Theory and Research gap regarding the relationship between demographic/household characteristics and household electricity demand need to be studied. Several findings show that demographic/ household characteristic factors are very important for the determinant of household electrical energy demand. This article is intended to clarify how demographic/household factors influence household electricity demand so that a better model of household electricity demand is obtained.
{"title":"Research Gap of Household Electricity Demand","authors":"Tongam Sihol Nababan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3441558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3441558","url":null,"abstract":"Theory and Research gap regarding the relationship between demographic/household characteristics and household electricity demand need to be studied. Several findings show that demographic/ household characteristic factors are very important for the determinant of household electrical energy demand. This article is intended to clarify how demographic/household factors influence household electricity demand so that a better model of household electricity demand is obtained.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131511993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even after almost fifty years since the publication of “Korea: The Politics of the Vortex,” the image of the vortex persists, potently characterizing the nation’s political system and politics. Despite the politics of the vortex or at least in part because of it, in fact, Korea has transformed itself from an aid recipient into the ranks of a donor country by the late 1990s. With its downward trend in long-term potential growth rate since then, however, Korea suffers from growing polarization problems in multiple dimensions: rising income and wealth inequality and widening gaps in earnings between large and small firms as well as in growth between more competitive heavy and chemical manufacturers and still backward light manufacturers or service sector operators. In short, while being increasingly haunted by a series of structural and institutional problems, the Korean political economy today finds itself unable to adequately deal with them. This paper argues that while Korea’s politics of the vortex or “top-downism,” characterized by vertical political structure, centralized decision making, and the dearth of institutionalized checks and balances, had led to rapid growth in the past, it has become dysfunctional over time, constituting a key causal factor behind the nation’s polarization problems. By analyzing the causal linkage through both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the present paper examines the limits to the developmental state’s capacity to resolve structural problems of its own. In so doing, it offers a fresh, alternative understanding of Korean development and a critique of the politics of the vortex.
{"title":"The Political Economy of Vortex in South Korea: The Limits to the Developmental State's Problem-Solving Capacity","authors":"H. Park","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3418732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3418732","url":null,"abstract":"Even after almost fifty years since the publication of “Korea: The Politics of the Vortex,” the image of the vortex persists, potently characterizing the nation’s political system and politics. Despite the politics of the vortex or at least in part because of it, in fact, Korea has transformed itself from an aid recipient into the ranks of a donor country by the late 1990s. With its downward trend in long-term potential growth rate since then, however, Korea suffers from growing polarization problems in multiple dimensions: rising income and wealth inequality and widening gaps in earnings between large and small firms as well as in growth between more competitive heavy and chemical manufacturers and still backward light manufacturers or service sector operators. In short, while being increasingly haunted by a series of structural and institutional problems, the Korean political economy today finds itself unable to adequately deal with them. This paper argues that while Korea’s politics of the vortex or “top-downism,” characterized by vertical political structure, centralized decision making, and the dearth of institutionalized checks and balances, had led to rapid growth in the past, it has become dysfunctional over time, constituting a key causal factor behind the nation’s polarization problems. By analyzing the causal linkage through both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the present paper examines the limits to the developmental state’s capacity to resolve structural problems of its own. In so doing, it offers a fresh, alternative understanding of Korean development and a critique of the politics of the vortex.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper optimal income taxation theories are subject of investigation following the classic paper in public finance by Mirrlees (1971), than the models of Sadka (1976), Seade,(1977), Akerlof (1978), Stiglitz (1982), Diamond (1998), and Saez (2001), Piketty-Saez-Stantcheva (2014), all related to the classic paper by Mirrlees (1971). The problem is to maximize integral over population of the social evaluation of individual utility, that depends on individual consumption and labor. This paper first posed the problem of asymmetric information since the basic idea of the paper is that a first-best redistribution scheme is based on innate ability, and the information about ability is known to the individual, the government observes instead earnings. Mirrlees (1971), provides analytical solutions for the second-best efficient tax system in presence of such an adverse selection. Untill late 1990s, Mirrlees results not closely connected to empirical tax studies and little impact on tax policy recommendations Since late 1990s, Diamond (1998), Saez (2001) have connected Mirrlees model to practical tax policy / empirical tax studies. Mankiw, Weinzierl, and Yagan (2009) provide MATLAB code for analyzing the Mirrlees model MTR and wages, they are using log-normal and Pareto distributions. Later we look up to theory for optimal commodity sales taxes Ramsey (1927),using Ramsey rule utilized in Feldstein (1978) also, Diamond-Mirrlees (1971a), Diamond-Mirrlees (1971b) propose alternative to Ramsey proposition.
