V. Somashekar, A. Anand, V. Hariprasad, E. Elsehly, M. Kapulu
The growing population and increasing water demand necessitate exploring alternative sources of water, including saline water. Saline water treatment technologies have undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling the production of potable water from seawater and brackish water. This review provides an overview of the current state of saline water treatment technologies, including desalination and membrane-based processes. The advantages and limitations of each technology and their suitability for different applications are discussed. Recent advancements in materials and techniques that have led to improvements in energy efficiency, productivity, and cost-effectiveness of these technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions and challenges in the field of saline water treatment are outlined.
{"title":"Advancements in saline water treatment: a review","authors":"V. Somashekar, A. Anand, V. Hariprasad, E. Elsehly, M. Kapulu","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The growing population and increasing water demand necessitate exploring alternative sources of water, including saline water. Saline water treatment technologies have undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling the production of potable water from seawater and brackish water. This review provides an overview of the current state of saline water treatment technologies, including desalination and membrane-based processes. The advantages and limitations of each technology and their suitability for different applications are discussed. Recent advancements in materials and techniques that have led to improvements in energy efficiency, productivity, and cost-effectiveness of these technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions and challenges in the field of saline water treatment are outlined.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44028292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jyoti Chauhan, R. M. Rani, V. Prashanthi, H. Almujibah, A. Alshahri, Koppula Srinivas Rao, A. Radhakrishnan
One way to improve the infrastructure, operations, monitoring, maintenance, and management of wastewater treatment systems is to use machine learning modelling to make smart forecasting, tracking, and failure prediction systems. This method aims to use industry data to treat the wastewater treatment model. Gradient-Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithms were used gradually to predict wastewater plant parameters. In addition, we used the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) for feature extraction and other acceptable tuning procedures. The input and effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) prediction for effluent treatment systems applies to the GBDT approaches employed in this study. GBDT-SMA employs artificial intelligence to provide precise method modelling for complex systems. Several training and model testing techniques were used to determine the best topology for the neural network models and decision trees. The GBDT-SMA model performed best across all methods. With 500 data, GBDT-SMA achieved an accuracy of 96.32%, outperforming other models like Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), and K-neighbours RF, which reached an accuracy of 82.97, 87.45, 85.98, and 91.45%, respectively.
{"title":"Gradient-Boosted Decision Tree with used Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) for wastewater treatment systems","authors":"Jyoti Chauhan, R. M. Rani, V. Prashanthi, H. Almujibah, A. Alshahri, Koppula Srinivas Rao, A. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One way to improve the infrastructure, operations, monitoring, maintenance, and management of wastewater treatment systems is to use machine learning modelling to make smart forecasting, tracking, and failure prediction systems. This method aims to use industry data to treat the wastewater treatment model. Gradient-Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithms were used gradually to predict wastewater plant parameters. In addition, we used the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) for feature extraction and other acceptable tuning procedures. The input and effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) prediction for effluent treatment systems applies to the GBDT approaches employed in this study. GBDT-SMA employs artificial intelligence to provide precise method modelling for complex systems. Several training and model testing techniques were used to determine the best topology for the neural network models and decision trees. The GBDT-SMA model performed best across all methods. With 500 data, GBDT-SMA achieved an accuracy of 96.32%, outperforming other models like Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), and K-neighbours RF, which reached an accuracy of 82.97, 87.45, 85.98, and 91.45%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43229932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chrystelle Ayache, Y. Poussade, Yves Jaeger, E. Soyeux
Water scarcity is a worldwide problem, which leads to unprecedented pressure on water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. Treating wastewater is an alternative water resource, therefore, its reuse for agricultural irrigation has been growing worldwide since the beginning of the 21st century. In several regions of wine-producing countries (e.g., Australia, California – USA, Spain), wastewater reuse appears to be the most accessible alternative, both financially and technically, for agricultural uses that notably do not require drinking water. From the summer of 2022, vine irrigation full-scale implementation will start with tertiary treated municipal wastewater in the French Languedoc region. This was made possible thanks to a collaborative research project conducted between 2013 and 2018 to address all potential health and environmental risks associated with this process. This research project was conducted in the south of France, with experimental and control plots both equipped with drip irrigation systems. All the results produced during the research project demonstrated the feasibility of applying this process for vine drip irrigation while effectively managing health and environmental risks and complying with the regulation (treated water microbiological quality). A social acceptance and economic study were also performed in order to broaden the scope of the project scalability evaluation.
