Neelakandan Subramani, N. R. Reddy, Ayman A. Ghfar, S. Pandey, Siripuri Kiran, P. Thillai Arasu
Wastewater is a serious concern for the environment. There is a substantial amount of toxins that are discharged continuously from several pharmacological companies that lead to serious damage to public health and the ecosystem. Present wastewater treatment technologies include primary, tertiary, and secondary treatments that remove numerous contaminants; but pollutants in the nanoscale range were hard to remove with these steps. Some of these include inorganic and organic pollutants, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and pollutants of developing concern. The utility of nanoparticles was a promising solution to this issue. Nanoparticles have exclusive properties permitting them to potentially eliminate residual pollutants but being eco-friendly and inexpensive. This study develops a new Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) with Stacked Sparse Denoising Auto-Encoder (SSDAE) model, named AOA-SSDAE for wastewater management in the IoT environment. The presented AOA-SSDAE technique aims to predict wastewater treatment depending on the influent indicators. In the presented AOA-SSDAE technique, the IoT devices are initially employed for the data collection process and then data normalization is performed to transform the collected data into a uniform format. For the predictive process, the SSDAE model is employed in this paper. To improve the SSDAE model's prediction capability, the AOA-based hyperparameter tuning process is involved.
{"title":"Internet of things with nanomaterials-based predictive model for wastewater treatment using stacked sparse denoising auto-encoder","authors":"Neelakandan Subramani, N. R. Reddy, Ayman A. Ghfar, S. Pandey, Siripuri Kiran, P. Thillai Arasu","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wastewater is a serious concern for the environment. There is a substantial amount of toxins that are discharged continuously from several pharmacological companies that lead to serious damage to public health and the ecosystem. Present wastewater treatment technologies include primary, tertiary, and secondary treatments that remove numerous contaminants; but pollutants in the nanoscale range were hard to remove with these steps. Some of these include inorganic and organic pollutants, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and pollutants of developing concern. The utility of nanoparticles was a promising solution to this issue. Nanoparticles have exclusive properties permitting them to potentially eliminate residual pollutants but being eco-friendly and inexpensive. This study develops a new Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) with Stacked Sparse Denoising Auto-Encoder (SSDAE) model, named AOA-SSDAE for wastewater management in the IoT environment. The presented AOA-SSDAE technique aims to predict wastewater treatment depending on the influent indicators. In the presented AOA-SSDAE technique, the IoT devices are initially employed for the data collection process and then data normalization is performed to transform the collected data into a uniform format. For the predictive process, the SSDAE model is employed in this paper. To improve the SSDAE model's prediction capability, the AOA-based hyperparameter tuning process is involved.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42425193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siyi Liang, Ye Du, Qi Liu, Jiankang Li, Zhi Liu, Yan Xu, Zhuo Chen, Yin-Hu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu
China is the largest steel producer in the world. Effective methods to alleviate the contradiction between water supply and water demand of the iron and steel industry in China are to implement the recycling of wastewater from the iron and steel industry and develop unconventional water resources. This paper reviews the development of wastewater recycling in the iron and steel industry in China in the past 40 years (1980–2020). During this period, steel output has increased from 36 to 1,053 million tons, freshwater consumption per ton of steel has decreased from 35.9 to 2.45 tons, and water resources reuse has soared from 61.2 to 98.02%. Four typical cases, including the Anyang Steel Group, the Tangshan Steel Group, the Tianjin Steel Group, and the Taihang Steel Group, were analyzed. In addition, a water efficiency research project of iron and steel enterprises in China was carried out in 2019. Statistical analyses on wastewater recycling rate, reuse rate, direct cooling water circulation rate, and other indicators were performed. The recycling of wastewater in the iron and steel industry would be continuously improved by policy drivers, economic drivers, and technical drivers.