{"title":"Optimal Taxation in Theory","authors":"Dushko Josheski, Tatjana Boshkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3390397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3390397","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper optimal income taxation theories are subject of investigation following the classic paper in public finance by Mirrlees (1971), than the models of Sadka (1976), Seade,(1977), Akerlof (1978), Stiglitz (1982), Diamond (1998), and Saez (2001), Piketty-Saez-Stantcheva (2014), all related to the classic paper by Mirrlees (1971). The problem is to maximize integral over population of the social evaluation of individual utility, that depends on individual consumption and labor. This paper first posed the problem of asymmetric information since the basic idea of the paper is that a first-best redistribution scheme is based on innate ability, and the information about ability is known to the individual, the government observes instead earnings. Mirrlees (1971), provides analytical solutions for the second-best efficient tax system in presence of such an adverse selection. Untill late 1990s, Mirrlees results not closely connected to empirical tax studies and little impact on tax policy recommendations Since late 1990s, Diamond (1998), Saez (2001) have connected Mirrlees model to practical tax policy / empirical tax studies. Mankiw, Weinzierl, and Yagan (2009) provide MATLAB code for analyzing the Mirrlees model MTR and wages, they are using log-normal and Pareto distributions. Later we look up to theory for optimal commodity sales taxes Ramsey (1927),using Ramsey rule utilized in Feldstein (1978) also, Diamond-Mirrlees (1971a), Diamond-Mirrlees (1971b) propose alternative to Ramsey proposition.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117209410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korean Abstract: 본 논문�?� 기술발전�?� 청년고용�? 미치는 �?향�?� 분�?하였다. �?�를 위해 노�?��?를 청년층과 중장년층으로 나눈 후 기술발전�?� 기업�?� 노�?�수요�? 미치는 �?향�?� 연령별로 차별화�?�었는지를 분�?하였다. 기술발전�?� �?본 �?� 효율성�?� 변�?�시켜 기업�?� 노�?�수요�? �?향�?� 미치는�?�, 그 효과는 노 �?�과 �?본�?� 대체성�? 따�?� �?�기나 방향성�?� 달�?�지므로 �? 연령층 노�?��? �?� �?본과�?� 대체탄력성�?� 추정하여 비�?하였다. �?�를 위해 통계청 광업제 조업조사와 고용형태별 근로시간조사 �?료(2000년~2014년)를 활용, 산업 간 차�?�를 �?별�? �?�용하여 �?산함수�?� 주요 모수를 추정하였다. 분�? 결 과, 청년노�?��?는 중장년노�?��?�? 비해 �?대�?으로 �?본과�?� 대체탄력성 �?� �?� 것으로 나타났다. 다만 연령별 �?본 대체탄력성 차�?�가 �?�지 않�?� �? �?� �?안할 때 본 연구 결과는 최소한 기술발전�?� 청년층 노�?�수요�? �?대 �?으로 �?정�? 효과를 주지는 못하는 것으로 해�?할 수 있다. �?�구변수를 활용한 추정, �?육수준, 다양한 연령기준�?� �?용, �?종별 차�?� 등�?� 고려한 강건성 분�?�?서�?� 결과는 �?�게 다르지 않았다. �?�러한 분�?결과는 기술발 전�?� 중장년고용�? 비해 청년고용�?� �?대를 가져오기 쉽지 않으며 청년고 용정책�?� 기술발전으로 �?�한 노�?�수요�?� 구조�? 변화를 고려해서 추진�?� 어야 함�?� 시사한다. 따�?�서 취업보조금 등 단순한 청년고용 장려정책보다 새로운 기술�?� 청년노�?��?들�?� 효율�?으로 활용할 수 있게 하는 �?업�?육 강화 등�?� 청년고용 문제 개선�?� 위해 �?�욱 효과�?�?� 것으로 �?단�?�다. English Abstract: This paper analyzes the extent to which technology progress and youth employment are related. In doing so, we divide workers into two groups - young workers and elder (prime-aged) workers - and study how differently technology progress affects demand for different groups of workers. In particular, we estimate elasticity of substitution between physical capital and workers à la Jaimovich et al. (2013) since demand for different groups of labor crucially depends on the elasticity. By using Korean labor market data between 2000 and 2014, we estimate key parameters of the production function by utilizing industry variation observed in the data. Our findings robustly indicate that the elasticity of substitution is greater (or at least not smaller) for young workers than for elder workers. This finding is robust to instrumental variable regression and to different sub-groups of workers, including educational attainment, different criteria for young/prime-aged workers, male workers, occupational groups, and size of the firms. Our findings suggest that policies that help young workers to obtain skills complement to new technology can be more efficient than policies that do not consider structural change of the labor market.
