K. Sita Kumari, V. Ghorpade, Fatima Moayad Sami, S. Haleem, S. Kondaveeti, Sherzod Kiyosov
{"title":"Withdrawn: Synergizing cybersecurity in healthcare with novel bioprocessing for sustainable energy-centric water remediation","authors":"K. Sita Kumari, V. Ghorpade, Fatima Moayad Sami, S. Haleem, S. Kondaveeti, Sherzod Kiyosov","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There exists a significant risk of water blooms during the utilization of recycled water in landscape environments. The nitrogen and phosphorus discharge standards of sewage treatment plants are very low. Controlling hydraulic retention time (HRT) is currently the most effective means to control water bloom. This article proposes a new method for determining the HRT threshold based on water transparency as a control indicator. The following results were obtained: (1) with the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 15 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 4.6 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light is 11.5 days. (2) With the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 10 and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 5 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light conditions is 12.3 days. (3) The HRT threshold obtained under high temperature and strong light is lower than that obtained under low temperature and low light conditions. (4) The higher the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the smaller the HRT threshold obtained. (5) Blue algae have stronger adaptability than green algae and diatoms.
{"title":"Replenishment of landscape water with reclaimed water: threshold of hydraulic retention time employing transparency as a control indicator","authors":"Keying Song, Qinghua Liu, Qian Wang, Yinhu Wu, Zhuo Chen, Yun Lu, Hong-Ying Hu","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 There exists a significant risk of water blooms during the utilization of recycled water in landscape environments. The nitrogen and phosphorus discharge standards of sewage treatment plants are very low. Controlling hydraulic retention time (HRT) is currently the most effective means to control water bloom. This article proposes a new method for determining the HRT threshold based on water transparency as a control indicator. The following results were obtained: (1) with the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 15 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 4.6 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light is 11.5 days. (2) With the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 10 and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 5 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light conditions is 12.3 days. (3) The HRT threshold obtained under high temperature and strong light is lower than that obtained under low temperature and low light conditions. (4) The higher the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the smaller the HRT threshold obtained. (5) Blue algae have stronger adaptability than green algae and diatoms.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron Mclennan, Gabrielle Rudi, Yvan Altchenko, N. Ait-Mouheb
The development of the water reuse sector within the European Union (EU) varies considerably. In 2020, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, France and Cyprus had the most comprehensive regulations for the reuse of reclaimed water for agriculture. The approval of a common regulation by the EU Parliament and the Council in May 2020 (which came into effect in June 2023) elicits the question of how each country will comply with it. This review compares (i) national regulations to the 2020 European Regulation, (ii) existing projects with respect to their performance in terms of water quality and (iii) raises a debate about the role of the EU Regulation in fostering water reuse at the EU level. The European Regulation will probably strengthen consumer confidence as common minimum requirements are now required. However, the issues related to micropollutants, disinfection by-products or possible changes in the water quality downstream of the compliance point are not fully considered by the EU Regulation. Moreover, other techno-economic obstacles to be overcome include the distance between the production of treated water and agricultural needs, the low economic competitiveness of reclaimed water and the implementation of the multi-barrier approach.
