposition of property obtained by crime, institute for ensuring resolution of property issues, as well as procedural expenses and their reimbursement. The aim of the article is to research regulation of property issues in pre-trial investigations within the framework of the Criminal Procedure Law and in relation to other regulatory enactments and to evaluate application of the regulation established by law in practice and the problems related to application of the existing regulation. Within the framework of the research, such main methods were used as the analytical method and the comparative method. As the result of the research, an existing problem has been identified, suggestions and insights have been provided in the field of settlement of property issues. Keywords: Criminal Procedure Law, criminal proceedings, protection of property, resolution of property issues in criminal proceedings, seizure of property","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69073737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.030-040
Laura Done
The study focuses on applicability of international law in cyberspace, particularly on the global processes at the United Nations Committee on Disarmament and International Security and analyses whether and how Estonia and Latvia understand and explain the application of international law to the states’ conduct in cyberspace. The aim of the study is to provide qualitative and comparative analysis on what national positions Estonia and Latvia have on applicability of international law in cyberspace and how these opinions are reflected in their national cybersecurity strategies and national statements. The article assesses the efforts by Estonia and Latvia to promote understanding on how international law applies in cyberspace. These efforts are analysed from foreign policy perspective. The article also argues why it is crucial to promote such an understanding; however, it does not discuss or interpret legal concepts. The article concludes with a comparison of the cases of Estonia and Latvia. The result of the research indicates that Estonia has been more active than Latvia in terms of defining and promoting its official position on applicability of international law in cyberspace. Latvia has not yet provided detailed positions on applicability of international law in cyberspace. Keywords: cybersecurity, cyberspace, international law, international security, international society
{"title":"Applicability of International Law in Cyberspace: Positions by Estonia and Latvia","authors":"Laura Done","doi":"10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.030-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.030-040","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on applicability of international law in cyberspace, particularly on the global processes at the United Nations Committee on Disarmament and International Security and analyses whether and how Estonia and Latvia understand and explain the application of international law to the states’ conduct in cyberspace. The aim of the study is to provide qualitative and comparative analysis on what national positions Estonia and Latvia have on applicability of international law in cyberspace and how these opinions are reflected in their national cybersecurity strategies and national statements. The article assesses the efforts by Estonia and Latvia to promote understanding on how international law applies in cyberspace. These efforts are analysed from foreign policy perspective. The article also argues why it is crucial to promote such an understanding; however, it does not discuss or interpret legal concepts. The article concludes with a comparison of the cases of Estonia and Latvia. The result of the research indicates that Estonia has been more active than Latvia in terms of defining and promoting its official position on applicability of international law in cyberspace. Latvia has not yet provided detailed positions on applicability of international law in cyberspace. Keywords: cybersecurity, cyberspace, international law, international security, international society","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69073872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.114-126
Žaklīna Ieviņa
Many controllers have a desire to be able to continue using personal data instead of deleting them after the processing purpose has been fulfilled. The discussion regularly arises whether the erasure of personal data is required by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and whether it can also happen by anonymising the data. This article examines how the GDPR regulates the two terms of “erasure” and “anonymisation” as well as what requirements are demanded by using any of these in the personal data lifecycle. An obligation to delete personal data always requires personal data. In the case of anonymous data, erasure is not required and cannot be claimed. The question to be examined and discussed in the article is therefore: If personal data exist and there is a claim for erasure, can the obligation to erase be fulfilled by anonymising the personal data? Such question has not yet been addressed in the case law and has only been examined to a limited extent in the literature by different authors with no exact court ruling. Some authors state that the question can be answered in such a way that an obligation to delete can also be fulfilled by anonymising the data (Dierks & Roßnagel, 2021; Taeger & Gabel, 2021); meanwhile, others consider that anonymisation cannot be considered as data erasure. The answer to this question is important because it determines whether large data processors are allowed to keep data that they would have to delete and use in anonymised form for Big Data analysis or Artificial Intelligence applications that are an integral part of the world of technology.