Korean Abstract:本论文?是技术进步吗?是青年雇佣吗?疯了吗?是谁呢?�?你是为了我才玩的吗?将“乙”分为青年层和中壮年层之后，技术得到了发展?�企业�?是谁?是谁?疯了吗?每个年龄层都有区别不知道是不是醒了。技术进步?��?见�?效率高?�边�?是企业吗?是谁?是谁?�?乡�?我是疯了那个效果怎么样?怎么样?看到了吗?我是替代性的根据�?��?我的方向性呢?�月�?所以呢?什么年龄层?�?他是本科的对，你的弹性到底是什么?是雨是雨。�?利用统计厅矿业制作业调查和不同雇佣形态的工作时间调查(2000 - 2014年)进行产业间差别?什么情况?什么情况?�?这是酸函数吗?推定了主要参数。分�?结果，你是青年吗?你是中壮年吗?比了又怎么样?是他的本科对，你的弹性到底是什么?��?出现了这样的情况。只是年龄是多少?本，这是弹性车吗?��?不��?��?�?��?不做的时候我的研究结果至少是技术进步是年轻人吗?是周三�?大�?什么感情?就当作没办法发挥效果吧可以。�?利用我的口才来推测高汤准，各种年龄标准��?用,�?全行业汽车�?�等�?是姜健成，是谁?是谁?是什么结果?没有什么不同。�?是这样的人吗?结果是技术进步是雇佣中壮年吗?比他年轻多了��?世代不容易，是青年高中的用政策吗?因为技术的发展什么情况?什么情况?��结构?考虑到变化才推进的吗?该怎么办才好?暗示。根据�?比起就业补助金等单纯的青年雇佣奖励政策，还有什么新技术?是青年人吗?是青年人吗?��效率?是谁?是谁?肉钢和灯我是说改善青年就业问题为了��?那是什么效果?是什么?是什么?English Abstract: This paper analyzes the extent to which technology progress and youth employment are related。In doing so, we divide workers into two groups - young workers and elder (prime-aged) workers - and study how differently technology progress affects demand for different groups of workers。In particular, we estimate elasticity of substitution between physical capital and workers a la Jaimovich et al. (2013) since demand for different groups of labor crucially depends on the elasticityBy using Korean labor market data between 2000 and 2014, we estimate key parameters of the production function By utilizing industry variation observed in the data。Our findings robustly indicate that the elasticity of substitution is greater (or at least not smaller) for young workers than for elder workers。This finding is robust to instrumental variable regression and to different sub-groups of workers，包括educational attainment, different criteria for young/prime-aged workers, male workersoccupational groups, and size of the firms。我们findings suggest that policies that help young workers to obtain skills complement to new technology can be more efficient than policies that do not consider structural change of the labor market。
{"title":"기술진보와 청년고용 (Technological Progress and Youth Employment)","authors":"Myungkyu Shim, Hee-Seung Yang, Seohyun Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3262339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3262339","url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 본 논문�?� 기술발전�?� 청년고용�? 미치는 �?향�?� 분�?하였다. �?�를 위해 노�?��?를 청년층과 중장년층으로 나눈 후 기술발전�?� 기업�?� 노�?�수요�? 미치는 �?향�?� 연령별로 차별화�?�었는지를 분�?하였다. 기술발전�?� �?본 �?� 효율성�?� 변�?�시켜 기업�?� 노�?�수요�? �?향�?� 미치는�?�, 그 효과는 노 �?�과 �?본�?� 대체성�? 따�?� �?�기나 방향성�?� 달�?�지므로 �? 연령층 노�?��? �?� �?본과�?� 대체탄력성�?� 추정하여 비�?하였다. �?�를 위해 통계청 광업제 조업조사와 고용형태별 근로시간조사 �?료(2000년~2014년)를 활용, 산업 간 차�?�를 �?별�? �?�용하여 �?산함수�?� 주요 모수를 추정하였다. 분�? 결 과, 청년노�?��?는 중장년노�?��?�? 비해 �?대�?으로 �?본과�?� 대체탄력성 �?� �?� 것으로 나타났다. 다만 연령별 �?본 대체탄력성 차�?�가 �?�지 않�?� �? �?� �?안할 때 본 연구 결과는 최소한 기술발전�?� 청년층 노�?�수요�? �?대 �?으로 �?정�? 효과를 주지는 못하는 것으로 해�?할 수 있다. �?�구변수를 활용한 추정, �?육수준, 다양한 연령기준�?� �?용, �?종별 차�?� 등�?� 고려한 강건성 분�?�?서�?� 결과는 �?�게 다르지 않았다. �?�러한 분�?결과는 기술발 전�?� 중장년고용�? 비해 청년고용�?� �?대를 가져오기 쉽지 않으며 청년고 용정책�?� 기술발전으로 �?�한 노�?�수요�?� 구조�? 변화를 고려해서 추진�?� 어야 함�?� 시사한다. 따�?�서 취업보조금 등 단순한 청년고용 장려정책보다 새로운 기술�?� 청년노�?��?들�?� 효율�?으로 활용할 수 있게 하는 �?업�?육 강화 등�?� 청년고용 문제 개선�?� 위해 �?�욱 효과�?�?� 것으로 �?단�?