{"title":"Wastewater reuse and recycling of the steel industry in China: history, current situation, and future perspectives","authors":"Siyi Liang, Ye Du, Qi Liu, Jiankang Li, Zhi Liu, Yan Xu, Zhuo Chen, Yin-Hu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 China is the largest steel producer in the world. Effective methods to alleviate the contradiction between water supply and water demand of the iron and steel industry in China are to implement the recycling of wastewater from the iron and steel industry and develop unconventional water resources. This paper reviews the development of wastewater recycling in the iron and steel industry in China in the past 40 years (1980–2020). During this period, steel output has increased from 36 to 1,053 million tons, freshwater consumption per ton of steel has decreased from 35.9 to 2.45 tons, and water resources reuse has soared from 61.2 to 98.02%. Four typical cases, including the Anyang Steel Group, the Tangshan Steel Group, the Tianjin Steel Group, and the Taihang Steel Group, were analyzed. In addition, a water efficiency research project of iron and steel enterprises in China was carried out in 2019. Statistical analyses on wastewater recycling rate, reuse rate, direct cooling water circulation rate, and other indicators were performed. The recycling of wastewater in the iron and steel industry would be continuously improved by policy drivers, economic drivers, and technical drivers.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49082055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology which is being developed as a promising desalination alternative for charged species from salt water, being electrode materials as key drivers for highly efficient process. Here, we describe synthesis of highly porous activated carbons from chicken feathers using pyrolysis followed by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide in a 1:4 ratio to produce sustainable, scalable, and sustainable carbon electrodes for CDI. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as binder to modify chicken feather activated carbons (CF-AC), which were subsequently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce CF-AC-PVA-GA polymers through acetylation reaction. This resulted from improving hydrophilicity of CF-AC-PVA-GA polymers to raise the electrodes' resistance. Prepared materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and cyclic voltammetry. Fabricated CDI electrodes were used to investigate their performance for desalination, and exhibited different electrosorption capacity at different applied potentials. Modified electrodes possessed good stability in shear conditions and CDI process was stable and reproducible around 16 electrosorption cycles. Salt removal capacity of the modified electrodes (CF-AC-PVA-GA) was found to be 3.89 mg g−1. The obtained outcomes offer important considerations of ions electrosorption and help advancing CDI system for water treatment and desalination.
{"title":"Chicken feather-derived carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization using poly(vinyl alcohol)-glutaraldehyde as the binder","authors":"Bakhtiar Ali Samejo, Naveed Qasim Abro, Najma Memon, Nusrat Jahan Upoma, Ahsan Habib","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology which is being developed as a promising desalination alternative for charged species from salt water, being electrode materials as key drivers for highly efficient process. Here, we describe synthesis of highly porous activated carbons from chicken feathers using pyrolysis followed by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide in a 1:4 ratio to produce sustainable, scalable, and sustainable carbon electrodes for CDI. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as binder to modify chicken feather activated carbons (CF-AC), which were subsequently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce CF-AC-PVA-GA polymers through acetylation reaction. This resulted from improving hydrophilicity of CF-AC-PVA-GA polymers to raise the electrodes' resistance. Prepared materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and cyclic voltammetry. Fabricated CDI electrodes were used to investigate their performance for desalination, and exhibited different electrosorption capacity at different applied potentials. Modified electrodes possessed good stability in shear conditions and CDI process was stable and reproducible around 16 electrosorption cycles. Salt removal capacity of the modified electrodes (CF-AC-PVA-GA) was found to be 3.89 mg g−1. The obtained outcomes offer important considerations of ions electrosorption and help advancing CDI system for water treatment and desalination.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136173660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents a solution to convert the conventional water network into a smart water network (SWN). Scenarios are synthesized for water recycling inside buildings with less water consumed, minimizing the overall cost. Multiphysics modelling and simulation are conducted with Hysys and Ansys - Fluent in calculating the water flow quantity, pressure of the water network and velocity of water inside the pipe network. Four scenarios are synthesized and modelled for a selected mall building case study. These scenarios reduce the water consumption in the mall from 100% to 29.4%, with a cost-saving of more than 60%.
{"title":"Smart water network infrastructures","authors":"Hossam A. Gabbar, Sultan Islam, Ahmed Ramadan","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a solution to convert the conventional water network into a smart water network (SWN). Scenarios are synthesized for water recycling inside buildings with less water consumed, minimizing the overall cost. Multiphysics modelling and simulation are conducted with Hysys and Ansys - Fluent in calculating the water flow quantity, pressure of the water network and velocity of water inside the pipe network. Four scenarios are synthesized and modelled for a selected mall building case study. These scenarios reduce the water consumption in the mall from 100% to 29.4%, with a cost-saving of more than 60%.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":"436 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136275378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Evaporated mother liquor of gas field wastewater (EML-GFW) is a form of wastewater generated by the triple-effect evaporation treatment of gas field wastewater containing complex pollutants. In this study, four metal sulfides, CuS, ZnS, MoS2, and WS2, were used to strengthen the Fenton process in EML-GFW treatment. The optimum Fenton/ZnS process for the highest removal of TOC from EML-GFW was achieved at the initial pH of 3.0 and in a mixture of FeSO4·7H2O:ZnS:H2O2 in the ratio of 30 g/L:10 g/L:1.2 mol/L, with a TOC removal efficiency of 74.5%. The organic components analysis of EML-GFW over four distinct periods demonstrated that the presence of N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) persisted and accounted for the greatest proportion of pollutants, identifying it as the characteristic pollutant. The TOC removal mechanism by Fenton/ZnS was revealed via analysis of organic materials obtained from the Fenton/ZnS process, tert-butanol quenching experiment, and illumination experiment. ZnS-generated hole–electron pairs under illumination, which promoted the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, followed by an acceleration of •OH generation, thus improving TOC removal efficiency. The Fenton/ZnS process improved the treatment of EML-GFW in the laboratory, providing strong data support and theoretical guidance for expanding this technology at the gas field project site.
