Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.1108/jed-05-2021-0063
T. Nguyễn, Tien Hanh Duong, Myehue Dinh, T. H. H. Pham, T. T. M. Truong
PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate how difference in social trust explains the heterogeneity of intellectual property right (IPR) protection (proxied by software piracy rate) across countries. Specifically, the authors also examine whether this effect is complementary or substitute to legal and economic factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use both ordinary least square and two-stage least square regressions to investigate this effect.FindingsThe authors find that there is also a complementary effect between trust and rule of law in reducing the violation of IPRs.Originality/valueAlthough the literature by now has documented the solid relationship between trust and the quality of formal institutions, only few studies have explored more specific measures of institutional consequences. Thus, this study is the first study investigating the role of trust, a valuable social capital dimension, on IPR protection.
{"title":"The impact of trust on intellectual property right protection: a cross-national study","authors":"T. Nguyễn, Tien Hanh Duong, Myehue Dinh, T. H. H. Pham, T. T. M. Truong","doi":"10.1108/jed-05-2021-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jed-05-2021-0063","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate how difference in social trust explains the heterogeneity of intellectual property right (IPR) protection (proxied by software piracy rate) across countries. Specifically, the authors also examine whether this effect is complementary or substitute to legal and economic factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use both ordinary least square and two-stage least square regressions to investigate this effect.FindingsThe authors find that there is also a complementary effect between trust and rule of law in reducing the violation of IPRs.Originality/valueAlthough the literature by now has documented the solid relationship between trust and the quality of formal institutions, only few studies have explored more specific measures of institutional consequences. Thus, this study is the first study investigating the role of trust, a valuable social capital dimension, on IPR protection.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"91 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77284387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Batik Tulis Pamekasan market share is getting wider to international levels resulting in intense competition between Batik Pamekasan Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) both in the local market and the national market so that a development strategy is needed to increase market competitiveness with the support of technology, information, organization and the ability of workers (human) the good one. Because the business performance of an organization, especially SMEs, is directly affected by technoware and humanware, while orgaware affects business performance indirectly through humanware. The purpose of this study is to measure the technological performance of the Batik Pamekasan SMEs technology using the technometric method to determine business competitiveness, while to provide suggestions or strategy proposals that can be done with a SWOT analysis. The results of the research of Batik Pamekasan SMEs have a TCC value at a sufficient level because 0.3
{"title":"The Assessment Teknologi Industri Batik Tulis Pamekasan Dengan Metode Teknometrik Upaya Peningkatan Daya Saing Pasar","authors":"Musoffan St Me","doi":"10.33005/JEDI.V4I2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JEDI.V4I2.72","url":null,"abstract":"Batik Tulis Pamekasan market share is getting wider to international levels resulting in intense competition between Batik Pamekasan Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) both in the local market and the national market so that a development strategy is needed to increase market competitiveness with the support of technology, information, organization and the ability of workers (human) the good one. Because the business performance of an organization, especially SMEs, is directly affected by technoware and humanware, while orgaware affects business performance indirectly through humanware. The purpose of this study is to measure the technological performance of the Batik Pamekasan SMEs technology using the technometric method to determine business competitiveness, while to provide suggestions or strategy proposals that can be done with a SWOT analysis. The results of the research of Batik Pamekasan SMEs have a TCC value at a sufficient level because 0.3 <TCC≤ 0.6 = sufficient, it means that Pamekasan batik UKM is at the semi-modern level, this is because the transformation process is carried out manually while the information is not all SMEs understand sophistication of technology perfectl","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"197 1","pages":"488-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79927348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to determine the efforts of Mitsubishi dealer manufacturers to increase revenue and efforts to overcome the obstacles faced during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research was conducted at Mitsubishi Dealer PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Jayapura and research data are income before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data analysis method is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the income of Mitsubishi Jayapura dealers during the Covid-19 Pandemic decreased when compared to before the Covid-19 Pandemic, which was an average of 51 percent. Efforts made by the Jayapura Mitsubishi Manufacturer Dealer, namely: Reduction of employees and many temporary laid-off employees, WFH, Sales Promotion via email and smartphone, implementing health protocols, reducing office operating hours, providing services through the Call Center. This research is an input for the Jayapura Mitsubishi Dealer Manufacturer to increase its income