Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1850
Lina Kasparaitė-Balaišė
{"title":"Lietuvos kariuomenės kovinė parengtis 1935–1940 metais | The Combat Readiness of the Lithuanian Army in 1935–1940","authors":"Lina Kasparaitė-Balaišė","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42739289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1851
W. Rezmer
On 17 March 1938, Warsaw delivered an ultimatum to Kaunas. after the 18 years of nonexistent official diplomatic relations with Poland due to the occupation of Vilnius in 1920, lithuania was forced to renew them. The acceptance of the ultimatum in lithuania heavily influenced the prestige of the authoritarian regime, but opened a new stage in relations between lithuania and Poland on the eve of the Second World War. in addition to the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to lithuania franciszek charwat, Poland appointed leon Mitkiewicz (1896–1972) as its military attaché to the diplomatic mission in Kaunas. having scrupulously documented his life and service, Mitkiewicz observed lithuania both before and after his appointment. he also conducted numerous political-military analyses, trying to assess the direction of international and geopolitical events. The article gives an overview of Mitkiewicz’s notes on Polish-lithuanian relations, and lithuania and its war potential both before and after the 1938 ultimatum. Key WOrdS: lithuanian-Polish relations, war potential, lithuanian armed forces. anOTacija 1938 m. kovo 17 d. Varšuva paskelbė ultimatumą Kaunui. Dėl Vilniaus okupacijos nutraukusi su Lenkija oficialius diplomatinius santykius 1920 m., Lietuva buvo priversta juos atnaujinti. Ultimatumo priėmimas Lietuvoje smarkiai kirto per autoritarinio režimo prestižą, bet atvėrė naują Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykių Antrojo pasaulinio karo išvakarėse etapą. Be nepaprastojo pasiuntinio ir įgaliotojo ministro Lietuvai Franciszeko Charwato, į diplomatinę atstovybę Kaune Lenkija paskyrė karo atašė Leoną Mitkiewiczių (1896–1972). Skrupulingai dokumentavęs savo gyvenimo ir tarnybos įvykius, L. Mitkiewiczius stebėjo Lietuvą tiek iki jo paskyrimo, tiek ir po jo. Jis paliko daugybę politinių ir karinių analizių, kuriose bandė įvertinti tarptautinių ir geopolitinių įvykių tendencijas. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiami L. Mitkiewicziaus užrašai apie Lenkijos ir Lietuvos santykius, Lietuvą ir jos potencialą kariauti tiek prieš ultimatumo paskelbimą 1938 m., tiek po jo. PAgrinDiniAi žoDžiAi: Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykiai, valstybės potencialas kariauti, Lietuvos kariuomenė. Waldemar rezmer, dr. hab., professor, nicolaus copernicus University, institute of history and archival Sciences, Department of Military History, ul. Bojarskiego 1, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland. E-mail: wre@umk.pl.
{"title":"Lithuania and its War Potential in the Literary Activities of Leon Mitkiewicz, the First Polish Military Attaché in Kaunas","authors":"W. Rezmer","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1851","url":null,"abstract":"On 17 March 1938, Warsaw delivered an ultimatum to Kaunas. after the 18 years of nonexistent official diplomatic relations with Poland due to the occupation of Vilnius in 1920, lithuania was forced to renew them. The acceptance of the ultimatum in lithuania heavily influenced the prestige of the authoritarian regime, but opened a new stage in relations between lithuania and Poland on the eve of the Second World War. in addition to the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to lithuania franciszek charwat, Poland appointed leon Mitkiewicz (1896–1972) as its military attaché to the diplomatic mission in Kaunas. having scrupulously documented his life and service, Mitkiewicz observed lithuania both before and after his appointment. he also conducted numerous political-military analyses, trying to assess the direction of international and geopolitical events. The article gives an overview of Mitkiewicz’s notes on Polish-lithuanian relations, and lithuania and its war potential both before and after the 1938 ultimatum. Key WOrdS: lithuanian-Polish relations, war potential, lithuanian armed forces. anOTacija 1938 m. kovo 17 d. Varšuva paskelbė ultimatumą Kaunui. Dėl Vilniaus okupacijos nutraukusi su Lenkija oficialius diplomatinius santykius 1920 m., Lietuva buvo priversta juos atnaujinti. Ultimatumo priėmimas Lietuvoje smarkiai kirto per autoritarinio režimo prestižą, bet atvėrė naują Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykių Antrojo pasaulinio karo išvakarėse etapą. Be nepaprastojo pasiuntinio ir įgaliotojo ministro Lietuvai Franciszeko Charwato, į diplomatinę atstovybę Kaune Lenkija paskyrė karo atašė Leoną Mitkiewiczių (1896–1972). Skrupulingai dokumentavęs savo gyvenimo ir tarnybos įvykius, L. Mitkiewiczius stebėjo Lietuvą tiek iki jo paskyrimo, tiek ir po jo. Jis paliko daugybę politinių ir karinių analizių, kuriose bandė įvertinti tarptautinių ir geopolitinių įvykių tendencijas. