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Bringing Diversity Education to Life: The Impact of Learning Videos on Elementary School Students' Learning Outcomes 多元化教育:学习录像对小学生学习成果的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.13134
R. Rodiyana, B. Maftuh, S. Sapriya, E. Syaodih, Ari Yanto, Davi Sofyan
This study examines the lack of comprehension among students regarding subject matter that is highly relevant to their daily lives, emphasising the importance of their understanding. The encounter with diverse situations outside the classroom is a common experience for students; however, the insufficient availability of learning tools, unappealing media, and inadequate utilisation of school facilities contribute to their limited understanding. To address this issue, learning films are proposed as an alternative media to enhance student engagement, serve as effective learning materials, and make use of school resources such as projectors. The aim of this research is to create and evaluate the effectiveness of instructional video media with a diversity theme in improving learning outcomes among class III elementary school students. The design and development (D&D) method, specifically the PPE development model, was utilised in this study, involving three stages: planning, development, and evaluation. The input of media experts, material experts, and learning experts was sought to assess the feasibility of the learning videos. The results indicated that the learning films received a feasibility rating of 95% in the "extremely feasible" category, affirming their suitability for educational settings. Experts predicted that the implementation of learning films could significantly enhance student learning outcomes. The methodology encompassed data collection through the D&D method, including planning and conducting evaluations by experts, as well as the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the results. Ultimately, this study aims to improve the actual learning outcomes of class III elementary school students through the utilisation of instructional video media with a diversity theme.
这项研究考察了学生对与他们日常生活高度相关的主题缺乏理解,强调了他们理解的重要性。在课堂外遇到各种各样的情况对学生来说是一种共同的经历;然而,学习工具的不足、缺乏吸引力的媒体和学校设施的不充分利用导致他们的理解有限。为了解决这个问题,我们建议学习电影作为一种替代媒体,以提高学生的参与度,作为有效的学习材料,并利用学校的资源,如投影仪。摘要本研究旨在探讨多元主题教学视频媒体在改善小学三年级学生学习成果方面的效果。本研究采用设计与开发(D&D)方法,特别是PPE开发模型,涉及三个阶段:规划、开发和评估。我们征求了媒体专家、材料专家和学习专家的意见,以评估学习视频的可行性。结果表明,学习电影在“极可行”类别中的可行性评分为95%,肯定了其对教育环境的适用性。专家预测,实施学习电影可以显著提高学生的学习成果。该方法包括通过D&D方法收集数据,包括由专家进行规划和评估,以及随后对结果进行分析和解释。本研究的最终目的是透过多元主题教学视频媒体的运用,改善小学三班学生的实际学习成果。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of Student Teachers in Thailand: A Pre-service Teacher Training Encounter 泰国实习教师的经验:职前教师培训遭遇
Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.13969
Rhoda Tique
COVID-19 greatly impacted the lives of students in universities worldwide, more so for the students who are to take their last year of schooling and are about to enter their pre-service teacher training. Students who wished to become teachers before and even during the pandemic needed their pre-service teaching training or teaching internship. It can be done locally or abroad. This study aimed to explore the professional experiences of student teachers while having their pre-service teacher training and on-the-job training abroad. This study aimed to determine the future teachers' professional needs as demonstrated by the challenges experienced by these student teachers, especially in addressing the call of the global community. A qualitative design was used employing individual interviews of the nine (9) Student Teachers participants based on purposive sampling. Then, it was supported by a group interview after the first interview round. Through thematic analysis, the professional experiences of the student teachers were determined and analyzed. Results showed that the student teachers had unique professional experiences, such as dealing with the English level of students, multi-level classroom teaching experience, use of different strategies, professional development, learning the Thai Language, and use of good facilities. The student teachers also faced challenges along with their professional experiences. These are challenges related to the difficulty in teaching English, teaching in multi-level classes, teaching more than the expected class size, multiple co-curricular tasks, and difficulty in learning the Thai language. However, despite these challenges, the student teachers learned and improved themselves in their pre-service teacher training abroad. They managed to equip themselves to become fit regarding the call of Internationalization and Globalization through quality education.