during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Keywwords: Producer;Income;The Covid-19 Pandemic Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya produsen dealer Mitsubishi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi pada masa Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan pada Dealer Mitsubishi PT Bosowa Berlian Motor Jayapura dan data penelitian adalah pendapatan sebelum dan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pendapatan Dealer Mitsubishi Jayapura pada masa Pandemi Covid-19, mengalami penurunan bila dibandingkan sebelum masa Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu rata-rata 51 persen. Upaya yang dilakukan Produsen Dealer Mitsubhisi Jayapura yaitu: Pengurangan Karyawan dan sejumlah karyawan dirumahkan sementara, WFH , Promosi Penjualan lewat email dan smartphone , menerapkan protokol kesehatan, pengurangan jam operasional kantor, pelayanan melalui Call Center . Penelitian ini sebagai masukan bagi Produsen Dealer Mitsubishi Jayapura untuk meningkatkan pendapatannya di masa Pandemi Covid-19 . Kata kunci:Produsen;Pendapatan;Pandemi Covid-19
本研究的目的是确定三菱经销商制造商为增加收入和克服Covid-19大流行期间面临的障碍所做的努力。该研究是在三菱经销商PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Jayapura进行的，研究数据是新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间的收入。数据分析方法为描述性定性分析。结果显示，三菱Jayapura经销商在新冠疫情期间的收入比疫情前平均减少了51%。Jayapura三菱制造商经销商所做的努力，即:减少员工和许多临时下岗员工，WFH，通过电子邮件和智能手机进行促销，实施健康协议，减少办公时间，通过呼叫中心提供服务。这项研究是Jayapura三菱经销商制造商在Covid-19大流行期间增加收入的一项投入。关键词:生产者;收入;新冠肺炎疫情图juan penelitian ini untuk menggetahui upaya农产品经销商三菱untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi paada masaPenelitian dilakukan pada经销商三菱PT博索瓦柏林汽车公司Jayapura dan数据Penelitian adalah pendapatan sebelum dan pada masa大流行Covid-19方法分析数据和数据分析脚本。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pendapatan经销商Mitsubishi Jayapura pada masa Covid-19, mengalami penurunan bila dibandingkan sebelum masa Covid-19 yaitu rata-rata 51人。Upaya yang dilakukan Produsen Dealer三菱Jayapura yitu: Pengurangan Karyawan dan sejumlah Karyawan dirumahkan sementara, WFH, Promosi Penjualan leat电子邮件和智能手机，menerapkan protokol kesehatan, Pengurangan jam运营kantor, pelayanan melalui呼叫中心。Penelitian ini sebagai masukan bagi Produsen Dealer三菱Jayapura untuk脑膜炎katkan pendapatannya di masa Covid-19大流行。Kata kunci:Produsen;Pendapatan; Covid-19大流行
{"title":"Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pendapatan Produsen Dealer Mitsubishi Di Jayapura","authors":"Christina Irwati Tanan, Alfredo Lelapary","doi":"10.33005/JEDI.V4I2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JEDI.V4I2.109","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine the efforts of Mitsubishi dealer manufacturers to increase revenue and efforts to overcome the obstacles faced during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research was conducted at Mitsubishi Dealer PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Jayapura and research data are income before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data analysis method is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the income of Mitsubishi Jayapura dealers during the Covid-19 Pandemic decreased when compared to before the Covid-19 Pandemic, which was an average of 51 percent. Efforts made by the Jayapura Mitsubishi Manufacturer Dealer, namely: Reduction of employees and many temporary laid-off employees, WFH, Sales Promotion via email and smartphone, implementing health protocols, reducing office operating hours, providing services through the Call Center. This research is an input for the Jayapura Mitsubishi Dealer Manufacturer to increase its income during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Keywwords: Producer;Income;The Covid-19 Pandemic Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya produsen dealer Mitsubishi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi pada masa Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan pada Dealer Mitsubishi PT Bosowa Berlian Motor Jayapura dan data penelitian adalah pendapatan sebelum dan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pendapatan Dealer Mitsubishi Jayapura pada masa Pandemi Covid-19, mengalami penurunan bila dibandingkan sebelum masa Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu rata-rata 51 persen. Upaya yang dilakukan Produsen Dealer Mitsubhisi Jayapura yaitu: Pengurangan Karyawan dan sejumlah karyawan dirumahkan sementara, WFH , Promosi Penjualan lewat email dan smartphone , menerapkan protokol kesehatan, pengurangan jam operasional kantor, pelayanan melalui Call Center . Penelitian ini sebagai masukan bagi Produsen Dealer Mitsubishi Jayapura untuk meningkatkan pendapatannya di masa Pandemi Covid-19 . Kata kunci:Produsen;Pendapatan;Pandemi Covid-19","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"478-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79401718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coffee has a pretty good prospect in Indonesia with quite large production. However, Indonesian coffee trade still faces many obstacles. One of them, coffee is less competitive with coffee from other countries in United States which is Indonesia's main export destination. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the volume of coffee exports to United States in 1985-2018. This study uses secondary time series data collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the World Bank and the Ministry of Agriculture as well as a multiple regression model with the least squares method. The results show that the real GDP per capita of the United States, the real effective exchange rate of the United States, Indonesian inflation, world coffee prices, world tea prices and United States populations have an effect on Indonesian coffee exports demand. Individually, inflation in Indonesia, world tea prices and United States populations have significant positive effect while the real effective exchange rate of the United States have significant negative effect on Indonesian coffee exports demand from United States, but the real GDP per capita of the United States and world coffee prices have no effect on Indonesian coffee exports demand from United States.