�다. English Abstract: This paper analyzes the extent to which technology progress and youth employment are related. In doing so, we divide workers into two groups - young workers and elder (prime-aged) workers - and study how differently technology progress affects demand for different groups of workers. In particular, we estimate elasticity of substitution between physical capital and workers à la Jaimovich et al. (2013) since demand for different groups of labor crucially depends on the elasticity. By using Korean labor market data between 2000 and 2014, we estimate key parameters of the production function by utilizing industry variation observed in the data. Our findings robustly indicate that the elasticity of substitution is greater (or at least not smaller) for young workers than for elder workers. This finding is robust to instrumental variable regression and to different sub-groups of workers, including educational attainment, different criteria for young/prime-aged workers, male workers, occupational groups, and size of the firms. Our findings suggest that policies that help young workers to obtain skills complement to new technology can be more efficient than policies that do not consider structural change of the labor market.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129647438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Introduction II. Best Students Become Teachers (PISA) III. Diminishing Skills of Teachers (PIAAC) IV. Ineffective Education & Training for Teachers (TALIS) V. Conclusion References
{"title":"How Good are Korean Teachers?","authors":"Min Ji Kim, Ju-Ho Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3336359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3336359","url":null,"abstract":"I. Introduction\u0000\u0000II. Best Students Become Teachers (PISA)\u0000\u0000III. Diminishing Skills of Teachers (PIAAC)\u0000\u0000IV. Ineffective Education & Training for Teachers (TALIS)\u0000\u0000V. Conclusion\u0000\u0000References","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116759522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
North Korea's trade volume in 2016 was three times higher than in the mid-1990s. North Korea's external openness seems to have considerably increased, but it still faces difficulties in expanding its external openness due to economic sanctions by the international community. This study uses Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Claire's model (ACR model), which measures the economic welfare effects of various international trade models. In the ACR model, the "import penetration ratio," which is the ratio of imports to domestic demand, indicates the degree of external openness, and "gains from trade" is a measure of the real income growth rate that occurs when switching from a closed to an open economy. We estimated the import penetration rate and gains from trade of North Korea during 1996-2016 using North Korean foreign trade data from UN Comtrade, IMF DOTS and KOTRA as well as inter-Korean trade data from the Unification Ministry of Korea. The main results of this study are as follows. North Korea's import penetration rate has shown a gradual increase, indicating an expansion of international openness. This trend has become especially clear since 2000 when the North Korean economy began stabilizing after the end of “the Hardship March,†although it faltered slightly from 2014 to 2016. In addition, it is estimated that gains from trade is in the range of 1.5%-4.5% based on real income, and the annual change trend is similar to that of the import penetration rate.