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiami L. Mitkiewicziaus užrašai apie Lenkijos ir Lietuvos santykius, Lietuvą ir jos potencialą kariauti tiek prieš ultimatumo paskelbimą 1938 m., tiek po jo. PAgrinDiniAi žoDžiAi: Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykiai, valstybės potencialas kariauti, Lietuvos kariuomenė. Waldemar rezmer, dr. hab., professor, nicolaus copernicus University, institute of history and archival Sciences, Department of Military History, ul. Bojarskiego 1, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland. E-mail: wre@umk.pl.","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1933
V. Baranov, V. Ivakin
This article is devoted to an analysis of burials with weaponry from the Ostriv graveyard near the River Ros’, about 100 kilometres to the south of Kyiv in the Middle dnieper area, excavated during 2017 and 2018. Weapons (axes, pila, sword pommels) were discovered in 11 burials, representing approximately 20% of the total number of burials, and about 60% of all male burials investigated in the graveyard. An analysis of the material from the graveyard (weapons and jewellery) refers burials to West Balt migrants: Old Prussians, Curonians and Skalvians. They probably protected hill-forts of Kyivan Rus’ in the Ros’ region. The archaeological finds were supported by historical sources: chro-nicles of Kyivan Rusʼ. They evidence about the activities of Yaroslav the Wise aimed at reinforcing the southern borders of Kyivan Rus’. But it is hard to say exactly when Yaroslav relocated West Balts to the region of the River Ros’. nevertheless, according to written sources and archaeological material, it could be dated from 1030 to the middle of the 11th century.
{"title":"Burials with Weaponry in the Ostriv Baltic Graveyard in the Middle Dnieper Area (Excavated in 2017 and 2018)","authors":"V. Baranov, V. Ivakin","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1933","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to an analysis of burials with weaponry from the Ostriv graveyard near the River Ros’, about 100 kilometres to the south of Kyiv in the Middle dnieper area, excavated during 2017 and 2018. Weapons (axes, pila, sword pommels) were discovered in 11 burials, representing approximately 20% of the total number of burials, and about 60% of all male burials investigated in the graveyard. An analysis of the material from the graveyard (weapons and jewellery) refers burials to West Balt migrants: Old Prussians, Curonians and Skalvians. They probably protected hill-forts of Kyivan Rus’ in the Ros’ region. The archaeological finds were supported by historical sources: chro-nicles of Kyivan Rusʼ. They evidence about the activities of Yaroslav the Wise aimed at reinforcing the southern borders of Kyivan Rus’. But it is hard to say exactly when Yaroslav relocated West Balts to the region of the River Ros’. nevertheless, according to written sources and archaeological material, it could be dated from 1030 to the middle of the 11th century.","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1857
Vasilijus Safronovas
{"title":"Šimtmečio atgarsiai: ar pasikeis Pirmojo pasaulinio karo vertinimas Lietuvoje?","authors":"Vasilijus Safronovas","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1931
Alicja Dobrosielska
the article deals with the main types of social and military relations between the indigenous people and the new landlords that formed in the times of building and reinforcing the rule of the teutonic order in warmia, a part of Prussia. these included military action and the military obligations of the indigenous people and their descendants in the 13th and 14th centuries. the issue is discussed in the context of the family ties of the old Prussians. in the era of the conquest, and when building the territory of the teutonic order in Prussia, family rule over possessions was reinforced at the expense of other social relations. From the article, it is clear that the military potential of the diocese of warmia was supported mainly by the indigenous people, who were granted Kulm law and received other privileges. it also seems that old Prussians not only fought alongside the order (knights of the old Prussian origin, small freemen, equites Prutheni), but also led the army of the diocese as bishopric vogts.