{"title":"Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Ke Amerika Serikat Tahun 1985-2018","authors":"Yustinus Wahyudi, Anna Wijayanti, Sotya Fevriera","doi":"10.33005/JEDI.V4I2.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33005/JEDI.V4I2.92","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee has a pretty good prospect in Indonesia with quite large production. However, Indonesian coffee trade still faces many obstacles. One of them, coffee is less competitive with coffee from other countries in United States which is Indonesia's main export destination. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the volume of coffee exports to United States in 1985-2018. This study uses secondary time series data collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the World Bank and the Ministry of Agriculture as well as a multiple regression model with the least squares method. The results show that the real GDP per capita of the United States, the real effective exchange rate of the United States, Indonesian inflation, world coffee prices, world tea prices and United States populations have an effect on Indonesian coffee exports demand. Individually, inflation in Indonesia, world tea prices and United States populations have significant positive effect while the real effective exchange rate of the United States have significant negative effect on Indonesian coffee exports demand from United States, but the real GDP per capita of the United States and world coffee prices have no effect on Indonesian coffee exports demand from United States.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"45 1","pages":"462-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79194434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.1108/jed-12-2020-0198
Laurent Oloukoi
PurposeThe paper analyzes the response of agricultural value added to credit and real interest rate shocks in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and make a short-term comparative effect analysis of credit granted to the agricultural sector on agricultural value added among member countries.Design/methodology/approachFirst, in order to estimate impulse response functions (IRFs) and study shocks, a panel VAR model is used. Second the paper uses an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with the associated error correction model to make a comparative analysis of the effect of agricultural credit on agricultural value added in the WAEMU.FindingsResults shows that: (1) credit stimulates agricultural value added only in the medium and long term; (2) in the case of WAEMU, credit only becomes a means of lifting the constraint of capital underutilization after three years; (3) short-term credit granted to agriculture in WAEMU has a weak and differentiated effect on agricultural value added from one country to another.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it makes the link between macroeconomics and agriculture. It shows how the monetary instrument can be manipulated to improve the performance of agriculture. Actually, in WAEMU, the financing of agriculture is provided by the market. This paper proposes a new approach which is direct financing. The paper offers possibilities for the coordination of agricultural policies in the WAEMU.
{"title":"Comparative effect of short-term credit granted to agriculture on agricultural added value in the West African countries","authors":"Laurent Oloukoi","doi":"10.1108/jed-12-2020-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jed-12-2020-0198","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe paper analyzes the response of agricultural value added to credit and real interest rate shocks in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and make a short-term comparative effect analysis of credit granted to the agricultural sector on agricultural value added among member countries.Design/methodology/approachFirst, in order to estimate impulse response functions (IRFs) and study shocks, a panel VAR model is used. Second the paper uses an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with the associated error correction model to make a comparative analysis of the effect of agricultural credit on agricultural value added in the WAEMU.FindingsResults shows that: (1) credit stimulates agricultural value added only in the medium and long term; (2) in the case of WAEMU, credit only becomes a means of lifting the constraint of capital underutilization after three years; (3) short-term credit granted to agriculture in WAEMU has a weak and differentiated effect on agricultural value added from one country to another.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it makes the link between macroeconomics and agriculture. It shows how the monetary instrument can be manipulated to improve the performance of agriculture. Actually, in WAEMU, the financing of agriculture is provided by the market. This paper proposes a new approach which is direct financing. The paper offers possibilities for the coordination of agricultural policies in the WAEMU.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81573116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.1108/JED-02-2021-0021
G. Adika
PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of economic integration and natural resources and foreign direct investment (FDI) complementarity in explaining economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC).Design/methodology/approachThe study employed the ordinary least square-random effects and the generalized two-stage least square instrumental variables (IV) regression to examine the relationship between the variables.FindingsThe authors find that regional economic integration and natural resource abundance are essential for promoting economic growth. The results further show a potential resource curse phenomenon, offset by the complementary effect of FDI in resource-rich countries. The findings are robust after conditioning for different measures of institutional quality.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the need for deeper regional trade integration and international cooperation, prudent natural resource management and concerted effort toward economic diversification.Originality/valueMany studies have examined the determinants of economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). However, these studies did not incorporate or assess the potential of economic integration in the region. Moreover, studies that examined the growth effects of FDI did not assess the complementary role of the region's natural resource endowment which potentially drives FDI inflows. This study fills these gaps and provides a robust analysis of economic growth drivers in the region.