{"title":"Will the European Regulation for water reuse for agricultural irrigation foster this practice in the European Union?","authors":"Cameron Mclennan, Gabrielle Rudi, Yvan Altchenko, N. Ait-Mouheb","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of the water reuse sector within the European Union (EU) varies considerably. In 2020, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, France and Cyprus had the most comprehensive regulations for the reuse of reclaimed water for agriculture. The approval of a common regulation by the EU Parliament and the Council in May 2020 (which came into effect in June 2023) elicits the question of how each country will comply with it. This review compares (i) national regulations to the 2020 European Regulation, (ii) existing projects with respect to their performance in terms of water quality and (iii) raises a debate about the role of the EU Regulation in fostering water reuse at the EU level. The European Regulation will probably strengthen consumer confidence as common minimum requirements are now required. However, the issues related to micropollutants, disinfection by-products or possible changes in the water quality downstream of the compliance point are not fully considered by the EU Regulation. Moreover, other techno-economic obstacles to be overcome include the distance between the production of treated water and agricultural needs, the low economic competitiveness of reclaimed water and the implementation of the multi-barrier approach.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The state of California, USA, has developed regulations for projects that want to pursue direct potable reuse. One of the most significant requirements is that the treatment train must include ozone and biological activated carbon (ozone/BAC) as pretreatment to a membrane-based treatment train. Ozone/BAC mitigates chemical peaks and diversifies the removal mechanisms of low molecular weight compounds likely to persist in advanced treated water. This paper will present the process benefits of ozone/BAC as pretreatment to the membrane-based treatment train based on testing at a 3.9 MLD demonstration facility in San Diego, California, USA. One of the most significant benefits of ozone/BAC pretreatment is the improved water quality that benefits not only the product water produced for potable consumption but also the residual stream that is generated with the implementation of the RO process, commonly known as RO concentrate. This improved water quality originates from TOC reduction which is achieved through a combination of chemical oxidation with ozonation and biological growth in the BAC process that results in reduced operating pressures and chemical use for the membrane systems. These process benefits were quantified to develop an overall water cost comparison between a DPR and an indirect potable reuse train.
{"title":"Process benefits of ozone/BAC as pretreatment to membrane-based advanced treatment for direct potable reuse","authors":"R. Trussell, A. Pisarenko","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The state of California, USA, has developed regulations for projects that want to pursue direct potable reuse. One of the most significant requirements is that the treatment train must include ozone and biological activated carbon (ozone/BAC) as pretreatment to a membrane-based treatment train. Ozone/BAC mitigates chemical peaks and diversifies the removal mechanisms of low molecular weight compounds likely to persist in advanced treated water. This paper will present the process benefits of ozone/BAC as pretreatment to the membrane-based treatment train based on testing at a 3.9 MLD demonstration facility in San Diego, California, USA. One of the most significant benefits of ozone/BAC pretreatment is the improved water quality that benefits not only the product water produced for potable consumption but also the residual stream that is generated with the implementation of the RO process, commonly known as RO concentrate. This improved water quality originates from TOC reduction which is achieved through a combination of chemical oxidation with ozonation and biological growth in the BAC process that results in reduced operating pressures and chemical use for the membrane systems. These process benefits were quantified to develop an overall water cost comparison between a DPR and an indirect potable reuse train.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140214426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Takman, Catherine Paul, Åsa Davidsson, Moa Jinbäck, Stefan Blomqvist, M. Cimbritz
Influences of upstream wastewater treatment on the process combination of granular activated carbon (GAC) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection were studied and the implications of this for wastewater reuse were assessed. GAC is an efficient chemical barrier but contributes little to the removal of indicator bacteria, and generally increases total bacteria concentrations, necessitating disinfection with UV radiation, for example, to ensure the safe reuse of wastewater. The efficiency of UV disinfection is impacted by factors such as particle concentration and UV absorbance of the water and is thus affected by upstream treatment processes. A full-scale wastewater treatment plant with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) followed by GAC filtration was compared to a treatment plant with a conventional activated sludge process and sand filtration, followed by GAC filtration. The removal of indicator bacteria was higher by the GAC filter that was preceded by an MBR. A UV fluence of 400 J/m2 was sufficient to reach irrigation water quality for both process combinations and to meet the criteria for microbial drinking water quality in the MBR + GAC effluent. One sample was selected for chemical analysis, comprising approximately 100 parameters, demonstrating that the MBR + GAC + UV (400 J/m2) effluent met all drinking water criteria except for nitrate levels.
