Environmental Challenges最新文献_第10页

Ecological hotspots across the global citrus supply chain: A comprehensive life cycle assessment 全球柑橘供应链生态热点：综合生命周期评估

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101396

Eleonora Crenna , Roland Hischier , Thijs Defraeye , Daniel Onwude

Global demand for fruits and vegetables is rising, intensifying pressures on land, water, and energy, and driving post-harvest losses that waste ∼30% of annual production. Such losses, together with energy-intensive cold chains, amplify greenhouse gas emissions. Amidst these concerns, the environmental impact of the fruit and vegetable value chain, particularly the transcontinental cold chain, is gaining attention but remains largely unexplored. Here, we quantify the environmental impacts of the intercontinental citrus supply chain from South Africa to the Netherlands using life cycle assessment. By evaluating 16 impact indicators, including water use, land use, freshwater ecotoxicity, and marine eutrophication, we capture hidden burdens typically overlooked in carbon-focused studies. Cultivation dominates water-use impacts (99%), exacerbating risks in water-scarce regions, and accounts for 68% of freshwater ecotoxicity due to chemical inputs. In the post-harvest stages, overseas shipment contributes 62% to the impact of photochemical ozone formation and 52% to the impact of marine eutrophication, highlighting the need for low-carbon transport solutions. Cardboard box production for transport ranks as the second-highest post-harvest contributor to environmental impacts. Aggregated into a weighted single score, pre-harvest activities contribute 56% of total impacts, primarily from irrigation and agrochemicals. These findings pinpoint the ecological hotspots in global fruit trade and underscore the urgency of sustainable irrigation, low-carbon logistics, and material efficiency. Our holistic approach not only identifies ecological hotspots across a real-world, global fruit chain but also establishes citrus as a model system for assessing the sustainability of perishable, globally traded commodities. Our results provide a robust evidence base for policy, supply chain optimisation, and digital tools that support sustainable intercontinental food systems.

全球对水果和蔬菜的需求正在上升，加剧了对土地、水和能源的压力，并造成收获后损失，浪费了约30%的年产量。这种损失，加上能源密集型冷链，加剧了温室气体排放。在这些担忧中，水果和蔬菜价值链，特别是横贯大陆的冷链对环境的影响正在引起人们的关注，但在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里，我们使用生命周期评估量化了从南非到荷兰的洲际柑橘供应链的环境影响。通过评估16项影响指标，包括水资源利用、土地利用、淡水生态毒性和海洋富营养化，我们发现了以碳为重点的研究中通常被忽视的隐性负担。种植在用水影响中占主导地位（99%），加剧了缺水地区的风险，占化学品投入造成的淡水生态毒性的68%。在收获后阶段，海外运输对光化学臭氧形成的影响占62%，对海洋富营养化的影响占52%，这凸显了对低碳运输解决方案的需求。运输用纸板箱的生产是收获后对环境影响的第二大贡献者。综合成一个加权分数，收获前活动对总影响的贡献为56%，主要来自灌溉和农用化学品。这些发现指出了全球水果贸易中的生态热点，并强调了可持续灌溉、低碳物流和材料效率的紧迫性。我们的整体方法不仅确定了现实世界中全球水果链的生态热点，而且还建立了柑橘作为评估易腐全球贸易商品可持续性的模型系统。我们的研究结果为政策、供应链优化和支持可持续洲际粮食系统的数字工具提供了强有力的证据基础。

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引用次数: 0

Heavy metal accumulation and human health risks associated with used automotive oil filters 废旧汽车机油滤清器的重金属积累与人体健康风险

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101395

Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi , Ziaeddin Bonyadi

Engine oils gradually accumulate heavy metals that can pose risks to human health, particularly for workers who experience continuous occupational exposure, as well as to the environment. This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in used automotive oil filters and evaluated the associated health risks for workers in Mashhad, Iran. In this study, 0.5 g of engine oil was collected from each used filter and digested with a 2:1 mixture of nitric acid (HNO₃) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), followed by heating at 80 °C. The concentrations of zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A health risk assessment was conducted for each heavy metal, which included the calculation of the chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and lifetime cancer risk (CR). The findings showed that Zn had the highest concentration at 32,000 mg/L. Cr and Pb were measured at 5.0 mg/L and 6.0 mg/L, respectively. Cd and As were both detected at 0.14 mg/L. The highest CDI value was observed for zinc in children at 4.1 × 10^–1 mg/kg/day. These findings highlight the urgent need for protective measures to reduce occupational exposure, particularly to As, in automotive service settings.