{"title":"Water reuse for vine irrigation: from research to full-scale implementation","authors":"Chrystelle Ayache, Y. Poussade, Yves Jaeger, E. Soyeux","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Water scarcity is a worldwide problem, which leads to unprecedented pressure on water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. Treating wastewater is an alternative water resource, therefore, its reuse for agricultural irrigation has been growing worldwide since the beginning of the 21st century. In several regions of wine-producing countries (e.g., Australia, California – USA, Spain), wastewater reuse appears to be the most accessible alternative, both financially and technically, for agricultural uses that notably do not require drinking water. From the summer of 2022, vine irrigation full-scale implementation will start with tertiary treated municipal wastewater in the French Languedoc region. This was made possible thanks to a collaborative research project conducted between 2013 and 2018 to address all potential health and environmental risks associated with this process. This research project was conducted in the south of France, with experimental and control plots both equipped with drip irrigation systems. All the results produced during the research project demonstrated the feasibility of applying this process for vine drip irrigation while effectively managing health and environmental risks and complying with the regulation (treated water microbiological quality). A social acceptance and economic study were also performed in order to broaden the scope of the project scalability evaluation.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44055391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycling treated greywater (GW) for onsite, non-potable applications can reduce the potable water demand typically used for non-potable purposes. The conventional methods for GW treatment are limited in their ability to remove wide-ranging pollutants that are inexpensive and use low energy. For this reason, effective and low-cost onsite treatment options are in demand. This study examines the effectiveness of sand filtration (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and activated carbon (AC) in the treatment of GW from a residential apartment building in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The study relies on four different pilot-scale experimental setups to investigate the effectiveness of SF, AC, and GBFS in treating microorganisms from GW and evaluate the microbial risk reduction using these treatment processes. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach is used for risk assessment. Results show that GBFS achieves a higher reduction of total coliform (TC) (0.54–2.05 log removal) and fecal coliform (FC) (1.96–2.30 log removal) than AC. SF improves reduction by 0.13–3.39 log removal and 1.11–3.68 log removal for TC and FC, respectively. The study also reveals substantial FC and Escherichia coli risk reduction by SF, AC and GBFS.
{"title":"Effects of adsorption and filtration processes on greywater microbiological contamination and the potential human health risk reduction","authors":"M. Mortula, K. Fattah, Fatima Iqbal, Zahid Khan","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recycling treated greywater (GW) for onsite, non-potable applications can reduce the potable water demand typically used for non-potable purposes. The conventional methods for GW treatment are limited in their ability to remove wide-ranging pollutants that are inexpensive and use low energy. For this reason, effective and low-cost onsite treatment options are in demand. This study examines the effectiveness of sand filtration (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and activated carbon (AC) in the treatment of GW from a residential apartment building in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The study relies on four different pilot-scale experimental setups to investigate the effectiveness of SF, AC, and GBFS in treating microorganisms from GW and evaluate the microbial risk reduction using these treatment processes. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach is used for risk assessment. Results show that GBFS achieves a higher reduction of total coliform (TC) (0.54–2.05 log removal) and fecal coliform (FC) (1.96–2.30 log removal) than AC. SF improves reduction by 0.13–3.39 log removal and 1.11–3.68 log removal for TC and FC, respectively. The study also reveals substantial FC and Escherichia coli risk reduction by SF, AC and GBFS.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abdel-Naby, Bushra A. Alabdullatif, Sarah Aldulaijan, Yanallah Alqarni
The reaction of p-carboxy phenyl amino maleimide (CHM) with cellulose acetate (CA), led to the formation of a modified cellulose acetate polymer (MCA), which was characterized by UV/Vis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The active sites of the reaction were the –NH group of (CHM) and the OAc of CA. CA was grafted with (CHM) to build branches on its main chains, using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The results of 1H NMR and 13C NMR revealed the presence of (CHM) moieties inside the polymeric matrix. The (CA-g-CHM) ZrO2 was fabricated into a membrane, using a phase inversion technique. The effect of ZrO2 content on the water flux was discussed. The SEM/EDS was also used to characterize the membrane contents and morphology. The morphology of the membrane showed the grafted parts and the EDS confirmed the presence of nitrogen atoms in the polymeric matrix. The thermogravimetry (TGA) results showed that the membrane exhibited high thermal stability which would adjust the membrane for the desalination process. The desalination test indicated the removal of NaCl salt by the membrane, as shown by the EDS and 1H NMR spectroscopy results. The membrane exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal properties.