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Numerical benchmarking of dual decomposition-based optimization algorithms for distributed model predictive control 基于二元分解的分布式模型预测控制优化算法的数值基准测试
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100495
Vassilios Yfantis , Achim Wagner , Martin Ruskowski
This paper presents a benchmark study of dual decomposition-based distributed optimization algorithms applied to constraint-coupled model predictive control problems. These problems can be interpreted as multiple subsystems which are coupled through constraints on the availability of shared limited resources. In a dual decomposition-based framework the production and consumption of these resources can be coordinated by iteratively computing their prices and sharing them with the involved subsystems. Following a brief introduction to model predictive control different architectures and communication topologies for a distributed setting are presented. After decomposing the system-wide control problem into multiple subproblems by introducing dual variables, several distributed optimization algorithms, including the recently proposed quasi-Newton dual ascent algorithm, are discussed. Furthermore, an epigraph formulation of the bundle cuts as well as a line search strategy are proposed for the quasi-Newton dual ascent algorithm, which increase its numerical robustness and speed up its convergence compared to the previously used trust region. Finally, the quasi-Newton dual ascent algorithm is compared to the subgradient method, the bundle trust method and the alternating direction method of multipliers for a large number of benchmark problems. The used benchmark problems are publicly available on GitHub.
本文对应用于约束耦合模型预测控制问题的基于对偶分解的分布式优化算法进行了基准研究。这些问题可被解释为多个子系统,它们通过共享有限资源可用性的约束进行耦合。在基于对偶分解的框架中,这些资源的生产和消费可以通过迭代计算其价格并与相关子系统共享来协调。在简要介绍了模型预测控制之后,介绍了分布式环境下的不同架构和通信拓扑结构。在通过引入对偶变量将全系统控制问题分解为多个子问题后,讨论了几种分布式优化算法,包括最近提出的准牛顿对偶上升算法。此外,还为准牛顿二元上升算法提出了束切割的外延表述以及线搜索策略,与之前使用的信任区域相比,这些都提高了算法的数值鲁棒性并加快了收敛速度。最后,针对大量基准问题,将准牛顿二元上升算法与子梯度法、捆绑信任法和交替方向乘法进行了比较。所使用的基准问题可在 GitHub 上公开获取。
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引用次数: 0
The Θ-Hilfer fractional order model for the optimal control of the dynamics of Hepatitis B virus transmission 乙型肝炎病毒传播动态优化控制的 Θ-Hilfer 分数阶模型
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100496
K. Ramalakshmi , B. Sundara Vadivoo , Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar , Suliman Alsaeed
This study examines the mathematical model of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) dynamics, focusing on its various stages of infection, including acute and chronic phases, and transmission pathways. By utilizing mathematical modeling and fractional calculus techniques with the Θ-Hilfer operator, we analyze the epidemic’s behavior. The research proposes control strategies, such as treatment and vaccination, aimed at reducing both acute and chronic infections. To achieve optimal control, we employ Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. Through simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using the Non-Standard Two-Step Lagrange Interpolation Method (NS2LIM), supported by numerical findings and graphical representations. Additionally, we identify two control variables to minimize the populations of acute and chronic infections while enhancing recovery rates.