发动机油会逐渐积聚重金属，对人体健康构成风险，特别是对持续接触这种物质的工人和环境。本研究确定了二手汽车机油滤清器中的重金属浓度，并评估了伊朗马什哈德工人的相关健康风险。在本研究中，从每个使用过的过滤器中收集0.5 g发动机油，用2:1的硝酸（HNO3）和过氧化氢（H2O2）混合消化，然后在80℃加热。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定了样品中锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和砷（As）的浓度。对每种重金属进行健康风险评估，包括计算慢性每日摄入量（CDI）、危害商（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和终生癌症风险（CR）。结果表明，锌的浓度最高，为32000 mg/L。Cr和Pb分别测定为5.0 mg/L和6.0 mg/L。Cd和As的检测浓度均为0.14 mg/L。儿童锌的CDI值最高，为4.1 × 10-1 mg/kg/天。这些发现突出表明，迫切需要采取保护措施，以减少职业暴露，特别是汽车服务环境中的砷。

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引用次数: 0

Community-driven assessment of springs and ponds: Status, dependency, and utilization in Kavre district, central Nepal 社区驱动的泉水和池塘评估：尼泊尔中部Kavre地区的现状、依赖和利用

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101394

Anju Pandit , Srijan Thapa , Sanjeev Bhuchar , Madhav Dhakal , Santosh Kafle

Effective management of spring water sources is crucial for ensuring a sustainable water supply in mountainous regions. This study employed a community-based approach, leveraging citizen science and local knowledge to map and assess springs and ponds across seven municipalities in Nepal. Community Resource Persons (CRPs), trained and equipped with the Survey123 app, played a pivotal role in data collection. This approach generated one of the most comprehensive, community-driven spring inventories in the region, directly addressing critical gaps in scalable and standardized documentation. The effort resulted in mapping 5689 water sources, including 5168 springs and 521 ponds, highlighting their distribution and condition. The research underscores the socio-economic and environmental significance of these water sources, supporting diverse uses from drinking and agriculture to cultural practices. However, 27 % of documented sources have dried up due to earthquakes, droughts, and infrastructure development, indicating increasing water scarcity at the community level. Despite challenges, communities exhibit resilience, implementing adaptation measures like harvesting rainwater and identifying new water sources. Notably, only 12 % of active sources are managed by dedicated spring or water management committees, emphasizing the need for community-driven governance and gender-inclusive leadership. This research, involving continuous consultation with local authorities and community representatives, facilitated efficient mapping of spring resources and prioritized springshed management funding in municipal plans, aligning with global sustainable development goals and providing a framework for future sustainable springshed management efforts. The comprehensive dataset is crucial for informed decision-making and sustainable water resource management, underscoring the need for integrated approaches to mitigate threats, preserve these vital natural assets, and secure water availability for future generations in central Nepal's mountain communities.