{"title":"Regional economic integration, natural resources and foreign direct investment in SADC","authors":"G. Adika","doi":"10.1108/JED-02-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JED-02-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of economic integration and natural resources and foreign direct investment (FDI) complementarity in explaining economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC).Design/methodology/approachThe study employed the ordinary least square-random effects and the generalized two-stage least square instrumental variables (IV) regression to examine the relationship between the variables.FindingsThe authors find that regional economic integration and natural resource abundance are essential for promoting economic growth. The results further show a potential resource curse phenomenon, offset by the complementary effect of FDI in resource-rich countries. The findings are robust after conditioning for different measures of institutional quality.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the need for deeper regional trade integration and international cooperation, prudent natural resource management and concerted effort toward economic diversification.Originality/valueMany studies have examined the determinants of economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). However, these studies did not incorporate or assess the potential of economic integration in the region. Moreover, studies that examined the growth effects of FDI did not assess the complementary role of the region's natural resource endowment which potentially drives FDI inflows. This study fills these gaps and provides a robust analysis of economic growth drivers in the region.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73207162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.1108/JED-12-2020-0194
Sudeshna Ghosh
PurposeThe author attempts to investigate through empirical exercise how the chances of female employment opportunities rise in a developing country like India, against the backdrop of changes in institutions that are associated with globalization. Following Dreher et al. (2012), the author measures how institutional arrangements proxied by political, cultural and social globalization impact women's labour force participation.Design/methodology/approachThe relation between female labour force participation, economic growth and further export diversification are quite complex. The paper develops a simultaneous equation model through a growth equation, gender equation and globalization equation to identify the factors impacting female labour market opportunities in India, based on annual time series data 1991–2019.FindingsThe major results of this study are summarized as: (1) it is social globalization that positively impacts gender equality in employment opportunities apart from economic growth and trade diversification. (2) Evidence of “feminization of labour force” in the context of trade diversification is found and (3) equal gender opportunities reflect in equalizing outcomes in the labour market.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the literature on gender inequality and economic growth in three major ways. First, it focuses upon a set of factors that explain gender inequality in opportunities that may impede economic growth. The study tries to explore how the persistence of gender inequality in the labour market influences negatively economic growth. Further how economic growth and trade diversification create pathways to impact gender inequality in the labour market. Second, the study tries to show how the male–female gap in employment opportunities constrains trade diversification. Third, trade diversification can induce modifications in the structure of production across sectors which can have a positive or negative impact on gender inequality. The actual impact is a matter of empirical exploration which this study has attempted. The author has shown in this study that gender inequality in a developing country like India reduces trade diversification directly through gender gaps in opportunity and indirectly by impeding economic growth which adversely impacts trade diversification.