{"title":"북한경제의 대외개방에 따른 경제적 후생 변화 분석 (Analysis on the Openness and Economic Welfare of North Korea)","authors":"Hye-Seon Jeong, Changyong Choi, Jinnil Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3178441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3178441","url":null,"abstract":"North Korea's trade volume in 2016 was three times higher than in the mid-1990s. North Korea's external openness seems to have considerably increased, but it still faces difficulties in expanding its external openness due to economic sanctions by the international community. This study uses Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Claire's model (ACR model), which measures the economic welfare effects of various international trade models. In the ACR model, the \"import penetration ratio,\" which is the ratio of imports to domestic demand, indicates the degree of external openness, and \"gains from trade\" is a measure of the real income growth rate that occurs when switching from a closed to an open economy. We estimated the import penetration rate and gains from trade of North Korea during 1996-2016 using North Korean foreign trade data from UN Comtrade, IMF DOTS and KOTRA as well as inter-Korean trade data from the Unification Ministry of Korea. The main results of this study are as follows. North Korea's import penetration rate has shown a gradual increase, indicating an expansion of international openness. This trend has become especially clear since 2000 when the North Korean economy began stabilizing after the end of “the Hardship March,†although it faltered slightly from 2014 to 2016. In addition, it is estimated that gains from trade is in the range of 1.5%-4.5% based on real income, and the annual change trend is similar to that of the import penetration rate.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123147226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3009-1.CH004
E. Burdenko, S. Mudrova
Scientific and technological advances and economic globalization impose new requirements on the organization of domestic economy. Knowledge economy development principles were formulated in order to understand current processes. Special attention was paid to specific features of the knowledge economy. A comprehensive approach proposed by the World Bank was studied under a special Knowledge for Development Program (K4D) to assess country’s economic readiness to shift to the knowledge economy model. Countries were ranged based on the Knowledge Economy Index and top-10 countries were selected. Such indices as the Global Innovation Index, the Human Development Index and collections of analytic works also indicate a transfer to the knowledge economy. The development of the Global Innovation Index was studied and top-10 countries having the highest indices were selected. A research was made into the Human Development Index and its dynamics in Russia and in G20 countries was analyzed over the period of 1995-2015. An analytic compendium entitled “Top-100 Global Innovators Report” (Clarivate Analytics. 2017) made it possible to identify world innovation hubs. The research that was carried out confirms that counties need to transfer to the knowledge economy in order to show a sustainable economic growth.