对泉水水源的有效管理对于确保山区的可持续供水至关重要。本研究采用基于社区的方法，利用公民科学和当地知识绘制和评估尼泊尔七个城市的泉水和池塘。经过培训并配备Survey123应用程序的社区资源人员（CRPs）在数据收集中发挥了关键作用。这种方法产生了该地区最全面的、社区驱动的春季清单之一，直接解决了可扩展和标准化文档中的关键差距。绘制了5689个水源地，其中泉水5168个，池塘521个，水源地分布和水情一目了然。该研究强调了这些水源的社会经济和环境意义，支持从饮用和农业到文化习俗的多种用途。然而，有记录的水源中有27%由于地震、干旱和基础设施建设而干涸，这表明社区层面的水资源短缺日益严重。尽管面临挑战，但社区表现出了复原力，采取了收集雨水和寻找新水源等适应措施。值得注意的是，只有12%的活跃水源由专门的泉水或水源管理委员会管理，这强调了社区驱动的治理和性别包容性领导的必要性。这项研究涉及与地方当局和社区代表的持续协商，促进了春季资源的有效测绘，并在市政计划中优先考虑了春季管理资金，与全球可持续发展目标保持一致，并为未来可持续的春季管理工作提供了框架。综合数据集对于明智的决策和可持续的水资源管理至关重要，强调需要采取综合方法来减轻威胁，保护这些重要的自然资产，并为尼泊尔中部山区的子孙后代确保水的可用性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating machine learning and drone technology for precision agriculture: A smart solution for automated irrigation and crop management 集成机器学习和无人机技术的精准农业：自动化灌溉和作物管理的智能解决方案

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101393

Sayibu Abdul-Gafaar , Peter Osei Boamah , Jacqueline Onumah , Frank Sam , Raymond Gyaang , Daniel Appiah-Essuman , Dennis Redeemer Korda , Alberta Mawunyo Buadi , Linus Tabari , Fortunatus Aabangbio Wulnye

Agriculture is vital to Ghana’s economy, contributing approximately 20 % to GDP and employing 45 % of the workforce. However, the agricultural sector’s reliance on rain-fed farming, particularly in northern Ghana, exposes it to climate variability, erratic rainfall, and prolonged droughts which lead to chronic food insecurity and economic losses. With only 2 % of farmland irrigated, traditional methods exacerbate water scarcity and low productivity. This study proposes an innovative machine learning (ML) and drone-based precision irrigation system to optimize water use, enhance crop yields, and build climate resilience in northern Ghana. The study deployed internet of things (IoT) soil sensors, weather forecasts, and autonomous drones across 150 smallholder farms in Tamale, Bolgatanga, and Wa through a mixed-methods approach. A random forest ML model predicted irrigation needs, while drones delivered targeted water applications. Results showed a 50.6 % increase in crop yields and a 30–40 % reduction in water usage compared to traditional methods. However, stakeholder interviews and factor analysis identified barriers such as high costs, limited digital literacy, and policy gaps. The study recommends government subsidies, farmer training, and regulatory reforms to facilitate adoption. This scalable model contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 6, and 13) and offers a replicable framework for other arid regions in sub-Saharan Africa.

农业对加纳经济至关重要，贡献了约20%的GDP，雇佣了45%的劳动力。然而，农业部门对雨养农业的依赖，特别是在加纳北部，使其受到气候变化、降雨不稳定和长期干旱的影响，从而导致长期的粮食不安全和经济损失。由于只有2%的农田得到灌溉，传统方法加剧了水资源短缺和生产力低下。本研究提出了一种创新的机器学习（ML）和基于无人机的精确灌溉系统，以优化加纳北部的水资源利用，提高作物产量，并建立气候适应能力。该研究通过混合方法在Tamale、Bolgatanga和Wa的150个小农场部署了物联网（IoT）土壤传感器、天气预报和自主无人机。随机森林机器学习模型预测灌溉需求，而无人机则提供有针对性的用水。结果表明，与传统方法相比，作物产量增加50.6%，用水量减少30 - 40%。然而，利益相关者访谈和因素分析发现了成本高、数字素养有限和政策差距等障碍。该研究建议政府补贴、农民培训和监管改革以促进采用。这一可扩展模式有助于实现可持续发展目标（可持续发展目标2、6和13），并为撒哈拉以南非洲其他干旱地区提供了可复制的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Geospatial assessment of environmental liabilities: Water stress and climate resilience along Tanzania's Belt and Road Initiative Corridors 环境责任的地理空间评估：坦桑尼亚“一带一路”倡议走廊沿线的水资源压力和气候适应能力