{"title":"Erasure and Anonymisation of Personal Data in Context of General Data Protection Regulation","authors":"Žaklīna Ieviņa","doi":"10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.114-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.114-126","url":null,"abstract":"Many controllers have a desire to be able to continue using personal data instead of deleting them after the processing purpose has been fulfilled. The discussion regularly arises whether the erasure of personal data is required by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and whether it can also happen by anonymising the data. This article examines how the GDPR regulates the two terms of “erasure” and “anonymisation” as well as what requirements are demanded by using any of these in the personal data lifecycle. An obligation to delete personal data always requires personal data. In the case of anonymous data, erasure is not required and cannot be claimed. The question to be examined and discussed in the article is therefore: If personal data exist and there is a claim for erasure, can the obligation to erase be fulfilled by anonymising the personal data? Such question has not yet been addressed in the case law and has only been examined to a limited extent in the literature by different authors with no exact court ruling. Some authors state that the question can be answered in such a way that an obligation to delete can also be fulfilled by anonymising the data (Dierks & Roßnagel, 2021; Taeger & Gabel, 2021); meanwhile, others consider that anonymisation cannot be considered as data erasure. The answer to this question is important because it determines whether large data processors are allowed to keep data that they would have to delete and use in anonymised form for Big Data analysis or Artificial Intelligence applications that are an integral part of the world of technology.","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69072674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.051-060
Irēna Kucina
Digitalisation opens the debate on the fundamental principle of a democratic society: legitimacy of decisions. There is a relationship of trust between a society living in a law-governed legal area and a judge based on the expectation that the relationship between the individual and the state is governed by a public contract that defines the rights and obligations of all parties involved to represent the common interest. The aim of the study is to detect challenges of digitalisation in judicial system and define whether it is possible to include a decision algorithm in such a public contract and what innovations that guarantee efficiency, legal certainty and access to justice could be. Keywords: artificial intelligence, judicial system, litigation, fundamental rights, fair trial
{"title":"Challenges of Digitalisation in Judicial System","authors":"Irēna Kucina","doi":"10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.051-060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.051-060","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalisation opens the debate on the fundamental principle of a democratic society: legitimacy of decisions. There is a relationship of trust between a society living in a law-governed legal area and a judge based on the expectation that the relationship between the individual and the state is governed by a public contract that defines the rights and obligations of all parties involved to represent the common interest. The aim of the study is to detect challenges of digitalisation in judicial system and define whether it is possible to include a decision algorithm in such a public contract and what innovations that guarantee efficiency, legal certainty and access to justice could be. Keywords: artificial intelligence, judicial system, litigation, fundamental rights, fair trial","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69073186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.145-155
Diāna Bukēviča
This research examines the place of sanctions as a means of security in the legal framework of the Republic of Latvia. Specifically, relation between the sanctions as a legal impediment and registration of beneficial owners by the Register of Enterprises has been analysed as the central problematic. The aim of this research is to evaluate effectiveness of the provisions of law with respect to sanctions as a legal impediment in registering beneficial owners in Latvia and argue for a necessity to introduce amendments for elaboration thereof. In order to achieve the aim, such research methods as analysis of relevant legal norms on sanctions, legal impediments to registration of beneficial owners and competence of the Register of Enterprises have been applied. To supplement arguments of the research, a number of case studies have been used to illustrate the current practice of the Register of Enterprises in registering information on sanctioned beneficial owners. Eventual findings of the research lead to a conclusion that legal framework on sanctions regarding registration of information on beneficial owners needs serious amendments to improve its effectiveness and accordance with latest international developments. The results of this research underline the necessity to define sanctions as a means of security in the Law on the Enterprise Register of the Republic of Latvia, so as to clarify the competence of the Register of Enterprises. Keywords: beneficial owners, civil legal restrictions, means of security, public register, Register of Enterprises, sanctions
{"title":"Sanctions as Means of Security in Registering Information on Beneficial Owners in the Register of Enterprises","authors":"Diāna Bukēviča","doi":"10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.145-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.145-155","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the place of sanctions as a means of security in the legal framework of the Republic of Latvia. Specifically, relation between the sanctions as a legal impediment and registration of beneficial owners by the Register of Enterprises has been analysed as the central problematic. The aim of this research is to evaluate effectiveness of the provisions of law with respect to sanctions as a legal impediment in registering beneficial owners in Latvia and argue for a necessity to introduce amendments for elaboration thereof. In order to achieve the aim, such research methods as analysis of relevant legal norms on sanctions, legal impediments to registration of beneficial owners and competence of the Register of Enterprises have been applied. To supplement arguments of the research, a number of case studies have been used to illustrate the current practice of the Register of Enterprises in registering information on sanctioned beneficial owners. Eventual findings of the research lead to a conclusion that legal framework on sanctions regarding registration of information on beneficial owners needs serious amendments to improve its effectiveness and accordance with latest international developments. The results of this research underline the necessity to define sanctions as a means of security in the Law on the Enterprise Register of the Republic of Latvia, so as to clarify the competence of the Register of Enterprises. Keywords: beneficial owners, civil legal restrictions, means of security, public register, Register of Enterprises, sanctions","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69073219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.140-149