{"title":"MBR and GAC filtration followed by UV disinfection – implications for wastewater reuse at full scale","authors":"Maria Takman, Catherine Paul, Åsa Davidsson, Moa Jinbäck, Stefan Blomqvist, M. Cimbritz","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Influences of upstream wastewater treatment on the process combination of granular activated carbon (GAC) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection were studied and the implications of this for wastewater reuse were assessed. GAC is an efficient chemical barrier but contributes little to the removal of indicator bacteria, and generally increases total bacteria concentrations, necessitating disinfection with UV radiation, for example, to ensure the safe reuse of wastewater. The efficiency of UV disinfection is impacted by factors such as particle concentration and UV absorbance of the water and is thus affected by upstream treatment processes. A full-scale wastewater treatment plant with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) followed by GAC filtration was compared to a treatment plant with a conventional activated sludge process and sand filtration, followed by GAC filtration. The removal of indicator bacteria was higher by the GAC filter that was preceded by an MBR. A UV fluence of 400 J/m2 was sufficient to reach irrigation water quality for both process combinations and to meet the criteria for microbial drinking water quality in the MBR + GAC effluent. One sample was selected for chemical analysis, comprising approximately 100 parameters, demonstrating that the MBR + GAC + UV (400 J/m2) effluent met all drinking water criteria except for nitrate levels.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water-scarce regions, including South Africa, have identified water reuse as one of the promising solutions to augment water supply to meet the ever-increasing demand for freshwater resources. However, public perceptions have been identified as a critical factor, which can either facilitate the success and acceptance of water reuse projects or become a formidable barrier. To address this challenge in South Africa, the National Strategy for Water Reuse calls for the development of a national communication strategy to promote understanding of water reuse and foster its public acceptance. This paper outlines the journey from consultation with stakeholders to development of a national communication strategy for water reuse in South Africa. The strategy has been crafted using a framework that is based on an understanding of the complex interplay of public opinions and perceptions of water reuse. The strategy targets public education and aims to empower the public to become water reuse literate. The framework used to develop the strategy is versatile, and capable of effectively addressing the multi-dimensional and context-specific aspects of water reuse.
{"title":"A communication strategy for water reuse in South Africa","authors":"Sarah Slabbert, Nadja Green, N. Kalebaila","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water-scarce regions, including South Africa, have identified water reuse as one of the promising solutions to augment water supply to meet the ever-increasing demand for freshwater resources. However, public perceptions have been identified as a critical factor, which can either facilitate the success and acceptance of water reuse projects or become a formidable barrier. To address this challenge in South Africa, the National Strategy for Water Reuse calls for the development of a national communication strategy to promote understanding of water reuse and foster its public acceptance. This paper outlines the journey from consultation with stakeholders to development of a national communication strategy for water reuse in South Africa. The strategy has been crafted using a framework that is based on an understanding of the complex interplay of public opinions and perceptions of water reuse. The strategy targets public education and aims to empower the public to become water reuse literate. The framework used to develop the strategy is versatile, and capable of effectively addressing the multi-dimensional and context-specific aspects of water reuse.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrián Sucozhañay, Juan Pesántez, Rigoberto Guerrero-Coronel, Rodrigo Guerrero-Coronel, David Peña, Rolado Célleri
Population growth and poor agricultural practices demand an improvement in the efficiency of food production. Urban hydroponic crops represent a potential solution to this challenge. However, the use of drinking water for urban agriculture is not a priority. Consequently, rainwater harvesting can reduce the use of drinking water for other purposes than human consumption. This study evaluated the efficiency of rainwater harvesting for the production of hydroponic crops in an Andean city. We developed a rainwater harvesting model to analyze the efficiency and optimization of two hydroponic production scenarios: (1) domestic production (30 plants) and (2) small-scale commercial production (200 plants). We found an efficiency of 99.71 and 75.79%, for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The 75.79% efficiency is given by the presence of low precipitation periods, which in the case of the study area are sporadic. Furthermore, scenario 2 could reach efficiencies of 100% if the roof capture area increases up to 40 m2. Rainwater harvesting in Andean cities, with sustained precipitation throughout the year, is enough to supply water for domestic and small-scale commercial hydroponic production with basic household modifications. We show promising results by combining rainwater harvesting and hydroponic crops for improving urban food and water security.