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101391

Kizito Ngowi , Min Ji , Hanyu Ji , Zequn Liu , Pengfei Song

Large-scale infrastructure corridors in developing regions face mounting environmental constraints as hydrological stress intensifies and climate variability accelerates, underscoring the need for diagnostic, spatially explicit risk assessment tools. To address this critical gap, this study implements an enhanced, uncertainty-bounded geospatial framework to quantify environmental liabilities along Tanzania’s three principal development axes—the Central Corridor, Standard Gauge Railway, and Mtwara Corridor—over 2019–2024. The analysis integrates multi-temporal Sentinel-2 MSI, MODIS NDVI, and CHIRPS precipitation datasets to construct a validated Standardized Water Stress Index (WSI) derived from anomaly-based MNDWI Z-scores and independently verified against the Standardized Precipitation Index (Spearman’s ρ = –0.62, p < 0.001). A diagnostic Composite Climate Resilience Index (CRI) developed through PCA (KMO = 0.84; cumulative variance = 81.0 %) enables decomposition of dominant vulnerability drivers. Findings show that 42.1 % (95 % CI: 40.2–43.8 %) of transport infrastructure and 50.0 % (95 % CI: 47.9–52.1 %) of new urban expansion (1810 ha) lie within high water-stress zones (WSI > 0.80), indicating substantial exposure to hydrological deficits. Temperature Stability (35.0 % ± 2.8 %) and Precipitation Consistency (28.0 % ± 2.4 %) were identified as the principal determinants of climate resilience, generating marked regional disparities (CRI range: 0.45–0.75). All workflows were implemented in Google Earth Engine and Python, with full reproducibility ensured through a permanently archived DOI. The study introduces a scalable pre-development screening protocol linking hydrological reliability and climatic stability to infrastructure viability, delivering actionable diagnostics for climate-sensitive planning, targeted adaptation, and SDG-aligned development in data-limited regions.

随着水文压力的加剧和气候变率的加速，发展中地区的大型基础设施走廊面临越来越多的环境限制，这凸显了对诊断性的、空间明确的风险评估工具的需求。为了解决这一重大差距，本研究实施了一个增强的、不确定性有限的地理空间框架，以量化坦桑尼亚三条主要发展轴（中央走廊、标准轨距铁路和姆特瓦拉走廊）2019-2024年的环境责任。该分析整合了多时段Sentinel-2 MSI、MODIS NDVI和CHIRPS降水数据集，构建了一个经过验证的标准化水分胁迫指数（WSI），该指数来自基于异常的MNDWI z分数，并独立验证了标准化降水指数（Spearman 's ρ = -0.62, p < 0.001）。通过主成分分析法开发的诊断性复合气候恢复指数（CRI）（KMO = 0.84，累积方差= 81.0%）能够分解主要的脆弱性驱动因素。研究结果表明，42.1% （95% CI: 40.2 - 43.8%）的交通基础设施和50.0% （95% CI: 47.9 - 52.1%）的新城市扩张（1810公顷）位于高水压力区（WSI > 0.80），表明存在严重的水文缺陷。温度稳定性（35.0%±2.8%）和降水一致性（28.0%±2.4%）被确定为气候恢复力的主要决定因素，产生显著的区域差异（CRI范围：0.45-0.75）。所有工作流程都在谷歌Earth Engine和Python中实现，通过永久存档的DOI确保了完全的可重复性。该研究引入了可扩展的开发前筛选方案，将水文可靠性和气候稳定性与基础设施可行性联系起来，为数据有限地区的气候敏感规划、有针对性的适应和与可持续发展目标一致的发展提供可操作的诊断。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of farm-level economic and greenhouse gas emissions performance: A case study of an alcoholic beverage company’s suppliers in Ireland 农场经济和温室气体排放绩效的比较分析：爱尔兰一家酒精饮料公司供应商的案例研究