本研究探讨了乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)动态的数学模型,重点是其各个感染阶段,包括急性期和慢性期,以及传播途径。通过利用数学建模和带有 Θ-Hilfer 算子的分数微积分技术,我们分析了流行病的行为。研究提出了治疗和疫苗接种等控制策略,旨在减少急性和慢性感染。为了实现最优控制,我们采用了庞特里亚金最大原则(Pontryagin's Maximum Principle)。通过模拟,我们利用非标准两步拉格朗日插值法(NS2LIM)证明了我们方法的有效性,并辅以数值结果和图形表示。此外,我们还确定了两个控制变量,以尽量减少急性和慢性感染人群,同时提高恢复率。
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引用次数: 0
Noise robust classification of carbide tool wear in machining mild steel using texture extraction based transfer learning approach for predictive maintenance 使用基于纹理提取的迁移学习方法对低碳钢加工过程中的硬质合金刀具磨损进行噪声稳健分类,以进行预测性维护
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100491
Ravi Sekhar , Sharnil Pandya , Pritesh Shah , Hemant Ghayvat , Deepak Sharma , Matthias Renz , Deep Shah , Adeeth Jagdale , Devansh Hukmani , Santosh Saxena , Neeraj Kumar
Acoustics based smart condition monitoring is a viable alternative to mechanical vibrations or image-capture based predictive maintenance methods. In this study, a texture analysis based transfer learning methodology was applied to classify tool wear based on the noise generated during mild steel machining. The machining acoustics were converted to spectrogram images and transfer learning was applied for their classification into high/medium/low tool wear using four pre-trained deep learning models (SqueezeNet, ResNet50, InceptionV3, GoogLeNet). Moreover, three optimizers (RMSPROP, ADAM, SGDM) were applied to each of the deep learning models to enhance classification accuracies. Primary results indicate that the InceptionV3-RMSPROP obtained the highest testing accuracy of 87.50%, followed by the SqueezeNet-RMSPROP and ResNet50-SGDM at 75.00% and 62.50% respectively. However, SqueezeNet-RMSPROP was determined to be more desirable from a practical machining quality and safety perspective, owing to its greater recall value for the highest tool wear class. The proposed acoustics-texture extraction-transfer learning approach is especially suitable for cost effective tool wear condition monitoring involving limited datasets.
与机械振动或基于图像捕捉的预测性维护方法相比,基于声学的智能状态监测是一种可行的替代方法。本研究采用基于纹理分析的迁移学习方法,根据低碳钢加工过程中产生的噪声对刀具磨损进行分类。加工噪声被转换为频谱图图像,并使用四个预先训练好的深度学习模型(SqueezeNet、ResNet50、InceptionV3、GoogLeNet)进行迁移学习,将其分类为高/中/低刀具磨损。此外,每个深度学习模型都应用了三个优化器(RMSPROP、ADAM、SGDM),以提高分类精度。初步结果表明,InceptionV3-RMSPROP 的测试准确率最高,达到 87.50%,其次是 SqueezeNet-RMSPROP 和 ResNet50-SGDM,分别为 75.00% 和 62.50%。不过,从实际加工质量和安全角度来看,SqueezeNet-RMSPROP 更为可取,因为它对刀具磨损最高等级的召回值更大。所提出的声学-纹理提取-转移学习方法特别适用于涉及有限数据集的低成本刀具磨损状况监测。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization control of time-varying cyber–physical systems via dynamic-triggered strategies 通过动态触发策略实现时变网络物理系统的优化控制
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100497
Yuanshan Liu, Yude Xia
A novel approach is proposed for designing control strategies for time-varying cyber–physical systems (CPSs) with unknown dynamics, eliminating the need for system identification. Combining with the dynamic-triggered strategies (DTSs), the closed-loop system is parameterized using matrices that are depended on data obtained from a collection of input-state trajectories gathered offline. Additionally, the problem of data-driven optimization control is elegantly resolved through the utilization of classical linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technology, showcasing a remarkable innovation by obviating the necessity for the specific mathematical model of CPSs proposed in this paper. A numerical illustration is provided to illustrate these findings.