{"title":"‘Power to the Family.’ The Military Obligations of Old Prussians in Warmia in the Context of their Family Ties (13th and 14th Centuries)","authors":"Alicja Dobrosielska","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1931","url":null,"abstract":"the article deals with the main types of social and military relations between the indigenous people and the new landlords that formed in the times of building and reinforcing the rule of the teutonic order in warmia, a part of Prussia. these included military action and the military obligations of the indigenous people and their descendants in the 13th and 14th centuries. the issue is discussed in the context of the family ties of the old Prussians. in the era of the conquest, and when building the territory of the teutonic order in Prussia, family rule over possessions was reinforced at the expense of other social relations. From the article, it is clear that the military potential of the diocese of warmia was supported mainly by the indigenous people, who were granted Kulm law and received other privileges. it also seems that old Prussians not only fought alongside the order (knights of the old Prussian origin, small freemen, equites Prutheni), but also led the army of the diocese as bishopric vogts.","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46943229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/ahuk.v37i0.1928
Marius Ščavinskas, Jolanta Skurdauskienė
{"title":"Įvadas","authors":"Marius Ščavinskas, Jolanta Skurdauskienė","doi":"10.15181/ahuk.v37i0.1928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v37i0.1928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1930
Marius Ščavinskas
The first part of the article presents historiographical problems relating to the warrior classes in Baltic and Finnish societies. In the second and third parts, it analyses Balt and Finnish societies relating to the formation of the warrior classes, with regard to the relationship between the chief/nobleman and the warriors, the meaning of the management of property and inheritance, and the vertical formation of relationships between noblemen and warriors. The written sources presented in the article show that at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, there was a stable institution of management and inheritance of property, which enabled noblemen and the warriors subordinate to them to increase their power with regard to other members of the community. This provided conditions for the formation of a ‘military democracy’, where the most important decisions concerning the community are approved not by all free members of the community, but by the noblemen and warriors subordinate to them. The basic idea of the article is that the ‘inheritance’ of the power/status of the noblemen is related to the right to inherit property (the castle and the surrounding territory, the homeland). It should be noted that by relating the management and inheritance of property to ‘inherited’ and acquired power, a vertical relationship appears between the nobleman and the warrior, which is based on subordination, not on consensus. Key WordS: Baltic and Finnish societies, warriors, vertical power/subordination relationships, real estate, hill-fort/castle. Anotacija Straipsnio pirmojoje dalyje pristatomos baltų ir finų kariauninkų sluoksnio formavimosi problemos istoriografijoje. Antrojoje ir trečiojoje dalyse analizuojamas baltų ir finų kariauninkų sluoksnio formavimasis, atsižvelgiant į vado / kilmingojo santykį su kariauninkais, nekilnojamojo turto valdymo ir paveldėjimo reikšmę bei kilmingųjų ir kariauninkų vertikalių santykių formavimąsi. Straipsnyje aptariami rašytiniai šaltiniai rodo, kad XII–XIII a. sandūroje būta nusistovėjusio nekilnojamojo turto valdymo ir paveldėjimo instituto, kuris leido kilmingiesiems ir