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101392

Carel Johannes Kriek , Thia Hennessy , John Quinn , Fiona Thorne

The climate and biodiversity crises have prompted most industries to adopt nature-positive actions that support ecosystem functioning and decarbonisation. This shift is prominent in the food and beverage (F&B) sector, particularly multinational alcoholic beverage companies, where regulatory pressure, capital markets, and consumer demand have accelerated efforts to engage suppliers on sustainability. This paper assessed the environmental and economic performance of spring barley suppliers to a global alcoholic beverage company (BC) in Ireland as a case study. To understand performance variability, identify opportunities for improvement, and provide national context, spring barley farmers supplying the BC in Ireland were compared with a nationally representative sample in 2020 and 2023. Estimates of emissions per euro of output and per tonne of spring barley were produced to support the BC’s understanding of its Scope 3 emissions. BC supplying farms outperformed national farms economically, with higher output and margins. The BC farmers had higher total emissions in 2020, decreasing by 2023, resulting in improved emissions efficiency, with BC farms emitting less per euro of output, whilst national farms increased. Synthetic fertiliser emissions were the highest source of emissions for both years. Differences between the years in emissions and economic performance highlight the environmental and economic volatility farmers face in the tillage industry. Our study produces emission efficiency metrics useful to F&B companies, highlights the importance of harmonised data and verification methods for companies wishing to improve sustainability performance. Our findings support F&B companies in working more effectively with suppliers to reduce Scope 3 emissions accountably.

气候和生物多样性危机促使大多数行业采取有利于自然的行动，支持生态系统功能和脱碳。这种转变在食品和饮料（F&；B）部门尤为突出，特别是跨国酒精饮料公司，监管压力、资本市场和消费者需求加快了让供应商参与可持续发展的努力。本文以爱尔兰一家全球酒精饮料公司（BC）为例，评估了春大麦供应商的环境和经济绩效。为了了解绩效变化，确定改进机会，并提供国家背景，将爱尔兰供应BC的春大麦农民与2020年和2023年的全国代表性样本进行了比较。对每欧元产量和每吨春大麦的排放量进行了估计，以支持英国广播公司对其范围3排放的理解。不列颠哥伦比亚省供应农场在经济上优于国家农场，具有更高的产量和利润。BC省农民在2020年的总排放量较高，到2023年减少，从而提高了排放效率，BC省农场每欧元产出的排放量减少，而全国农场的排放量增加。合成肥料的排放在这两年都是最高的排放源。不同年份的排放量和经济表现之间的差异，突显了农民在耕作行业面临的环境和经济波动。我们的研究产生了对食品和B类公司有用的排放效率指标，强调了希望提高可持续性绩效的公司统一数据和验证方法的重要性。我们的研究结果支持食品和B类公司更有效地与供应商合作，以负责任的方式减少第3类排放。

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引用次数: 0

Dye removal from wastewater using ferrihydrite-modified sugarcane bagasse and biochar: Adsorption performance and modeling analysis 铁酸盐改性甘蔗渣和生物炭对废水染料的去除：吸附性能和建模分析

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101390

Nipa Das , Saikat Barua , Md. Abul Kashem , Mohammad Moniruzzaman , Muhammad Shahriar Bashar , Md. Shoffikul Islam

Cationic and anionic dyes in wastewater pose significant environmental risks due to their toxicity, persistence, and mobility. To address this issue, sugarcane bagasse (SB) and its biochar (SBB) were treated with ferrihydrite (Fh) to produce cost-effective and durable adsorbents for the simultaneous removal of methylene blue (MB, cationic) and methyl orange (MO, anionic). In single-dye systems, the ferrihydrite-biochar composite (2Fh-SBB) achieved peak Langmuir adsorption capacities of 141.75 mg g⁻¹ for MB and 138.25 mg g⁻¹ for MO, outperforming SB, SBB, Fh, and 2Fh-SB. The Freundlich model further suggested heterogeneous adsorption behavior compatible with the composite's mixed carbon-ferrihydrite surface. The kinetic data were well characterized by the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.97–0.99), suggesting the participation of surface interactions; yet, kinetics alone cannot differentiate between physisorption and chemisorption. Temperature-dependent thermodynamic analyses (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) are necessary for conclusive mechanistic validation. Statistical diagnostics validated the reliability of the isotherm and kinetic parameters. MB adsorption favored alkaline conditions, while MO adsorption was higher at acidic pH, reflecting electrostatic influences relative to surface charge and pHPZC. In binary systems, MB adsorption was enhanced by MO, indicating partial synergistic effects associated with charge heterogeneity and improved Fh dispersion. Characterization tests (BET, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM-EDS) suggested that MB interacted with both carbon and Fh domains via electrostatic and π-π interactions, while MO adsorption involves Fe-O surface interactions. The substantial and largely stable adsorption fractions highlight the effectiveness of ferrihydrite modification in pollutant stabilization. Overall, 2Fh-SBB demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, robust adsorbent for multi-dye wastewater treatment while promoting the valorization of agricultural waste.