A. Zīle, A. Vilks, A. Polianskyi
Digital forensics and criminal policy are undergoing transformational processes related to technological development. In order to speed up the development of relevant knowledge and skills, a training process is intensively planned, which is characterised by a flexible approach to learning information. Learning digital forensics has certain challenges that both practising experts and future experts face. Therefore, in order to promote the development of this knowledge, it is important to offer international experience and knowledge transfer, including using open educational resources. The aforementioned would allow interested parties to gain in-depth knowledge in the field of digital forensics using the approach of different countries both in theory and in practice. The purpose of the article is to outline the role of digital forensics in modern life, as well as to emphasise its connection with the implementation of criminal policy. The article will examine the point of view of both Latvia and Ukraine on the development of digital forensics in interaction with the creation of forensics. Keywords: digital forensic, open education, science
{"title":"Digital Forensics and Criminal Policy: Latvian–Ukrainian perspective","authors":"A. Zīle, A. Vilks, A. Polianskyi","doi":"10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.140-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.24.2022.3.140-149","url":null,"abstract":"Digital forensics and criminal policy are undergoing transformational processes related to technological development. In order to speed up the development of relevant knowledge and skills, a training process is intensively planned, which is characterised by a flexible approach to learning information. Learning digital forensics has certain challenges that both practising experts and future experts face. Therefore, in order to promote the development of this knowledge, it is important to offer international experience and knowledge transfer, including using open educational resources. The aforementioned would allow interested parties to gain in-depth knowledge in the field of digital forensics using the approach of different countries both in theory and in practice. The purpose of the article is to outline the role of digital forensics in modern life, as well as to emphasise its connection with the implementation of criminal policy. The article will examine the point of view of both Latvia and Ukraine on the development of digital forensics in interaction with the creation of forensics. Keywords: digital forensic, open education, science","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69073700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.062-075
O. Kurdes
Current Regulations on Central Expert Qualification Commission under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and certification of forensic experts establishing the procedure for conducting professional training of forensic experts have been analysed. Necessity of elaboration and adoption of a separate legal regulation that should regulate all components of professional training procedure of forensic experts has been proved. Directions of development of professional training system of forensic experts have been indicated: traditional system of training that consists of two parts: professional training in higher education and postgraduate education majoring in Forensic Science. A new type of structure of postgraduate education of forensic experts has been proposed that should consist of initial professional training, advanced training, retraining and specialised training. In order to adapt to new working conditions and accelerate professional training of experts, the need to introduce the institute of mentoring has been emphasised. Given the specifics of forensic science activities associated with psychological stress while forensic research, emphasis has been placed on psychological training introduction. The ways of reforming structure of subjects of administrative and legal support of professional training of forensic experts have been indicated.
{"title":"Directions for Improving Legal Support of Vocational Training of Forensic Experts in Ukraine","authors":"O. Kurdes","doi":"10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.062-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.062-075","url":null,"abstract":"Current Regulations on Central Expert Qualification Commission under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and certification of forensic experts establishing the procedure for conducting professional training of forensic experts have been analysed. Necessity of elaboration and adoption of a separate legal regulation that should regulate all components of professional training procedure of forensic experts has been proved. Directions of development of professional training system of forensic experts have been indicated: traditional system of training that consists of two parts: professional training in higher education and postgraduate education majoring in Forensic Science. A new type of structure of postgraduate education of forensic experts has been proposed that should consist of initial professional training, advanced training, retraining and specialised training. In order to adapt to new working conditions and accelerate professional training of experts, the need to introduce the institute of mentoring has been emphasised. Given the specifics of forensic science activities associated with psychological stress while forensic research, emphasis has been placed on psychological training introduction. The ways of reforming structure of subjects of administrative and legal support of professional training of forensic experts have been indicated.","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69072520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.076-088
Silvia Kaugia, Lembit Auväärt
Expertise is the study and solution of a professional issue or the expression of an opinion on it by an expert. In procedural law, expertise means examination of materials to establish factual information. Expert examination is performed by an expert and the research results are formalised in an expert report. Circumstances established in the course of expert examination, which have been fixed in accordance with the procedure prescribed by procedural law, are the evidence in the preliminary investigation and in court resolution procedures.
{"title":"Forensic Psychology Expertise in Legislation and Case Law of Estonia: Based on Physiological Affect","authors":"Silvia Kaugia, Lembit Auväärt","doi":"10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.076-088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.22.2022.1.076-088","url":null,"abstract":"Expertise is the study and solution of a professional issue or the expression of an opinion on it by an expert. In procedural law, expertise means examination of materials to establish factual information. Expert examination is performed by an expert and the research results are formalised in an expert report. Circumstances established in the course of expert examination, which have been fixed in accordance with the procedure prescribed by procedural law, are the evidence in the preliminary investigation and in court resolution procedures.","PeriodicalId":34542,"journal":{"name":"Socrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69072554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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