新冠肺炎疫情极大地影响了世界各地大学生的生活,对即将进入最后一年学校学习和即将进入职前教师培训的学生影响更大。希望在大流行之前甚至期间成为教师的学生需要接受职前教学培训或教学实习。它可以在本地或国外完成。本研究旨在探讨实习教师在国外接受职前及在职培训时的专业经验。本研究旨在通过这些实习教师所面临的挑战来确定未来教师的专业需求,特别是在应对全球社会的呼吁方面。在有目的抽样的基础上,采用定性设计,对九(9)名学生教师参与者进行了个别访谈。然后,在第一轮面试后进行小组面试。通过专题分析,确定并分析了实习教师的专业经验。结果显示,实习教师在处理学生英语水平、多层次课堂教学体验、不同策略的使用、专业发展、泰语学习和良好设施的使用等方面具有独特的专业体验。实习教师也面临着专业经验带来的挑战。这些挑战与英语教学困难、分层教学、超出预期班级规模的教学、多种课外任务以及学习泰语困难有关。然而,尽管面临这些挑战,实习教师在国外的职前教师培训中学习和提高了自己。他们通过素质教育使自己适应了国际化和全球化的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking the Path to Academic Excellence: Unraveling the Impact of 480 Class Hours in Improving Reading Ability for Lecturers 打开通往学术卓越之路:揭示480学时对提高讲师阅读能力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.10446
Andjarwati Sadik, Sitti Sahraeny, Muhammad Ridha Anugrah Latief
This study seeks to explore the readers' ability experienced by adult learners who attended IELTS preparation courses at the Language Centre Hasanuddin University. It aims at measuring their progress through reading class. The respondents were 44 out of 50 lecturers from 18 different universities in the eastern part of Indonesia, both public and private, sponsored by the Directorate of Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia. They attended 240 sessions which equaled 480 class hours for three months. The data were collected from the IELTS pre-test, progress-test, mid-test, and post-test. The progress test was given ten times during the preparation. By the end of the course, the participants sat for the real IELTS test administered by IALF Bali. They were also given a self-assessment questionnaire (20 questions) using a Likert scale ranging from "strongly agree to strongly disagree." Besides, the researchers also conducted direct observation as they were the teachers of Reading in their class. Based on the result of all instruments used in this research, the finding indicates that most of the respondents' reading ability is improving.
本研究旨在探讨在哈萨奴丁大学语言中心参加雅思备考课程的成人学习者的阅读能力。它旨在通过阅读课来衡量他们的进步。受访者是印度尼西亚东部18所公立和私立大学的50名讲师中的44名,这些大学是由印度尼西亚共和国高等教育局赞助的。他们在三个月内参加了240次课程,相当于480学时。数据收集自雅思前测、进度测试、中测和后测。在制备过程中进行了10次进度试验。课程结束后,学员将参加由巴厘岛国际雅思组织的真正的雅思考试。他们还收到了一份自我评估问卷(20个问题),使用李克特量表,范围从“非常同意到非常不同意”。此外,研究人员作为班里的阅读老师,也进行了直接观察。基于本研究中使用的所有工具的结果,发现大多数受访者的阅读能力正在提高。
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引用次数: 0
Overcoming the Character Crisis in Children: Strategies, Outcomes, and Evaluations of Bina desa Program 克服儿童性格危机:Bina desa计划的策略、结果与评价
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.13758
Dilla Rifa Oktriani, A. Hufad, N. Utami
To address Indonesia's character crisis marked by bullying and negative behavior in students, Yayasan Pemuda Peduli Bandung has introduced the Bina desa Program, incorporating experiential learning. This program emphasizes crucial character traits such as creativity, curiosity, responsibility, activeness, self-confidence, empathy, and cooperation. Through the involvement of families, schools, and communities, the program aims to enhance character education and make a positive contribution to the nation's development. This research analyzes the program's strategies, outcomes, and evaluation methods to improve character development initiatives in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation for data collection and analysis. 17 Participants, namely CEOs, program developers, volunteers, and community stakeholders, were selected through purposive sampling. The data underwent rigorous analysis, ensuring validity and reliability. The implications of this study highlight the importance of character development programs in combating the character crisis. By implementing a comprehensive curriculum and employing the principles of experiential learning, programs i.e., bina desa can effectively foster essential character traits in children. Continuous evaluation, feedback, and improvement are crucial elements for ensuring the program's success. Moreover, the involvement of social agents and collaboration with various stakeholders are vital for creating a supportive environment that nurtures children's character. This study underscores the significance of character education in broader societal progress and emphasizes the role of well-designed programs in shaping exceptional individuals who contribute positively to society.