jiems pavaldiems kariauninkams išplėsti savo galią kitų bendruomenės narių atžvilgiu. Tai sudarė sąlygas įsigalėti vadinamajai „karinei demokratijai“, kai svarbiausi bendruomenę liečiantys sprendimai buvo priimami ne laisvųjų bendruomenės narių, o kilmingųjų ir jiems paklūstančių kariauninkų. Straipsnio pagrindinė mintis ta, jog kilmingųjų galios / statuso „paveldėjimas“ yra susijęs su teise paveldėti nekilnojamąjį turtą (pirmiausia pilį ir aplink ją esančią teritoriją, t. y. tėvonines žemes). Pažymėtina, kad nekilnojamojo turto valdymą ir paveldėjimą susiejus su „paveldima“ ir įgyjama galia, atsiranda vertikalus kilmingojo ir kario santykis, grįstas pavaldumu, o ne susitarimu. PAgrIndInIAI žodžIAI: baltų ir finų visuomenės, kariauninkai, vertikalieji galios / pavaldumo ryšiai, nekilnojamasis turtas, piliakalnis / pilis. Marius Ščavinskas, dr., research
{"title":"Some Comments on the Formation of Medieval Warriors in Baltic and Finnish Societies (in the 12th and Early 13th Centuries)","authors":"Marius Ščavinskas","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1930","url":null,"abstract":"The first part of the article presents historiographical problems relating to the warrior classes in Baltic and Finnish societies. In the second and third parts, it analyses Balt and Finnish societies relating to the formation of the warrior classes, with regard to the relationship between the chief/nobleman and the warriors, the meaning of the management of property and inheritance, and the vertical formation of relationships between noblemen and warriors. The written sources presented in the article show that at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, there was a stable institution of management and inheritance of property, which enabled noblemen and the warriors subordinate to them to increase their power with regard to other members of the community. This provided conditions for the formation of a ‘military democracy’, where the most important decisions concerning the community are approved not by all free members of the community, but by the noblemen and warriors subordinate to them. The basic idea of the article is that the ‘inheritance’ of the power/status of the noblemen is related to the right to inherit property (the castle and the surrounding territory, the homeland). It should be noted that by relating the management and inheritance of property to ‘inherited’ and acquired power, a vertical relationship appears between the nobleman and the warrior, which is based on subordination, not on consensus. Key WordS: Baltic and Finnish societies, warriors, vertical power/subordination relationships, real estate, hill-fort/castle. Anotacija Straipsnio pirmojoje dalyje pristatomos baltų ir finų kariauninkų sluoksnio formavimosi problemos istoriografijoje. Antrojoje ir trečiojoje dalyse analizuojamas baltų ir finų kariauninkų sluoksnio formavimasis, atsižvelgiant į vado / kilmingojo santykį su kariauninkais, nekilnojamojo turto valdymo ir paveldėjimo reikšmę bei kilmingųjų ir kariauninkų vertikalių santykių formavimąsi. Straipsnyje aptariami rašytiniai šaltiniai rodo, kad XII–XIII a. sandūroje būta nusistovėjusio nekilnojamojo turto valdymo ir paveldėjimo instituto, kuris leido kilmingiesiems ir jiems pavaldiems kariauninkams išplėsti savo galią kitų bendruomenės narių atžvilgiu. Tai sudarė sąlygas įsigalėti vadinamajai „karinei demokratijai“, kai svarbiausi bendruomenę liečiantys sprendimai buvo priimami ne laisvųjų bendruomenės narių, o kilmingųjų ir jiems paklūstančių kariauninkų. Straipsnio pagrindinė mintis ta, jog kilmingųjų galios / statuso „paveldėjimas“ yra susijęs su teise paveldėti nekilnojamąjį turtą (pirmiausia pilį ir aplink ją esančią teritoriją, t. y. tėvonines žemes). Pažymėtina, kad nekilnojamojo turto valdymą ir paveldėjimą susiejus su „paveldima“ ir įgyjama galia, atsiranda vertikalus kilmingojo ir kario santykis, grįstas pavaldumu, o ne susitarimu. PAgrIndInIAI žodžIAI: baltų ir finų visuomenės, kariauninkai, vertikalieji galios / pavaldumo ryšiai, nekilnojamasis turtas, piliakalnis / pilis. Marius Ščavinskas, dr., research ","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/ahuk.v36i0.1847