{"title":"Rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution for the production of urban hydroponic crops","authors":"Adrián Sucozhañay, Juan Pesántez, Rigoberto Guerrero-Coronel, Rodrigo Guerrero-Coronel, David Peña, Rolado Célleri","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Population growth and poor agricultural practices demand an improvement in the efficiency of food production. Urban hydroponic crops represent a potential solution to this challenge. However, the use of drinking water for urban agriculture is not a priority. Consequently, rainwater harvesting can reduce the use of drinking water for other purposes than human consumption. This study evaluated the efficiency of rainwater harvesting for the production of hydroponic crops in an Andean city. We developed a rainwater harvesting model to analyze the efficiency and optimization of two hydroponic production scenarios: (1) domestic production (30 plants) and (2) small-scale commercial production (200 plants). We found an efficiency of 99.71 and 75.79%, for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The 75.79% efficiency is given by the presence of low precipitation periods, which in the case of the study area are sporadic. Furthermore, scenario 2 could reach efficiencies of 100% if the roof capture area increases up to 40 m2. Rainwater harvesting in Andean cities, with sustained precipitation throughout the year, is enough to supply water for domestic and small-scale commercial hydroponic production with basic household modifications. We show promising results by combining rainwater harvesting and hydroponic crops for improving urban food and water security.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Zhang, Chunyang Gao, Hongli Zhang, Naijian Song, Qiang Cao
Despite the advancements in alternative fuels and energy sources, there continues to be a significant global dependence on oil production and extraction. A substantial volume of oilfield-produced water (OPW) is generated during the production and extraction processes of oil fields. Recurrent OPW treatments encountered significant challenges in addressing this particular type of wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are regarded as a promising alternative approach for the degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds in the OPW. This review focuses on the characterization of OPW. The treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater using AOPs, such as ozonation, Fenton oxidation-based processes, heterogeneous photocatalysis, and persulfate oxidation, is comprehensively reviewed in terms of their efficiency for pollutant degradation. The primary challenges in this field and the future directions for development are proposed, with the aim of providing a valuable reference for achieving highly effective treatment of OPW.
{"title":"Recent advances on the treatment of oilfield-produced water by advanced oxidation processes: A review","authors":"Huan Zhang, Chunyang Gao, Hongli Zhang, Naijian Song, Qiang Cao","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Despite the advancements in alternative fuels and energy sources, there continues to be a significant global dependence on oil production and extraction. A substantial volume of oilfield-produced water (OPW) is generated during the production and extraction processes of oil fields. Recurrent OPW treatments encountered significant challenges in addressing this particular type of wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are regarded as a promising alternative approach for the degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds in the OPW. This review focuses on the characterization of OPW. The treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater using AOPs, such as ozonation, Fenton oxidation-based processes, heterogeneous photocatalysis, and persulfate oxidation, is comprehensively reviewed in terms of their efficiency for pollutant degradation. The primary challenges in this field and the future directions for development are proposed, with the aim of providing a valuable reference for achieving highly effective treatment of OPW.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiwen Guo, Hairuo Wang, Teng Mu, Jiaxuan Chen, Hui Luo, Bao-Jie He
Bioretention systems are a low-impact development (LID) measure to effectively control stormwater runoff and reduce pollutant concentrations. In this paper, three groups of bioretention cells with different filling materials (1# bioretention soil media (BSM), 2# BSM + 5% biochar, and 3# BSM +5% biochar +biological filler) were constructed to analyze the pollutant removal characteristics and microbial action under different simulated rainfall conditions. Results showed that the overall pollutant removal capacity of systems 2# and 3# was higher than that of system 1#, with system 3# having the lowest effluent concentrations of 2.71 mg/L for total nitrogen (TN) and 64.3 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The load reduction effect for heavy metals of the three systems was ranked as 2# > 1# > 3#, and average load reduction rates were 80.3, 75.1, and 84.8% for Cu, Pb, and Zn in 2#. Microbial community analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the absolute dominant bacteria of the three bioretention systems, and the dominant genera included Bacillus, Hyphomicrobium, Micrococcaceae, and Nitrospira. In addition, the total number of denitrifying functional bacteria genera in systems 2# and 3# was increased by 1.39 and 52.1% compared to system 1#.