{"title":"Indicators System As a Measure of Development Level of Knowledge Economy: Application of World Bank Methodology","authors":"E. Burdenko, S. Mudrova","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-3009-1.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3009-1.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific and technological advances and economic globalization impose new requirements on the organization of domestic economy. Knowledge economy development principles were formulated in order to understand current processes. Special attention was paid to specific features of the knowledge economy. A comprehensive approach proposed by the World Bank was studied under a special Knowledge for Development Program (K4D) to assess country’s economic readiness to shift to the knowledge economy model. Countries were ranged based on the Knowledge Economy Index and top-10 countries were selected. Such indices as the Global Innovation Index, the Human Development Index and collections of analytic works also indicate a transfer to the knowledge economy. The development of the Global Innovation Index was studied and top-10 countries having the highest indices were selected. A research was made into the Human Development Index and its dynamics in Russia and in G20 countries was analyzed over the period of 1995-2015. An analytic compendium entitled “Top-100 Global Innovators Report” (Clarivate Analytics. 2017) made it possible to identify world innovation hubs. The research that was carried out confirms that counties need to transfer to the knowledge economy in order to show a sustainable economic growth.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128609895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using data on the U.S., we study the effects of employer-provided health insurance on dynamic employment substitution between 1990 and 2007 by exploiting the interindustry variation in health care coverage. We find that industries with a high health benefit structure in 1990 have experienced slower employment growth of part-time workers relative to full-time workers, in particular part-time routine workers, while the relative wage of part-time to full-time workers and capital per worker have increased more in such industries. We suggest that this can be explained as firms’ and workers’ optimal responses to the benefit structure.
{"title":"Interindustry Differentials in Health Coverage and Dynamic Employment Substitution","authors":"Youjin Hahn, Myungkyu Shim, Hee-Seung Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3090122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3090122","url":null,"abstract":"Using data on the U.S., we study the effects of employer-provided health insurance on dynamic employment substitution between 1990 and 2007 by exploiting the interindustry variation in health care coverage. We find that industries with a high health benefit structure in 1990 have experienced slower employment growth of part-time workers relative to full-time workers, in particular part-time routine workers, while the relative wage of part-time to full-time workers and capital per worker have increased more in such industries. We suggest that this can be explained as firms’ and workers’ optimal responses to the benefit structure.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korean Abstract: 년 이후 자녀의 가치는 어떻게 변화하고 있을까? 2001년 등장한 초저출산이 이후 지속되면서 자녀를 바라보는 가치관이 변화했다는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 즉, 자녀의 가 치가 줄어들면서 출산율이 낮아졌다는 주장이다. 이 논문에서는 자녀의 가치를 부모가 투입하는 시간으로 환산 가능하다고 보고, 시간사용의 변화를 통해 자녀의 가치가 달라 졌는지 살펴보았다. 1999, 2004, 2009년도 생활시간조사자료를 활용하였고, 종속변수는 6세 이하의 자녀를 둔 부모가 자녀양육에 투입한 시간으로 조작화하였다. 연구결과 부모 의 자녀 양육시간은 최근에 올수록 더 길어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2000년대 이후 변화하고 있는 근로시간과 학력수준이 각각 인구의 구성비 변화를 통해 자녀 양육 시간이 길어지고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있는지를 검증하기 위해 표준화 분석과 영향력분 해 분석을 시도하였다. 검증 결과 일부 구성비 변화효과가 발견되었지만, 실제 양육시간 증가효과가 훨씬 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.
English Abstract: The objective of this proposed research is to study the changes of fatherhood focusing on child-rearing at home. We attempt to examine the general belief that the value of children has been decreasing in nowadays. It is well known that the younger generations are suffering from time famine (time conflicts/deficit). So it is assumed that they decide to have the fewer children comparing to the older generations.
But it may not be true. Instead, the younger generations have similar or even more priority on their children. The value of children has not been changed much. The reasons of the recent fertility decline in South Korea may need to be found at the areas other than the value changes.