废水中的阳离子和阴离子染料由于其毒性、持久性和流动性而对环境造成重大危害。为解决这一问题，采用水合铁（Fh）对蔗渣（SB）及其生物炭（SBB）进行了处理，制备了经济耐用的吸附剂，可同时去除亚甲基蓝（MB，阳离子）和甲基橙（MO，阴离子）。在单染料体系中，铁水化合物-生物炭复合物（2Fh-SBB）的Langmuir吸附量达到峰值，对MB的吸附量为141.75 mg g⁻¹，对MO的吸附量为138.25 mg g⁻¹，优于SB、SBB、Fh和2Fh-SB。Freundlich模型进一步表明，非均相吸附行为与复合材料的混合碳-铁水合物表面相容。动力学数据符合拟二阶模型（R²= 0.97-0.99），表明存在表面相互作用；然而，动力学本身并不能区分物理吸附和化学吸附。温度相关的热力学分析（ΔG°，ΔH°，ΔS°）对于结论性的机理验证是必要的。统计诊断验证了等温线和动力学参数的可靠性。MB在碱性条件下吸附效果更好，而MO在酸性条件下吸附效果更好，这反映了静电对表面电荷和pHPZC的影响。在二元体系中，MO对MB的吸附增强，表明与电荷非均质性和Fh分散改善有关的部分协同效应。表征测试（BET， zeta电位，FTIR, SEM-EDS）表明，MB通过静电和π-π相互作用与碳和Fh畴相互作用，而MO的吸附则涉及Fe-O表面相互作用。大量且稳定的吸附组分表明了水合铁改性在污染物稳定方面的有效性。总的来说，2Fh-SBB显示出强大的潜力，作为一种低成本，强大的吸附剂，用于多染料废水处理，同时促进农业废物的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of rice husk and azolla biomass for improving soil chemical properties under irrigation with contaminated anzali wetland water 污染安扎里湿地水灌溉条件下稻壳和稻壳生物量对土壤化学性质的影响

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101389

Fatemeh Bagheri , Jila Baharlouei , Banafsheh Khalili , Elham Chavoshi

Developing environmentally sound options for recycling agricultural residues and wetland plant biomass is of both economic and ecological importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochar and compost produced from rice (Oryza sativa) husk and Azolla (Azolla filiculoides) biomass, applied at 0, 2, and 4 %, on the chemical properties of a soil irrigated with Anzali wetland water (0, 2, and 4 %) over three- and six-month incubation periods. The experiment was a factorial on the basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The chemical properties of experimental treatments and treated soils were determined. The experimental treatments and their interactions significantly affected the measured parameters. Higher pH (8.0), EC (0.51 dS.m^-1), CEC (27.5 cmol kg^-1), OC (0.61), N (0.75 %), P (42), Na (60.7), K (91) and Mg (44.3 mg kg^-1) of Azolla biochar (especially at 4 % and six-month period) significantly improved soil chemical properties (higher soil fertility) in comparison with rice husk. However, rice husk had significantly higher PO₄ (9), NO₃ (11.5 mg l^-1), H (2.81), C (48 %) and Ca (88.5 mg kg^-1) than Azolla biochar. Interactions of biological fertilization and wetland water significantly ameliorated soil properties. Mixture of two biochars may be the more suitable treatment for improvement of soil polluted with wetland water. Azolla compost was also an effective treatment with comparable chemical properties similar to biochar treatments. These results indicate that locally produced Azolla and rice-husk amendments can contribute to waste valorization and improved soil fertility in areas irrigated with nutrient-rich wetland water.