作者试图通过实证研究，在与全球化相关的制度变化背景下，在印度这样的发展中国家，女性就业机会的机会是如何增加的。继Dreher et al.(2012)之后，作者衡量了政治、文化和社会全球化所代表的制度安排如何影响女性的劳动力参与。女性劳动力参与、经济增长和进一步出口多样化之间的关系相当复杂。本文基于1991-2019年的年度时间序列数据，通过增长方程、性别方程和全球化方程建立了一个联立方程模型，以确定影响印度女性劳动力市场机会的因素。研究结果表明:(1)除了经济增长和贸易多样化外，社会全球化对就业机会中的性别平等也有积极影响。(2)发现了贸易多样化背景下“劳动力女性化”的证据;(3)平等的性别机会反映在劳动力市场的平等结果上。原创性/价值本研究在三个主要方面对性别不平等和经济增长的文献做出了贡献。首先，它侧重于解释可能阻碍经济增长的机会中的性别不平等的一系列因素。该研究试图探讨劳动力市场中持续存在的性别不平等如何对经济增长产生负面影响。此外，经济增长和贸易多样化如何创造影响劳动力市场性别不平等的途径。其次，本研究试图说明男女就业机会差距如何制约贸易多样化。第三，贸易多样化可引起各部门生产结构的改变，这可对两性不平等产生积极或消极的影响。实际影响是本研究尝试的实证探索问题。作者在这项研究中表明，在印度这样的发展中国家，性别不平等通过性别机会差距直接减少了贸易多样化，并通过阻碍经济增长间接减少了贸易多样化，从而对贸易多样化产生了不利影响。
{"title":"How trade diversification and economic growth affect gender inequality in female labour market participation? The case of India","authors":"Sudeshna Ghosh","doi":"10.1108/JED-12-2020-0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JED-12-2020-0194","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe author attempts to investigate through empirical exercise how the chances of female employment opportunities rise in a developing country like India, against the backdrop of changes in institutions that are associated with globalization. Following Dreher et al. (2012), the author measures how institutional arrangements proxied by political, cultural and social globalization impact women's labour force participation.Design/methodology/approachThe relation between female labour force participation, economic growth and further export diversification are quite complex. The paper develops a simultaneous equation model through a growth equation, gender equation and globalization equation to identify the factors impacting female labour market opportunities in India, based on annual time series data 1991–2019.FindingsThe major results of this study are summarized as: (1) it is social globalization that positively impacts gender equality in employment opportunities apart from economic growth and trade diversification. (2) Evidence of “feminization of labour force” in the context of trade diversification is found and (3) equal gender opportunities reflect in equalizing outcomes in the labour market.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the literature on gender inequality and economic growth in three major ways. First, it focuses upon a set of factors that explain gender inequality in opportunities that may impede economic growth. The study tries to explore how the persistence of gender inequality in the labour market influences negatively economic growth. Further how economic growth and trade diversification create pathways to impact gender inequality in the labour market. Second, the study tries to show how the male–female gap in employment opportunities constrains trade diversification. Third, trade diversification can induce modifications in the structure of production across sectors which can have a positive or negative impact on gender inequality. The actual impact is a matter of empirical exploration which this study has attempted. The author has shown in this study that gender inequality in a developing country like India reduces trade diversification directly through gender gaps in opportunity and indirectly by impeding economic growth which adversely impacts trade diversification.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82247963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-18DOI: 10.1108/jed-02-2021-0025
Thang Bach, Hung Ly Dai, Viet Hung Nguyen, Thanh Le
PurposeThis paper examines the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn the context of the private business sector in Vietnam, this study link individual labor market data with union coverage at provincial level in the period 2013–2016 to investigate the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes. Contingent on the outcome variable, we use the OLS and probit model that control for diverse individual characteristics, year- and industry-fixed effects, and particularly control for selection bias in the labor market.FindingsThe empirical results show that the union coverage is positively associated with a wide range of the youth's labor market outcomes, including employment status, wage rate, work hour, and job formality. Also, the coverage is complementary to individual labor contract in determining the youth's wage rate.Originality/valueThis study provides an in-depth study on the interplay between trade union and the youth's labor market outcomes that contributes to the literature of labor market institutions and youth employment policies in a dynamic transitional economy of Vietnam.
{"title":"Sub-national union coverage and the youth's labor market outcomes: evidence from a national survey in Vietnam","authors":"Thang Bach, Hung Ly Dai, Viet Hung Nguyen, Thanh Le","doi":"10.1108/jed-02-2021-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jed-02-2021-0025","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper examines the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn the context of the private business sector in Vietnam, this study link individual labor market data with union coverage at provincial level in the period 2013–2016 to investigate the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes. Contingent on the outcome variable, we use the OLS and probit model that control for diverse individual characteristics, year- and industry-fixed effects, and particularly control for selection bias in the labor market.FindingsThe empirical results show that the union coverage is positively associated with a wide range of the youth's labor market outcomes, including employment status, wage rate, work hour, and job formality. Also, the coverage is complementary to individual labor contract in determining the youth's wage rate.Originality/valueThis study provides an in-depth study on the interplay between trade union and the youth's labor market outcomes that contributes to the literature of labor market institutions and youth employment policies in a dynamic transitional economy of Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.1108/JED-06-2020-0073
Sohail Amjed, Iqtidar Ali Shah
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate long-run and short-run relationships between trade diversification, financial system development, capital formation and economic growth.Design/methodology/approachARDL estimation approach is applied to analyze long-run and short-run relationships between the financial system development, capital formation, economic growth and trade diversification in case of the Sultanate of Oman over the period 39 years starting from 1979 till 2017.FindingsThe results show that financial system development and economic growth has a positive impact on trade diversification in the short-run and long-run. However, capital formation has a negative impact on trade diversification in the short run and long run. The negative relationship between trade diversification and capital formation implies that over the period of study, the investment in capital goods was made to enhance the production capacity of the oil sector to maximize revenue.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to analyze long-run and short-run relationship between the financial system development, capital formation and economic growth and trade diversification in case of Sultanate of Oman.Practical implicationsTo achieve the diversification goal, the policymakers need to formulate policies to strengthen the financial system and invest in infrastructure development to promote the non-oil sector. The research findings of this study will provide insights to the policymakers to formulate an effective diversification policy.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the short-run and long-run analysis of the selected variables in the context of an oil-dependent country.