Korean Abstract:年以后子女的价值发生了怎样的变化?有人主张说，随着2001年出现的超低出生率现象持续下去，看待子女的价值观发生了变化。也就是说，随着子女价值的减少，出生率有所下降。这篇论文认为子女的价值可以换算成父母投入的时间，通过时间使用的变化观察了子女的价值是否发生了变化。利用了1999年、2004年、2009年的生活时间调查资料，从属变数是有6岁以下子女的父母投入到子女抚养上的时间。研究结果表明，父母养育子女的时间随着时间的推移越来越长。另外，为了验证2000年代以后发生变化的工作时间和学历水平是否会通过人口构成比的变化来显示子女养育时间的变长，还试图进行标准化分析和影响力分析。验证结果显示，虽然发现了部分构成比变化的效果，但实际增加养育时间的效果更大。英语:objective of this proposed research is to study The changes of fatherhood focusing on child-rearing at home。We attempt to examine the general belief that the value of children has been decreasing in nowadays。It is well known that the younger generations are suffering from time famine (time conflicts/deficit)。So it is assumed that they decide to have the fewer children comparing to the older generations。But it may not be true。Instead, the younger generations have similar or even more priority on their children。The value of children has not been changed much。The reasons of The recent fertility decline in South Korea may need to be found at The areas other than The value changes。
{"title":"생활시간 조사로 본 자녀의 가치 (Value of Children and Fatherhood)","authors":"Seulki Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3103504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3103504","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Korean Abstract:</b> 년 이후 자녀의 가치는 어떻게 변화하고 있을까? 2001년 등장한 초저출산이 이후 지속되면서 자녀를 바라보는 가치관이 변화했다는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 즉, 자녀의 가 치가 줄어들면서 출산율이 낮아졌다는 주장이다. 이 논문에서는 자녀의 가치를 부모가 투입하는 시간으로 환산 가능하다고 보고, 시간사용의 변화를 통해 자녀의 가치가 달라 졌는지 살펴보았다. 1999, 2004, 2009년도 생활시간조사자료를 활용하였고, 종속변수는 6세 이하의 자녀를 둔 부모가 자녀양육에 투입한 시간으로 조작화하였다. 연구결과 부모 의 자녀 양육시간은 최근에 올수록 더 길어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2000년대 이후 변화하고 있는 근로시간과 학력수준이 각각 인구의 구성비 변화를 통해 자녀 양육 시간이 길어지고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있는지를 검증하기 위해 표준화 분석과 영향력분 해 분석을 시도하였다. 검증 결과 일부 구성비 변화효과가 발견되었지만, 실제 양육시간 증가효과가 훨씬 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The objective of this proposed research is to study the changes of fatherhood focusing on child-rearing at home. We attempt to examine the general belief that the value of children has been decreasing in nowadays. It is well known that the younger generations are suffering from time famine (time conflicts/deficit). So it is assumed that they decide to have the fewer children comparing to the older generations. <br><br>But it may not be true. Instead, the younger generations have similar or even more priority on their children. The value of children has not been changed much. The reasons of the recent fertility decline in South Korea may need to be found at the areas other than the value changes.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to present the legal, political and institutional framework governing offshore practices in the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) of the European Union, which fall under the sovereignty of four Member States: Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It contains an opening analysis that defines the key concepts, including tax evasion, money laundering and tax transparency; outlines the scope of the study (to differentiate the OCTs from other places often mentioned within the context of offshore financial services); and briefly describes the particular case of Greenland. In addition, a comparative analysis of the legal, political and institutional framework governing EU relations with and within the respective OCTs is complemented by an overview of the EU framework and opportunities for action. This aspect can be of significance, especially in view of the UK’s announced withdrawal from the European Union. The detailed annexed contributions covering the OCTs under French, Dutch and British rule, and which constitute a basis for this analysis, were written by external experts.
{"title":"Tax Evasion, Money Laundering and Tax Transparency in the EU Overseas Countries and Territories: Ex-Post Impact Assessment","authors":"Isabelle Ioannides, Jan Tymowski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3012511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3012511","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present the legal, political and institutional framework governing offshore practices in the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) of the European Union, which fall under the sovereignty of four Member States: Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It contains an opening analysis that defines the key concepts, including tax evasion, money laundering and tax transparency; outlines the scope of the study (to differentiate the OCTs from other places often mentioned within the context of offshore financial services); and briefly describes the particular case of Greenland. In addition, a comparative analysis of the legal, political and institutional framework governing EU relations with and within the respective OCTs is complemented by an overview of the EU framework and opportunities for action. This aspect can be of significance, especially in view of the UK’s announced withdrawal from the European Union. The detailed annexed contributions covering the OCTs under French, Dutch and British rule, and which constitute a basis for this analysis, were written by external experts.","PeriodicalId":347047,"journal":{"name":"KDI School of Public Policy & Management Research Paper Series","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125268263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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