Vasilijus Safronovas, Vytautas Jokubauskas
{"title":"Įvadas","authors":"Vasilijus Safronovas, Vytautas Jokubauskas","doi":"10.15181/ahuk.v36i0.1847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v36i0.1847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42394143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V37I0.1929
J. Tomášek
The conception of the history of the Polabian Slavs, and the interpretation of tribal structures, has changed several times since the formation of critical historiography. The article set the goal of summarising and expanding on some of the crucial points in historical research into the development of Slavic society in the Polabian area. Since the 19th century, researchers have adhered to the division of Slavs into three groups, Obodrites, veleti/lutici and Sorbes, which corresponds with the quantitative use in surviving contemporary sources. These three groups, and the entire tribal organisation, must, however, be put into the context of the history of barbarian Europe. The segmental structure of the Polabian tribes showed some signs of a tribal democracy, and given the military character of individual federations, the whole system could be called a military democracy; but because of the strong ties with religion and religious rites, the current discourse rejects the strict division of military and sacral characters of tribal institutions. Therefore, it is not quite possible to determine whether the tribal organisation of the Polabian Slavs was an equal alternative to Medieval states, as we know from bohemia, Poland and Hungary. KEY wORdS: Polabian Slavs, tribal structures, tribal union, military democracy, Obodrites, veleti/lutici, Sorbes, barbarian Europe. Anotacija Nuo kritinės istoriografijos susiformavimo Paelbio slavų ir jų gentinių struktūrų istorijos interpretacijos keitėsi kelis kartus. Šiame darbe siekiama apibendrinti ir išplėtoti kai kuriuos svarbiausius slavų visuomenės raidos istorinių tyrimų aspektus Paelbio regione. Nuo XIX a. mokslininkai laikosi slavų skirstymo į tris grupes – obodritus, veletus / liutičius ir sorbus, kurie išskiriami šiuo metu išlikusiuose rašytiniuose šaltiniuose. Šios trys grupės ir jų gentinė organizacija nagrinėtinos įtraukiant jas į bendrą barbariškosios Europos istoriją. Paelbio slavų segmentinė struktūra rodo kai kuriuos gentinės demokratijos požymius ir, atsižvelgiant į atskirų federacijų karinį pobūdį, ši sistema galėtų būti įvardijama kaip karinė demokratija, bet dėl glaudaus ryšio su kultu ir religinėmis apeigomis dabartinis tyrimų diskursas atmeta griežtą gentinių institucijų karinio ir sakralinio pobūdžio dalijimąsi. Dėl šios priežasties sunku pasakyti, ar Paelbio slavų gentinė organizacija buvo tapati alternatyva mums žinomoms viduramžių valstybėms, tokioms kaip Čekija, Lenkija ir Vengrija. PagrINDINIaI žoDžIaI: Paelbio slavai, gentinės struktūros, genčių sąjunga, karinė demokratija, obodritai, veletai / liutičiai, sorbai, barbarų Europa. Jan Tomášek, mgr., doctoral student, Charles University, faculty of Arts, Department of Czech History, nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38 Praha 1, Czech respublic. E-mail: vulkanec@seznam.cz. MEdIEvAl wARRIORS IN THE SlAvIC ANd bAlTIC AREA acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis XXXVII, 2018, 21–40. ISSN 1392-4095 (Print), ISSN 2351-6526 (online) DoI: http://dx.doi.o