本文提出了一种新方法,用于为具有未知动态的时变网络物理系统(CPS)设计控制策略,无需进行系统识别。结合动态触发策略 (DTS),闭环系统可使用矩阵进行参数化,这些矩阵取决于从离线收集的输入状态轨迹集合中获得的数据。此外,通过利用经典的线性二次调节器(LQR)技术,数据驱动的优化控制问题得到了很好的解决,从而避免了本文提出的 CPS 特定数学模型的必要性,展示了一种显著的创新。本文提供了一个数值示例来说明这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal control analysis of a mathematical model for guava nutrients in an integrated farming with cost-effectiveness 具有成本效益的综合农业中番石榴营养数学模型的优化控制分析
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100490
Pulak Kundu, Uzzwal Kumar Mallick
Because of its high nutritional value and easy availability, guava fruit has become more popular as a crop in tropical regions in recent decades. Unfortunately, its cultivation faces multifaceted challenges, with increasing the guava borer due to global warming posing a significant threat to crop yield, while the cost of pesticides adds to the economic burden on farmers. To overcome this difficulty, an integrated cultivation method has been devised to simultaneously cultivate guava and tuberose flowers for the purpose of biological pest management, while also earning money through the sale of the flowers to support the integrated agricultural plan. The present mathematical modeling study has focused on the optimal control problem using the strategy of spraying pesticides and flower harvesting, to achieve the highest possible profit. Characterization of the proposed optimal control was then carried out using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, where the objective of our farming would be higher when optimal management of our strategies would be provided compared to other scenarios. To find the most efficient and least expensive approach, cost-effectiveness analysis has been performed. According to the findings, an optimal strategy for harvesting flowers is the most economical and efficient way to increase the amount of earnings from this integrated farming. However, the results of this study can help the farmers in developing beneficial strategies to gain maximum profit by reducing the cost.
近几十年来,番石榴果实因其营养价值高、易于获取而成为热带地区更受欢迎的作物。遗憾的是,番石榴的种植面临着多方面的挑战,全球变暖导致番石榴蛀虫增加,对作物产量构成重大威胁,而杀虫剂的成本又加重了农民的经济负担。为了克服这一困难,人们设计了一种综合栽培方法,同时栽培番石榴和块茎花,以达到生物病虫害防治的目的,同时还通过销售块茎花赚钱,以支持综合农业计划。本数学建模研究的重点是利用喷洒农药和收获花卉的策略来解决最优控制问题,以实现尽可能高的利润。然后利用庞特里亚金的最大原则对建议的最优控制进行了表征,与其他方案相比,当我们的策略得到优化管理时,我们的农业目标就会更高。为了找到效率最高、成本最低的方法,我们进行了成本效益分析。研究结果表明,最佳的鲜花采摘策略是提高综合农业收益的最经济、最有效的方法。不过,这项研究的结果可以帮助农民制定有利的战略,通过降低成本获得最大利润。
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引用次数: 0
Observer-based fuzzy T–S control with an estimation error guarantee for MPPT of a photovoltaic battery charger in partial shade conditions 基于观测器的模糊 T-S 控制,为部分遮阳条件下光伏电池充电器的 MPPT 提供估计误差保证
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100488
Redouane Chaibi , Rachid EL Bachtiri , Karima El Hammoumi , Mohamed Yagoubi
To improve the efficiency and performance of a photovoltaic system (PV) an observer-based fuzzy controller design methodology is provided in the study. The desired controller is achieved by employing a combination of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The system consists of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) connected to a boost converter. A battery is linked to the boost converter to stock additional energy for further use. A fuzzy controller based on a T–S fuzzy type observer that guarantees a predefined L2 performance is suggested to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) even under changing weather conditions. An optimal trajectory should be tracked to ensure maximum power operation. For this aim, a specific reference fuzzy model is proposed to create the aimed trajectories. Using this method, the system dynamics are precisely reproduced over a large range of operations. The whole T–S fuzzy methodology, suggested in this paper, aims to ensure the most efficient energy recovery to recharge a battery under partially shaded conditions, resulting in high system efficiency. The proposed method is simulated with MATLAB /SIMULINK  and the simulation results, with realistic reference trajectories, are driven while taking into account climate variations. The analysis of these simulations, along with a comparison with two other commonly used approaches, led to the conclusion that the suggested strategy succeeded in reducing the tracking time, as well as eliminating the oscillation that often occurs around maximum power point (MPP).