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of p-carboxy phenyl amino maleimide-g-cellulose acetate/ZrO2 nanocomposite membrane for water desalination","authors":"A. Abdel-Naby, Bushra A. Alabdullatif, Sarah Aldulaijan, Yanallah Alqarni","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The reaction of p-carboxy phenyl amino maleimide (CHM) with cellulose acetate (CA), led to the formation of a modified cellulose acetate polymer (MCA), which was characterized by UV/Vis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The active sites of the reaction were the –NH group of (CHM) and the OAc of CA. CA was grafted with (CHM) to build branches on its main chains, using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The results of 1H NMR and 13C NMR revealed the presence of (CHM) moieties inside the polymeric matrix. The (CA-g-CHM) ZrO2 was fabricated into a membrane, using a phase inversion technique. The effect of ZrO2 content on the water flux was discussed. The SEM/EDS was also used to characterize the membrane contents and morphology. The morphology of the membrane showed the grafted parts and the EDS confirmed the presence of nitrogen atoms in the polymeric matrix. The thermogravimetry (TGA) results showed that the membrane exhibited high thermal stability which would adjust the membrane for the desalination process. The desalination test indicated the removal of NaCl salt by the membrane, as shown by the EDS and 1H NMR spectroscopy results. The membrane exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal properties.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43497629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jayakumar, S. Sudarsan, B. Sridhar, E. Parthiban, A. Jerwin Prabu, S. Jha
Adsorption is vital for the elimination of Cr6+ and Pb2+ ions in the contaminated solution medium. A ternary blend made up of chitosan, nylon 6 and polyurethane foam (CS/Ny 6/PUF) blend in the ratio of 2:1:1 has been investigated. These blends are used as an adsorbent due to the insoluble nature in acidic and basic medium. The adsorption efficacy was analyzed by modifying pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum uptake of metal ions has been exhibited in the pH range 5. An equilibrium adsorption statistic indicated that adsorption isotherm follows the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetic parameters specified that the adsorption of chromium has shown pseudo-second-order and lead pseudo-first-order reaction.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and performance of chitosan/nylon 6/polyurethane blend for the removal of chromium (VI) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions for enhanced kinetic adsorption studies","authors":"S. Jayakumar, S. Sudarsan, B. Sridhar, E. Parthiban, A. Jerwin Prabu, S. Jha","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Adsorption is vital for the elimination of Cr6+ and Pb2+ ions in the contaminated solution medium. A ternary blend made up of chitosan, nylon 6 and polyurethane foam (CS/Ny 6/PUF) blend in the ratio of 2:1:1 has been investigated. These blends are used as an adsorbent due to the insoluble nature in acidic and basic medium. The adsorption efficacy was analyzed by modifying pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum uptake of metal ions has been exhibited in the pH range 5. An equilibrium adsorption statistic indicated that adsorption isotherm follows the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetic parameters specified that the adsorption of chromium has shown pseudo-second-order and lead pseudo-first-order reaction.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42394276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seongyun Kim, Pinar Omur-Ozbe, K. Carlson, Sangchul Lee, Eun-Sik Kim, Min-Jin Hwang, Ji-Hee Son, Woo-jun Kang
This study investigated the efficiency of different water treatment processes in reducing propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME), and other water quality parameters in flow back/produced water from a shale gas well operation. EG, PG, and EGME are the most widely used chemicals in hydraulic fracturing; however, limited investigations on these chemicals have been performed to date. Granular activated carbon (GAC) removed PG and EG to acceptable drinking water levels. Electrocoagulation was effective at decreasing turbidity (85%) as well as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) (80%), while ultrafiltration removed 90% of the turbidity and TPH. GAC further removed approximately 95% of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and glycols but only removed 16% of total dissolved solids (TDS). Reverse osmosis removed approximately 90% of TDS (2,550 mg/L); however, this level remained high for certain purposes. Although some water quality parameters remained above the reusability threshold for most purposes, the treated water could be used on tolerant plants and permeable soils. In-depth knowledge and understanding of flow back/produced water quality characteristics, prior and post water treatment processes, can improve water treatment process strategies, reduce wastewater discharge, and improve treated water's reusability.