为回收农业残留物和湿地植物生物量制定无害环境的选择方案具有经济和生态重要性。本研究的目的是评估生物炭和由水稻（Oryza sativa）外壳和杜鹃（Azolla filiculoides）生物质制成的堆肥，分别在0、2和4%的浓度下施用，对安扎利湿地水（0、2和4%）灌溉土壤3个月和6个月的化学性质的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），有3个重复。测定了试验处理和处理土壤的化学性质。实验处理及其相互作用对测量参数有显著影响。较高的pH值（8.0），EC （0.51 dS）。与稻壳相比，氮（0.75%）、磷（42%）、钠（60.7%）、钾（91%）和镁（44.3 Mg kg-1）显著改善了土壤化学性质（提高了土壤肥力）。稻壳的PO4(9)、NO3 （11.5 mg l-1）、H（2.81）、C（48%）和Ca （88.5 mg kg-1）含量显著高于Azolla生物炭。生物施肥和湿地水的相互作用显著改善了土壤性质。两种生物炭混合处理可能是改善湿地水污染土壤的更合适的处理方法。杜鹃花堆肥也是一种有效的处理方法，其化学性质与生物炭处理相似。这些结果表明，在营养丰富的湿地水灌溉地区，当地生产的杜鹃花和稻壳改良剂有助于废物增值和改善土壤肥力。

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引用次数: 0

A remediation approach for the petroleum industry using optimized biodegradable single-use SDS-surfactant in the treatment of soil contaminated with domestic-purpose-kerosene 利用优化的可生物降解的sds -表面活性剂修复石油工业中被家用煤油污染的土壤

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101388

Vincent Oshevwiyo Akpoveta , Ese Queen Umudi , Bright Ogbolu , Mabel Ajevwaye Afure , John Arigbede , John Opeyemi Thomas

Surfactants are known to aid in removing organic contaminants from soil. However, selecting a suitable surfactant for mitigating hydrocarbon pollution is an important environmental consideration during remediation. Previous studies report surfactant mixtures with a remediation focus on petroleum products, other than kerosene. This study focuses on applying an optimized biodegradable single-use sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant in treating domestic-purpose-kerosene (DPK)-contaminated soil. Soil quality indicators (pH, conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon, organic matter, soil texture, and heavy metals), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels (as kerosene), and optimization protocols were determined using standard methods. Simulating soil with 10 % DPK increased TPH by 22,800.8 % (from 8.64 ppm to 1978.63 ppm) and affected soil quality indicators, except for heavy metals and soil texture. The optimization protocol yielded conditions (optimal SDS concentration of 2 % for soil treatment at pH 4.5, under ambient temperature) that can guide practical field-scale soil remediation strategies. TPH was significantly reduced, with a remediation rate of 84.65 % after 8 h of treatment. Most of the affected soil properties improved after treatment. The kinetics of the treatment process followed Pseudo-First order, with a rate constant of 0.215 h-1 and a calculated half-life of 3 h, 13 min, and 12 s. The associated advantages of this technique, especially in terms of efficiency and versatility, make it ideal for real field challenges. The observed remediation effectiveness from using SDS alone provides a viable option as a single-use surfactant for kerosene decontamination from soil, without the need for combination with other surfactants or remediation techniques, thereby reducing dependence on more expensive and complex multi-step techniques.