{"title":"Does financial system development, capital formation and economic growth induces trade diversification?","authors":"Sohail Amjed, Iqtidar Ali Shah","doi":"10.1108/JED-06-2020-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JED-06-2020-0073","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate long-run and short-run relationships between trade diversification, financial system development, capital formation and economic growth.Design/methodology/approachARDL estimation approach is applied to analyze long-run and short-run relationships between the financial system development, capital formation, economic growth and trade diversification in case of the Sultanate of Oman over the period 39 years starting from 1979 till 2017.FindingsThe results show that financial system development and economic growth has a positive impact on trade diversification in the short-run and long-run. However, capital formation has a negative impact on trade diversification in the short run and long run. The negative relationship between trade diversification and capital formation implies that over the period of study, the investment in capital goods was made to enhance the production capacity of the oil sector to maximize revenue.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to analyze long-run and short-run relationship between the financial system development, capital formation and economic growth and trade diversification in case of Sultanate of Oman.Practical implicationsTo achieve the diversification goal, the policymakers need to formulate policies to strengthen the financial system and invest in infrastructure development to promote the non-oil sector. The research findings of this study will provide insights to the policymakers to formulate an effective diversification policy.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the short-run and long-run analysis of the selected variables in the context of an oil-dependent country.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80553057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1108/JED-09-2020-0120
P. Parida, A. Mitra, K. Pradhan
PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector using the unit level information from the database of Ministry of Corporate Affair, Government of India.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the previous studies, the present study first bifurcated the missing enterprises into two categories such as “permanently” dropped and “reappeared,” in order to pursue a meaningful analysis and derive conclusions with policy insights. Various financial indicators were used to explain the causes of MM phenomena during 2009–2010 and 2016–2017, in a logistic framework.FindingsThe study found that profit margin ratio is higher for the group of medium sized enterprises which continued in comparison to the units which dropped out permanently. Similar is the case with the ratio of investment turnover. The econometric results, however suggest that the relationship between the chances of a firm being dropped out and financial indicators is weak as the coefficients of various financial indicators are found to be statistically significant only for a few years.Originality/valueThe study suggests that the missing middle phenomenon is not a myth in India as very large number of medium-sized firms have been disappearing from the market over the years. Based on firm level data it identifies the factors which resulted in such a phenomenon.
{"title":"The missing middle phenomenon in Indian manufacturing sector: myths or realities?","authors":"P. Parida, A. Mitra, K. Pradhan","doi":"10.1108/JED-09-2020-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JED-09-2020-0120","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector using the unit level information from the database of Ministry of Corporate Affair, Government of India.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the previous studies, the present study first bifurcated the missing enterprises into two categories such as “permanently” dropped and “reappeared,” in order to pursue a meaningful analysis and derive conclusions with policy insights. Various financial indicators were used to explain the causes of MM phenomena during 2009–2010 and 2016–2017, in a logistic framework.FindingsThe study found that profit margin ratio is higher for the group of medium sized enterprises which continued in comparison to the units which dropped out permanently. Similar is the case with the ratio of investment turnover. The econometric results, however suggest that the relationship between the chances of a firm being dropped out and financial indicators is weak as the coefficients of various financial indicators are found to be statistically significant only for a few years.Originality/valueThe study suggests that the missing middle phenomenon is not a myth in India as very large number of medium-sized firms have been disappearing from the market over the years. Based on firm level data it identifies the factors which resulted in such a phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":34568,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Development","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79318673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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