{"title":"Organics and inorganics in flow back and produced water from shale gas operations: treatment and identification of glycols using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry","authors":"Seongyun Kim, Pinar Omur-Ozbe, K. Carlson, Sangchul Lee, Eun-Sik Kim, Min-Jin Hwang, Ji-Hee Son, Woo-jun Kang","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study investigated the efficiency of different water treatment processes in reducing propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME), and other water quality parameters in flow back/produced water from a shale gas well operation. EG, PG, and EGME are the most widely used chemicals in hydraulic fracturing; however, limited investigations on these chemicals have been performed to date. Granular activated carbon (GAC) removed PG and EG to acceptable drinking water levels. Electrocoagulation was effective at decreasing turbidity (85%) as well as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) (80%), while ultrafiltration removed 90% of the turbidity and TPH. GAC further removed approximately 95% of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and glycols but only removed 16% of total dissolved solids (TDS). Reverse osmosis removed approximately 90% of TDS (2,550 mg/L); however, this level remained high for certain purposes. Although some water quality parameters remained above the reusability threshold for most purposes, the treated water could be used on tolerant plants and permeable soils. In-depth knowledge and understanding of flow back/produced water quality characteristics, prior and post water treatment processes, can improve water treatment process strategies, reduce wastewater discharge, and improve treated water's reusability.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Chen, Xiaodong Wang, Mei Huang, Zakhar Maletskyi, Harsha Ratnaweera, Xuejun Bi
Abstract A multi-stage anoxic/oxic (A/O) moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system with multiple chambers was established for municipal wastewater treatment. The active biomass quantity, bioactivity, and biomass yield of a pilot-scale multi-stage MBBR were investigated in this study. The microbial activity and heterotrophic yield coefficients (YH) were measured using respirometric techniques in each chamber at different temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the growth, nitrification, and denitrification rates of functional biomass were also quantified as specific respiration rate (SOUR). The total active biomass in the multi-stage A/O-MBBR system was 0.71–1.68 g COD/m2 for the aerobic reactor and 0.39–1.44 g COD/m2 for the anoxic reactor at 10–19 °C. The YH values for the anoxic reactors were 0.61–0.69, which were comparable to the recommended value of the activated sludge model (ASM1). The correlation coefficient between Nitrospira and the autotrophic specific respiration rate (SOURA) was 0.82. Meanwhile, denitrifying genera showed a significant correlation with the heterotrophic specific respiration rate (SOURH) and the active heterotrophic biomass (XH). This study provided insights into biomass distribution and the corresponding kinetic parameters for the multi-stage MBBR systems, which may serve as a reference for process design and trouble shooting.
摘要建立了多级厌氧/氧(A/O)多室移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理城市污水系统。研究了中试多级MBBR反应器的有效生物量、生物活性和生物量产量。在不同温度条件下，采用呼吸法测定了各室微生物活性和异养产率系数(YH)。同时，将功能生物量的生长速率、硝化速率和反硝化速率也量化为比呼吸速率(SOUR)。在10-19℃条件下，好氧反应器的总活性生物量为0.71 ~ 1.68 g COD/m2，缺氧反应器的总活性生物量为0.39 ~ 1.44 g COD/m2。厌氧反应器的YH值为0.61 ~ 0.69，与活性污泥模型(ASM1)的推荐值相当。硝基螺旋体与自养特定呼吸速率(SOURA)的相关系数为0.82。反硝化属与异养特定呼吸速率(SOURH)和活性异养生物量(XH)呈极显著相关。该研究为多级MBBR系统的生物量分布和相应的动力学参数提供了依据，可为工艺设计和故障排除提供参考。
{"title":"Quantitative study of biofilm yield and biomass distribution of a multi-stage moving-bed biofilm system","authors":"Ning Chen, Xiaodong Wang, Mei Huang, Zakhar Maletskyi, Harsha Ratnaweera, Xuejun Bi","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A multi-stage anoxic/oxic (A/O) moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system with multiple chambers was established for municipal wastewater treatment. The active biomass quantity, bioactivity, and biomass yield of a pilot-scale multi-stage MBBR were investigated in this study. The microbial activity and heterotrophic yield coefficients (YH) were measured using respirometric techniques in each chamber at different temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the growth, nitrification, and denitrification rates of functional biomass were also quantified as specific respiration rate (SOUR). The total active biomass in the multi-stage A/O-MBBR system was 0.71–1.68 g COD/m2 for the aerobic reactor and 0.39–1.44 g COD/m2 for the anoxic reactor at 10–19 °C. The YH values for the anoxic reactors were 0.61–0.69, which were comparable to the recommended value of the activated sludge model (ASM1). The correlation coefficient between Nitrospira and the autotrophic specific respiration rate (SOURA) was 0.82. Meanwhile, denitrifying genera showed a significant correlation with the heterotrophic specific respiration rate (SOURH) and the active heterotrophic biomass (XH). This study provided insights into biomass distribution and the corresponding kinetic parameters for the multi-stage MBBR systems, which may serve as a reference for process design and trouble shooting.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135380593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bhavani, K.R. Harne, Satendar Singh, Ostonokulov Azamat Abdukarimovich, V. Balaji, Bharat Singh, K. Vengatesan, Sachi Nandan Mohanty
Reverse osmosis desalination facilities operating on microgrids (MGs) powered by renewable energy are becoming more significant. A leader-follower structured optimization method underlies the suggested algorithm. The desalination plant is divided into components, each of which can be operated separately as needed. MGs are becoming an important part of smart grids, which incorporate distributed renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage devices, and load control strategies. This research proposes novel techniques in economic saline water treatment based on MG architecture integrated with a renewable energy systems. This study offers an optimization framework to simultaneously optimize saline as well as freshwater water sources, decentralized renewable and conventional energy sources to operate water-energy systems economically and efficiently. The radial Boltzmann basis machine is used to analyse the salinity of water. Data on water salinity were used to conduct the experimental analysis, which was evaluated for accuracy, precision, recall, and specificity as well as computational cost and kappa coefficient. The proposed method achieved 88% accuracy, 65% precision, 59% recall, 65% specificity, 59% computational cost, and 51% kappa coefficient.