众所周知，表面活性剂有助于去除土壤中的有机污染物。然而，选择合适的表面活性剂来减轻烃污染是修复过程中重要的环境考虑因素。以前的研究报告表面活性剂混合物的修复重点是石油产品，而不是煤油。研究了一种经优化的可生物降解的一次性十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）表面活性剂对家用煤油（DPK）污染土壤的处理效果。采用标准方法测定土壤质量指标（pH、电导率、全氮、全磷、有机碳、有机质、土壤质地和重金属）、总石油烃（TPH）水平（如煤油）和优化方案。添加10% DPK的模拟土壤的TPH增加了22,800.8%（从8.64 ppm增加到1978.63 ppm），并影响了除重金属和土壤质地外的土壤质量指标。优化方案得出的最佳条件（pH为4.5，环境温度下，SDS浓度为2%）可以指导实际的田间土壤修复策略。处理8 h后，TPH显著降低，修复率为84.65%。经处理后，大部分受影响的土壤性质得到改善。处理过程动力学服从准一级，速率常数为0.215 h-1，计算半衰期为3 h， 13 min和12 s。该技术的相关优势，特别是在效率和通用性方面，使其成为解决实际现场挑战的理想选择。单独使用SDS所观察到的修复效果为土壤中煤油净化提供了一个可行的选择，无需与其他表面活性剂或修复技术结合使用，从而减少了对更昂贵和复杂的多步骤技术的依赖。

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引用次数: 0

Water resources management deficiencies from an environmental perspective: An assessment of the shanty towns of Peri-urban Metropolitan Lima 从环境角度看水资源管理的不足：对利马城郊棚户区的评估

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101386

Juan Carlos Pena Philippides , Kamal A. Alsharif , Luis Humberto Chirif Rivera , Christopher F. Meindl , Shawn M. Landry , Ricardo Izurieta

The rapid increase in population has a considerable influence on the environment and poses a substantial challenge for the development of peri‑urban areas worldwide. These human settlements are becoming increasingly common: shanty towns or peri‑urban areas, where essential services such as direct water supply and sewage systems are often deficient. The need for strategic planning to facilitate urban adaptation to emerging issues and mitigate adverse trends is substantial. This study examines the primary environmental issue of inaccessible direct water distribution and the lack of sanitation affecting peri‑urban metropolitan Lima, which is home to over 1 million residents.

The development in Lima's urban areas and shanty towns reflects a swift transformation in land use due to both regulated and unregulated urbanization. The population of the shantytowns in the peri‑urban region of Lima is generally impoverished. Water quality is a significant issue in the community, as water tanks are exposed to environmental influences and contaminated by various types of pollutants. Therefore, immediate intervention from the government is needed to guarantee that peri‑urban residents have access to safe drinking water: SEDAPAL managing water distribution and overseeing the water quality, and educating the communities on how to preserve water is an essential task. Research methods to ensure a proper analysis included GIS, community surveys, stakeholder interviews, and water sampling assessment by spectrophotometric analysis specifically for heavy metals. These assessments involve establishing accessible and sustainable water and sanitation systems for all communities and citizens. Nonetheless, there is a substantial population of shantytowns in the peri‑urban areas of metropolitan Lima.

人口的迅速增加对环境产生了相当大的影响，并对全世界城郊地区的发展构成了重大挑战。这些人类住区正变得越来越普遍：棚户区或城郊地区，那里往往缺乏直接供水和污水处理系统等基本服务。需要进行战略规划，以促进城市适应新出现的问题并缓解不利趋势。本研究考察了影响100多万居民居住的近郊大都市利马的主要环境问题，即无法直接供水和缺乏卫生设施。利马城区和棚户区的发展反映了受管制和不受管制的城市化导致的土地利用的迅速转变。利马城郊地区棚户区的人口普遍贫困。水质是社会的一个重要问题，因为水箱受到环境的影响，并受到各种污染物的污染。因此，需要政府立即进行干预，以确保城郊居民能够获得安全饮用水：seapal管理供水和监督水质，并教育社区如何保护水资源是一项重要任务。确保正确分析的研究方法包括地理信息系统、社区调查、利益相关者访谈以及通过分光光度法分析重金属的水样评估。这些评估涉及为所有社区和公民建立可获得和可持续的水和卫生系统。然而，在大都市利马的城郊地区有大量的棚户区人口。

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引用次数: 0