{"title":"Characterization and microbial mechanism of pollutant removal from stormwater runoff in the composite filler bioretention system","authors":"Kaiwen Guo, Hairuo Wang, Teng Mu, Jiaxuan Chen, Hui Luo, Bao-Jie He","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bioretention systems are a low-impact development (LID) measure to effectively control stormwater runoff and reduce pollutant concentrations. In this paper, three groups of bioretention cells with different filling materials (1# bioretention soil media (BSM), 2# BSM + 5% biochar, and 3# BSM +5% biochar +biological filler) were constructed to analyze the pollutant removal characteristics and microbial action under different simulated rainfall conditions. Results showed that the overall pollutant removal capacity of systems 2# and 3# was higher than that of system 1#, with system 3# having the lowest effluent concentrations of 2.71 mg/L for total nitrogen (TN) and 64.3 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The load reduction effect for heavy metals of the three systems was ranked as 2# > 1# > 3#, and average load reduction rates were 80.3, 75.1, and 84.8% for Cu, Pb, and Zn in 2#. Microbial community analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the absolute dominant bacteria of the three bioretention systems, and the dominant genera included Bacillus, Hyphomicrobium, Micrococcaceae, and Nitrospira. In addition, the total number of denitrifying functional bacteria genera in systems 2# and 3# was increased by 1.39 and 52.1% compared to system 1#.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fhulufhelo Phillis Tshililo, S. Mutanga, T. Gumbo, K. Sikhwivhilu, C. Chikozho
While a considerable amount of research in several parts of the world has already demonstrated reclaimed water safety and reliability for various uses, its acceptance and use by communities and households in South Africa remains very low. In this article, we use quantitative and qualitative data from a community-level cross-sectional perception survey that was carried out from 2018 to 2019 to assess water users' willingness to accept reclaimed water as an alternative source of water for domestic purposes in Diepsloot township as well as the main factors influencing respondents' perceptions. Results of this study show that there is high acceptance of reclaimed water for domestic uses. Respondents with higher levels of education were more likely to accept reclaimed water than those with lower levels of education. The assumption that the water they were using was already mixed with wastewater also increased water user's acceptance levels. The results of the study suggest that governments, municipalities, and other key actors in the water and sanitation sector should first work towards building community trust and confidence when establishing water reclamation projects for domestic use, particularly through strategic communication and awareness-raising initiatives before they can expect widespread community acceptance.
{"title":"The influence of public perception on acceptance of potable water reclamation schemes. The case of Diepsloot township, Johannesburg","authors":"Fhulufhelo Phillis Tshililo, S. Mutanga, T. Gumbo, K. Sikhwivhilu, C. Chikozho","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2024.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2024.108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 While a considerable amount of research in several parts of the world has already demonstrated reclaimed water safety and reliability for various uses, its acceptance and use by communities and households in South Africa remains very low. In this article, we use quantitative and qualitative data from a community-level cross-sectional perception survey that was carried out from 2018 to 2019 to assess water users' willingness to accept reclaimed water as an alternative source of water for domestic purposes in Diepsloot township as well as the main factors influencing respondents' perceptions. Results of this study show that there is high acceptance of reclaimed water for domestic uses. Respondents with higher levels of education were more likely to accept reclaimed water than those with lower levels of education. The assumption that the water they were using was already mixed with wastewater also increased water user's acceptance levels. The results of the study suggest that governments, municipalities, and other key actors in the water and sanitation sector should first work towards building community trust and confidence when establishing water reclamation projects for domestic use, particularly through strategic communication and awareness-raising initiatives before they can expect widespread community acceptance.","PeriodicalId":34727,"journal":{"name":"Water Reuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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