{"title":"Fenton process enhanced by metal sulfide for treating the actual evaporated mother liquid of gas field wastewater","authors":"Bing Yao, Ying Chen, Mengzhe Wang, Min Liu","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Evaporated mother liquor of gas field wastewater (EML-GFW) is a form of wastewater generated by the triple-effect evaporation treatment of gas field wastewater containing complex pollutants. In this study, four metal sulfides, CuS, ZnS, MoS2, and WS2, were used to strengthen the Fenton process in EML-GFW treatment. The optimum Fenton/ZnS process for the highest removal of TOC from EML-GFW was achieved at the initial pH of 3.0 and in a mixture of FeSO4·7H2O:ZnS:H2O2 in the ratio of 30 g/L:10 g/L:1.2 mol/L, with a TOC removal efficiency of 74.5%. The organic components analysis of EML-GFW over four distinct periods demonstrated that the presence of N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) persisted and accounted for the greatest proportion of pollutants, identifying it as the characteristic pollutant. The TOC removal mechanism by Fenton/ZnS was revealed via analysis of organic materials obtained from the Fenton/ZnS process, tert-butanol quenching experiment, and illumination experiment. ZnS-generated hole–electron pairs under illumination, which promoted the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, followed by an acceleration of •OH generation, thus improving TOC removal efficiency. The Fenton/ZnS process improved the treatment of EML-GFW in the laboratory, providing strong data support and theoretical guidance for expanding this technology at the gas field project site.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136275379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The loss of highly sought-after metals such as gold, silver, and platinum during extraction processes not only constitutes a significant waste of valuable resources but also contributes to alarming environmental pollution. The ever-growing adverse impacts of these highly valued metals significantly increase the contamination of water bodies on discharge, while reducing the reusability potential of their corresponding processed wastewater. It is, therefore, of great interest to identify pragmatic solutions for the recovery of precious materials from processed water. In this review, pollution from targeted precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium was reviewed and analyzed. Also, the hazardous effects are elicited, and detection techniques are enumerated. An insightful approach to more recent treatment techniques was also discussed. The study reveals nano- and bio-sorption techniques as adoptable pragmatic alternatives, among other techniques, especially for industrial applications with merits of cost, time, waste management, and eco-friendliness. The results indicate that gold (46.2%), palladium (23.1%), platinum (19.2%), and silver (11.5%) are of utmost interest when considering recent recovery techniques. High yield and cost analysis reduction are reasons for the observed preference of this recovery process when considering groups of precious metals. The challenges and prospects of nanomaterials are highlighted.
{"title":"Recovery of precious metals from processed wastewater: conventional techniques nexus advanced and pragmatic alternatives","authors":"Adeyemi Ojutalayo Adeeyo, Olugbenga Solomon Bello, Oluwatobi Samuel Agboola, Rebecca Oyedoyin Adeeyo, Joshua Akinropo Oyetade, Mercy Adewumi Alabi, Joshua Nosa Edokpayi, Rachel Makungo","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2023.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2023.068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The loss of highly sought-after metals such as gold, silver, and platinum during extraction processes not only constitutes a significant waste of valuable resources but also contributes to alarming environmental pollution. The ever-growing adverse impacts of these highly valued metals significantly increase the contamination of water bodies on discharge, while reducing the reusability potential of their corresponding processed wastewater. It is, therefore, of great interest to identify pragmatic solutions for the recovery of precious materials from processed water. In this review, pollution from targeted precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium was reviewed and analyzed. Also, the hazardous effects are elicited, and detection techniques are enumerated. An insightful approach to more recent treatment techniques was also discussed. The study reveals nano- and bio-sorption techniques as adoptable pragmatic alternatives, among other techniques, especially for industrial applications with merits of cost, time, waste management, and eco-friendliness. The results indicate that gold (46.2%), palladium (23.1%), platinum (19.2%), and silver (11.5%) are of utmost interest when considering recent recovery techniques. High yield and cost analysis reduction are reasons for the observed preference of this recovery process when considering groups of precious metals. The challenges and prospects of nanomaterials are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136275380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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