{"title":"Economic analysis based on saline water treatment using renewable energy system and microgrid architecture","authors":"N. Bhavani, K.R. Harne, Satendar Singh, Ostonokulov Azamat Abdukarimovich, V. Balaji, Bharat Singh, K. Vengatesan, Sachi Nandan Mohanty","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Reverse osmosis desalination facilities operating on microgrids (MGs) powered by renewable energy are becoming more significant. A leader-follower structured optimization method underlies the suggested algorithm. The desalination plant is divided into components, each of which can be operated separately as needed. MGs are becoming an important part of smart grids, which incorporate distributed renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage devices, and load control strategies. This research proposes novel techniques in economic saline water treatment based on MG architecture integrated with a renewable energy systems. This study offers an optimization framework to simultaneously optimize saline as well as freshwater water sources, decentralized renewable and conventional energy sources to operate water-energy systems economically and efficiently. The radial Boltzmann basis machine is used to analyse the salinity of water. Data on water salinity were used to conduct the experimental analysis, which was evaluated for accuracy, precision, recall, and specificity as well as computational cost and kappa coefficient. The proposed method achieved 88% accuracy, 65% precision, 59% recall, 65% specificity, 59% computational cost, and 51% kappa coefficient.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41656405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zimeng Liang, Xin Zhao, Weiqi Huang, Huabiao Qi, Can Wang
Antibiotics are a large group of emerging organic pollutants with low concentration levels in the water. The presence of antibiotics will affect the ecological environment and human health. The removal of trace organic compounds by graphene oxide (GO) membranes has attracted extensive attention. This study investigated the removal of three differently charged antibiotics by GO membranes and the influence of water quality on the removal of antibiotics. It showed that a crosslinked ethylenediamine-GO (EDA-GO) membrane had better stability and higher antibiotic removal performance than a non-crosslinked GO membrane. Among the three antibiotics, penicillin (PNC) was negatively charged and had the highest removal efficiency due to steric effect and electrostatic repulsion. A low concentration (10 mmol L−1) of Na+ in water could increase the membrane flux but had no significant effect on the removal of antibiotics. Ca2+ could reduce the membrane flux and improve the removal of chloramphenicol (CAP) and PNC. The removal efficiencies of low-concentration antibiotics (500 μg L−1) were higher than those of high-concentration antibiotics (10 mg L−1). Furthermore, the removal of antibiotics under the condition of actual wastewater quality was higher than those in solutions prepared with ultrapure water. The EDA-GO membrane has great potential in the removal of antibiotics in wastewater.
{"title":"Removal of antibiotics with different charges in water by graphene oxide membranes","authors":"Zimeng Liang, Xin Zhao, Weiqi Huang, Huabiao Qi, Can Wang","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Antibiotics are a large group of emerging organic pollutants with low concentration levels in the water. The presence of antibiotics will affect the ecological environment and human health. The removal of trace organic compounds by graphene oxide (GO) membranes has attracted extensive attention. This study investigated the removal of three differently charged antibiotics by GO membranes and the influence of water quality on the removal of antibiotics. It showed that a crosslinked ethylenediamine-GO (EDA-GO) membrane had better stability and higher antibiotic removal performance than a non-crosslinked GO membrane. Among the three antibiotics, penicillin (PNC) was negatively charged and had the highest removal efficiency due to steric effect and electrostatic repulsion. A low concentration (10 mmol L−1) of Na+ in water could increase the membrane flux but had no significant effect on the removal of antibiotics. Ca2+ could reduce the membrane flux and improve the removal of chloramphenicol (CAP) and PNC. The removal efficiencies of low-concentration antibiotics (500 μg L−1) were higher than those of high-concentration antibiotics (10 mg L−1). Furthermore, the removal of antibiotics under the condition of actual wastewater quality was higher than those in solutions prepared with ultrapure water. The EDA-GO membrane has great potential in the removal of antibiotics in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46395601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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