自批判史学形成以来，关于波拉比亚斯拉夫人历史的概念以及对部落结构的解释已经发生了几次变化。本文旨在对波兰地区斯拉夫社会发展历史研究中的一些关键问题进行总结和拓展。自19世纪以来，研究人员坚持将斯拉夫人分为三个群体，即Obodrites, veleti/lutici和Sorbes，这与幸存的当代资料中的定量使用相一致。然而，这三个部落，以及整个部落组织，必须放在蛮族欧洲的历史背景中考虑。波拉比亚部落的分段结构显示出部落民主的一些迹象，鉴于个别联邦的军事性质，整个系统可以被称为军事民主;但由于与宗教和宗教仪式的紧密联系，当前的话语拒绝严格区分部落机构的军事和神圣特征。因此，不太可能确定波拉比亚斯拉夫人的部落组织是否与我们从波西米亚、波兰和匈牙利了解到的中世纪国家一样，是一个平等的选择。关键词:波拉比亚斯拉夫人，部落结构，部落联盟，军事民主，奥博德里特人，veleti/lutici，索布人，蛮族欧洲Anotacija Nuo kritinės istoriografijos susiformavimo Paelbio slaviir jiligeninioi struktūrų istorijos interpretacijos keitėsi kelis kartus。Šiame darbe sikiama apibendrinti ir išplėtoti kai kuriuos svarbiausius slavi visuomenės raidos istorinii tyrimi aspektus Paelbio地区。noo XIX . a. mokslininkai laikosi slavu skirstymo ø tris grupes - obodritus, veletus / liutius ir sorbus, kurie išskiriami šiuo metu išlikusiuose rašytiniuose šaltiniuose。Šios trys grupės ir jologenindoorganizacja nagrinėtinos įtraukiant jas bendrobarbariškosios Europos istorijoz。Paelbio斯拉夫ųsegmentinėstruktūra rodo kai kuriuos gentinė年代demokratijos阿宝žymius ir, atsižvelgiantįatskirųfederacijųkarinįpobūdįš我sistema加ėtųbūtiįvardijama kaip karinėdemokratija,打赌dėl glaudaus ryšio苏kultu红外religinėmis apeigomis dabartinis tyrimųdiskursas atmeta griežtągentiniųinstitucijųkarinio红外sakralinio pobūdžio dalijimąsi。Dėl šios priežasties sunku pasakyti, ar Paelbio slavi gentinvik organizacija buvo tapati alternatyva mums žinomoms viduramžių valstybėms, tokioms kaip Čekija, Lenkija ir Vengrija。PagrINDINIaI žoDžIaI: Paelbio slavai, gentinės struktūros, gen iao sąjunga, karinkidemokratija, obodritai, veletai / liuti iai, sorbai, barbaraieuropa。Jan Tomášek，经理，查尔斯大学捷克历史系文学院博士生，nám。Jana Palacha 2, 116 38布拉格1，捷克共和国。电子邮件:vulkanec@seznam.cz。斯拉夫和波罗的海地区的中世纪战士。克莱佩斯大学学报(历史版)，2018,21-40。ISSN 1392-4095 (Print)， ISSN 2351-6526 (online) DoI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v37i0.1929
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Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1848
J. Šiliņš
In January 1919, the Army of Soviet Latvia (ASL) emerged out of Red Army units fighting onfuture Latvian territory. Until its dissolution in early June 1919, units of the ASL participated ina war that covered areas claimed by both the Latvian and Lithuanian governments. The articleaims to reevaluate the campaign in northern Lithuania in the first half of 1919. Until today, thefighting on the left flank of the ASL has been seen as a secondary front, and therefore usuallyoverlooked. The article explores the plans of the ASL, the forces involved, and the actual warfare.Attention is also paid to events behind the front line, and the activities of the Soviet Latvianauthorities in Lithuania. Key words: Red Army, Army of Soviet Latvia, Latvian-Soviet war, Lithuanian-Soviet war.
{"title":"The Soviet Army in Northern Lithuania between January and June 1919","authors":"J. Šiliņš","doi":"10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/AHUK.V36I0.1848","url":null,"abstract":"In January 1919, the Army of Soviet Latvia (ASL) emerged out of Red Army units fighting onfuture Latvian territory. Until its dissolution in early June 1919, units of the ASL participated ina war that covered areas claimed by both the Latvian and Lithuanian governments. The articleaims to reevaluate the campaign in northern Lithuania in the first half of 1919. Until today, thefighting on the left flank of the ASL has been seen as a secondary front, and therefore usuallyoverlooked. The article explores the plans of the ASL, the forces involved, and the actual warfare.Attention is also paid to events behind the front line, and the activities of the Soviet Latvianauthorities in Lithuania. Key words: Red Army, Army of Soviet Latvia, Latvian-Soviet war, Lithuanian-Soviet war.","PeriodicalId":34649,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41997872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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