为了提高光伏系统(PV)的效率和性能,本研究提供了一种基于观测器的模糊控制器设计方法。通过线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的组合,可实现所需的控制器。该系统由连接到升压转换器的光伏发电机(PVG)组成。蓄电池与升压转换器相连,以储存额外的能量供进一步使用。建议采用基于 T-S 模糊类型观测器的模糊控制器,以保证预定的 L2 性能,从而实现最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT),即使在不断变化的天气条件下也是如此。应跟踪最佳轨迹,以确保最大功率运行。为此,提出了一个特定的参考模糊模型来创建目标轨迹。利用这种方法,可以在很大的运行范围内精确再现系统动态。本文提出的整个 T-S 模糊方法旨在确保在部分遮光条件下以最高效的能量回收为电池充电,从而实现较高的系统效率。本文利用 MATLAB /SIMULINK 对所提出的方法进行了仿真,仿真结果采用了现实的参考轨迹,同时考虑到了气候的变化。通过对这些仿真结果的分析,以及与其他两种常用方法的比较,得出的结论是,所建议的策略成功地缩短了跟踪时间,并消除了在最大功率点(MPP)附近经常出现的振荡。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing self-healing N-policy queueing models and their impact on IoT design applications 实施自愈 N 政策队列模型及其对物联网设计应用的影响
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100492
B. Janani , K. Ambika , S. Jegan
We embarked on a comprehensive exploration of a single server queueing design, with a specific focus on handling soft failures. Soft failures refer to instances where customers do not need to be removed but rather need to wait for the server to be reactivated. These occurrences can happen at any time during the server's operation. When a soft failure occurs, the process automatically initiates a repair action, which we will refer to as the self-healing time. This self-healing time is relatively short, as the server possesses a remarkable restoration capability. Once the repair is complete, the server resumes its service provision and resumes normal operations. Moreover, during periods of prolonged idleness, the server can enter a dormant state, akin to a vacation mode. This dormant state is triggered when the server awaits the accumulation of N or more users. Once the threshold is reached, the server transitions into a busy state and resumes its normal operations. This study represents the pioneering integration of soft failures with the N policy, marking the first of its kind in this field. Additionally, we provide explicit expressions for the transient probabilities of the model, employing generating function methodology and Laplace transform techniques. Furthermore, we include performance measures and a numerical component to underscore the significance of the model's parameters.
我们开始对单服务器队列设计进行全面探索,重点是处理软故障。软故障指的是客户不需要被移走,而是需要等待服务器重新激活的情况。这种情况可能在服务器运行期间的任何时候发生。软故障发生时,进程会自动启动修复操作,我们将其称为自愈时间。自愈时间相对较短,因为服务器具有出色的修复能力。一旦修复完成,服务器就会重新开始提供服务,恢复正常运行。此外,在长时间闲置期间,服务器可以进入休眠状态,类似于度假模式。当服务器等待累积 N 个或更多用户时,就会触发休眠状态。一旦达到阈值,服务器就会转入繁忙状态,恢复正常运行。这项研究开创性地将软故障与 N 策略整合在一起,在该领域尚属首次。此外,我们还利用生成函数方法和拉普拉斯变换技术,为模型的瞬态概率提供了明确的表达式。此外,我们还包括性能测量和数值部分,以强调模型参数的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A review of fuzzy logic analysis in COVID-19 pandemic and a new technique through extended hexagonal intuitionistic fuzzy number in analysis of COVID-19 COVID-19 大流行病中的模糊逻辑分析综述,以及通过扩展六边形直觉模糊数分析 COVID-19 的新技术
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100498
Laxmi Rathour , Vinay Singh , M.K. Sharma , Nitesh Dhiman , Vishnu Narayan Mishra
Several intuitionistic fuzzy logic approaches have been used for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. We have developed a fuzzy rule base system for the detection of COVID-19 patients. In this study, we have considered six major parameters based symmetric/asymmetric, linear/non-linear hexagonal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (HIFN) for the input-output factors of the problem. In real-life diagnosis problems, such as assessing COVID-19 symptoms, applying symmetric and asymmetric, linear and non-linear hexagonal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers allows for a more accurate representation of patient conditions. Centre of area method is used for the defuzzied value of the hexagonal intuitionistic fuzzy parameters. HIFN are used because they provide a detailed representation of uncertainty, incorporating both membership and non-membership degrees through six parameters. This flexibility allows for nuanced modelling of real-world scenarios, such as medical diagnoses, where data often includes ambiguity. Then the HIFN approach is used for obtaining the compromising and superlative solution in the diagnostic process of COVID-19 patients. To figure out the adaptability of the proposed HIFN based technique, a comparative study is also introduced. The originality, limitations, future aspects and advantages of using this HIFN based technique is also discussed in this article.
有几种直觉模糊逻辑方法被用于诊断 COVID-19 患者。我们开发了一种用于检测 COVID-19 患者的模糊规则库系统。在这项研究中,我们考虑了基于对称/非对称、线性/非线性六边形直觉模糊数(HIFN)的六个主要参数,作为问题的输入输出因素。在实际诊断问题中,如评估 COVID-19 症状时,应用对称和非对称、线性和非线性六方直觉模糊数可以更准确地表示病人的情况。面积中心法用于六边形直觉模糊参数的模糊值。使用 HIFN 的原因是它们能详细地表示不确定性,通过六个参数将成员度和非成员度结合起来。这种灵活性允许对现实世界中的情况进行细致入微的建模,例如医疗诊断,其中的数据往往包含模糊性。然后,在 COVID-19 患者的诊断过程中,使用 HIFN 方法获得折中和最优解。为了弄清所提出的基于 HIFN 的技术的适应性,还介绍了一项比较研究。本文还讨论了使用这种基于 HIFN 技术的独创性、局限性、未来方面和优势。
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引用次数: 0
Satellite imagery, big data, IoT and deep learning techniques for wheat yield prediction in Morocco 卫星图像、大数据、物联网和深度学习技术用于摩洛哥小麦产量预测
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100489
Abdelouafi Boukhris, Antari Jilali, Abderrahmane Sadiq
In the domain of efficient management of resources and ensuring nutritional consistency, accuracy in predicting crop yields becomes crucial. The advancement of artificial intelligence techniques, synchronized with satellite imagery, has emerged as a potent approach for forecasting crop yields in modern times. We used two types of data: spatial data and temporal data. Spatial data are gathered from satellite imagery and processed using ArcGIS to extract data about crops based on several indices like NDVI and NWDI. Temporal data are gathered from agricultural sensors such as temperature sensors, rainfall sensor, precipitation sensor and soil moisture sensor. In our case we used Sentinel 2 satellite to extract vegetation indices. We have used IoT systems, especially Raspberry Pi B+ to collect and process data coming from sensors. All data collected are then stored into a NoSQL server to be analysed and processed. Several machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been used for the processing of crop recommendation system, such as logistic regression, KNN, decision tree, support vector machine, LSTM, and Bi-LSTM through the collected dataset. We used GRU deep learning model for the best performance, the RMSE and R2 for this model was 0.00036 and 0.99 respectively.
The main contribution of our paper is the development of a new system that can predict several crop yields, such as wheat, maize, etc., using IoT, satellite imagery for spatial data and the use of sensors for temporal data. We are the first paper that has combined spatial data and temporal data to predict crop yield based on deep learning algorithms, unlike other works that uses only remote sensing data or temporal data. We created an E-monitoring crop yield prediction system that helps farmers track all information about crops and show the result of prediction in a mobile application. This system helps farmers with more efficient decision making to enhance crop production. The main production regions of wheat in Morocco are in the rainfed areas of the plains and plateaus of Chaouia, Abda, Haouz, Tadla, Gharb and Saïs. We studied three main regions well known for wheat production which are Rabat-Salé, Fez-Meknes, Casablanca-Settat.
在有效管理资源和确保营养一致性方面,准确预测作物产量至关重要。人工智能技术与卫星图像同步发展,已成为现代预测作物产量的有效方法。我们使用了两类数据:空间数据和时间数据。空间数据来自卫星图像,并使用 ArcGIS 进行处理,以提取基于 NDVI 和 NWDI 等指数的作物数据。时间数据来自农业传感器,如温度传感器、雨量传感器、降水传感器和土壤水分传感器。在我们的案例中,我们使用哨兵 2 号卫星来提取植被指数。我们使用物联网系统,特别是 Raspberry Pi B+ 来收集和处理来自传感器的数据。收集到的所有数据都会存储到 NoSQL 服务器中进行分析和处理。在处理作物推荐系统时,我们使用了多种机器学习和深度学习算法,如逻辑回归、KNN、决策树、支持向量机、LSTM 和 Bi-LSTM 等。我们使用的 GRU 深度学习模型性能最佳,该模型的 RMSE 和 R2 分别为 0.00036 和 0.99。我们论文的主要贡献是利用物联网、卫星图像获取空间数据,并使用传感器获取时间数据,开发了一种可预测小麦、玉米等多种作物产量的新系统。与其他仅使用遥感数据或时间数据的论文不同,我们是第一篇结合空间数据和时间数据,基于深度学习算法预测作物产量的论文。我们创建了一个电子监测作物产量预测系统,帮助农民跟踪作物的所有信息,并在移动应用程序中显示预测结果。该系统可帮助农民做出更有效的决策,提高作物产量。摩洛哥的小麦主产区位于沙维雅、阿布达、豪斯、塔德拉、加尔布和赛斯平原和高原的雨水灌溉区。我们研究了拉巴特-萨莱、非斯-梅克内斯、卡萨布兰卡-塞塔特这三个著名的小麦主产区。
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引用次数: 0
Selective opposition based constrained barnacle mating optimization: Theory and applications 基于选择性对抗的约束藤壶交配优化:理论与应用
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100487
Marzia Ahmed , Mohd Herwan Sulaiman , Md. Maruf Hassan , Md. Atikur Rahaman , Masuk Abdullah
Mathematical models of Barnacle Mating Optimization (BMO) are based on observations of real-world barnacle mating behaviors such as sperm casting and self-fertilization. Nevertheless, BMO considers penis length to produce new offspring through pseudo-copulated mating behavior, with no constraints like strong wave motion, food availability, or wind direction considered. Exploration and exploitation are two crucial optimization stages as we implement the constrained BMO. They are informed by models of navigational sperm casting properties, food availability, food attractiveness, wind direction, and intertidal zone wave movement experienced by barnacles during mating. We will later integrate opposition-based learning (OBL) with constrained BMO (C-BMO) to improve its exploratory behavior while retaining a quick convergence rate. Rather than opposing all barnacle dimensions, we just opposed those that went over the border. In addition to increasing efficiency by cutting down on wasted time spent exploring, this also increases the likelihood of stumbling onto optimal solutions. After that, it is put through its paces in a real-world case study, where it proves to be superior to the most cutting-edge algorithms available.
藤壶交配优化(BMO)的数学模型是基于对现实世界中藤壶交配行为的观察,如撒精和自交。不过,BMO 考虑的是阴茎长度,通过伪繁殖交配行为产生新的后代,而没有考虑强浪运动、食物供应或风向等限制因素。探索和利用是我们实施受限 BMO 的两个关键优化阶段。它们参考了藤壶在交配过程中经历的导航投精特性、食物可得性、食物吸引力、风向和潮间带波浪运动等模型。稍后,我们将把基于对立的学习(OBL)与受限 BMO(C-BMO)结合起来,以改进其探索行为,同时保持快速的收敛速度。我们不反对所有藤壶维度,而只反对那些越界的维度。除了通过减少浪费在探索上的时间来提高效率外,这还增加了偶然发现最优解的可能性。之后,我们在实际案例研究中对它进行了检验,证明它优于现有的最先进算法。
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引用次数: 0
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Results in Control and Optimization
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