为了解决印尼以学生恃强凌弱和消极行为为特征的性格危机,Yayasan Pemuda Peduli万隆推出了结合体验式学习的Bina desa项目。该课程强调重要的性格特征,如创造力、好奇心、责任感、主动性、自信心、同理心和合作精神。通过家庭、学校和社区的参与,该计划旨在加强品格教育,为国家的发展做出积极贡献。本研究分析该计划的策略、结果和评估方法,以改善印尼的品格发展计划。本研究采用定性方法,利用访谈、观察和文献资料进行数据收集和分析。17名参与者,即ceo,程序开发人员,志愿者和社区利益相关者,通过有目的的抽样选择。数据经过严格的分析,保证了数据的有效性和可靠性。本研究的启示强调了品格发展计划在对抗品格危机中的重要性。通过实施全面的课程和采用体验式学习的原则,bina desa项目可以有效地培养儿童的基本性格特征。持续的评估、反馈和改进是确保项目成功的关键因素。此外,社会行动者的参与以及与各利益攸关方的合作对于创造一个培育儿童性格的支持性环境至关重要。这项研究强调了品格教育在更广泛的社会进步中的重要性,并强调了精心设计的课程在塑造对社会做出积极贡献的杰出个人方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Social Interaction of Students with Gadget: Patterns and Experiences during School Time 学生使用电子产品的社会互动:学习期间的模式与经验
Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.13763
Airlangga Auliarachman Diadi, M. Nurdin, W. Gunawan
Technological advancements have rapidly impacted society, transforming the way gadgets are utilized for social interaction. Among students, the use of gadgets for socializing has been on the rise. However, differences in interaction patterns between gadget-mediated and face-to-face interactions have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate student social interaction activities through gadgets and in real-life settings. Additionally, the research explores social interaction patterns and experiences among students at SMA IT Plus Bina Bangsa Sejahtera Bogor, a high school that initially prohibited smartphone use during learning but later modified their policy prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing observation, documentation, and interviews with 30 randomly selected respondents. The study was conducted over a two-month period, from January to February 2023, at SMA IT Plus Bina Bangsa Sejahtera Bogor. The analysis reveals that gadget-mediated interaction patterns involve cooperation, accommodation, assimilation, acculturation, competition, and opposition. Prolonged gadget usage for extended hours was observed, emphasizing their significance in students' lives. Interpretation of gadget-mediated text messages sometimes leads to misunderstandings. However, communication differences between virtual and face-to-face interactions were minimal, as both modes effectively addressed problems. This research deepens our understanding of student social interaction dynamics and highlights the impact of gadget usage on interpersonal communication. It provides insights for schools, families, and policymakers to enhance positive gadget usage and improve the quality of student interactions.  
科技进步迅速影响了社会,改变了人们利用电子设备进行社交互动的方式。在学生中,使用电子设备进行社交的人数一直在上升。然而,在以电子设备为媒介的互动模式和面对面的互动模式之间的差异还没有得到充分的了解。因此,本研究旨在调查学生通过电子产品和现实生活中的社会互动活动。此外,该研究还探讨了SMA IT Plus Bina Bangsa Sejahtera茂物高中学生的社会互动模式和经历,这所高中最初禁止在学习期间使用智能手机,但后来在Covid-19大流行之前修改了政策。采用描述性定性方法,利用观察、文献和随机选择的30名受访者的访谈。该研究于2023年1月至2月在SMA IT Plus Bina Bangsa Sejahtera茂物进行了为期两个月的研究。分析表明,小工具介导的互动模式包括合作、适应、同化、文化适应、竞争和反对。观察到长时间使用电子设备,强调了它们在学生生活中的重要性。解读以电子产品为媒介的短信有时会导致误解。然而,虚拟互动和面对面互动之间的沟通差异很小,因为这两种模式都有效地解决了问题。本研究加深了我们对学生社会互动动态的理解,并强调了电子设备使用对人际交往的影响。它为学校、家庭和政策制定者提供了见解,以加强积极的电子设备使用,提高学生互动的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Affirmation Education Program: Bridging the Gap between Inclusion and Integration for Migrant Students 肯定教育计划:为流动学生弥合包容与融合之间的差距
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.12387
Dio Anggara
Migrant students face unique challenges and obstacles in their educational journey, particularly in terms of social support and overall well-being. This study aims to examine the relationship between social support and the well-being of migrant students participating in the Affirmation of Education Program (ADik) in Papua and the 3T Regions. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from a sample of 34 active students through surveys and in-depth interviews. The study employed non-probability sampling, ensuring equal opportunity for 66 eligible students. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS, and the instrument's reliability and validity were established through pretesting. The results indicated that migrant students' well-being scores were particularly low in the area of mental well-being. Regression tests revealed that emotional support, network support, and informational support significantly influenced student well-being, while reward support and instrumental support showed no effect. Additionally, the network of religious groups and student diversity were found to play a role in determining student welfare. These findings underscore the importance of social support interventions targeting emotional support, networking, and information to enhance the well-being of migrant students in the ADik program in Papua and the 3T regions. Future programs and policies should prioritize the development of these aspects to improve the overall welfare of migrant students. This study contributes to our understanding of the challenges faced by migrant students and emphasizes the need for inclusive educational initiatives that address their social support needs and promote their well-being
流动学生在他们的教育旅程中面临着独特的挑战和障碍,特别是在社会支持和整体福祉方面。本研究旨在探讨巴布亚和3T地区参与教育肯定计划(ADik)的移民学生的社会支持与幸福感之间的关系。采用定量方法,通过调查和深度访谈,从34名活跃学生的样本中收集数据。本研究采用非概率抽样,确保66名符合条件的学生机会均等。采用SPSS软件对收集的数据进行分析,并通过前测建立仪器的信度和效度。结果表明,流动学生在心理健康方面的幸福感得分特别低。回归检验显示,情感支持、网络支持和信息支持对学生的幸福感有显著影响,而奖励支持和工具支持对学生的幸福感没有影响。此外,宗教团体的网络和学生多样性被发现在决定学生福利方面发挥作用。这些发现强调了以情感支持、网络和信息为目标的社会支持干预措施的重要性,以提高巴布亚和3T地区ADik项目移民学生的福祉。未来的计划和政策应优先考虑这些方面的发展,以提高流动学生的整体福利。本研究有助于我们理解流动学生所面临的挑战,并强调了包容性教育举措的必要性,以解决他们的社会支持需求并促进他们的福祉
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引用次数: 0
Empowering Student Entrepeneurship: A 21st Century Learning Approach using TPACK Integrated PjBL Model 授权学生创业:使用TPACK集成PjBL模型的21世纪学习方法
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i2.13116
I. Iskandar
The 21st century presents numerous challenges for students, particularly in developing entrepreneurial skills to thrive in a dynamic job market. This study investigates the efficacy of the TPACK integrated PjBL (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge integrated Project-based Learning) model in fostering students' entrepreneurial interests within the context of 21st century learning in Islamic Religious Education. A mixed methods research design was employed, involving data collection, analysis, and integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study encompassed 90 third-semester students enrolled in the Islamic Religious Education Study Program at UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, utilizing a total sampling technique. Statistical tests were conducted, including preliminary tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test on pretest and posttest data. The findings reveal a significant increase in students' interest in entrepreneurship following the implementation of TPACK-integrated and PjBL-based learning. It is evident that employing the TPACK integrated PjBL model positively influences students' entrepreneurial interest. These results have profound implications for educators and policymakers, highlighting the importance of integrating the TPACK integrated PjBL model within Islamic Religious Education to enhance entrepreneurial skills and better equip students for the competitive job market. Additionally, this study emphasizes the potential for further research on technology-enhanced pedagogical approaches across various educational contexts to foster the development of 21st century skills. The implications of this research provide educators and stakeholders with valuable insights into the utilization of the TPACK integrated PjBL model as a means to empower students' entrepreneurial interests.  
21世纪给学生们提出了许多挑战,特别是在发展创业技能以在充满活力的就业市场中茁壮成长方面。本研究以21世纪伊斯兰宗教教育为背景,探讨TPACK整合PjBL (Technological Pedagogical Content and Knowledge integrated Project-based Learning)模式在培养学生创业兴趣方面的效果。采用混合方法的研究设计,包括数据收集、分析以及定量和定性方法的结合。这项研究包括90名在苏尔坦塔哈赛夫丁占比大学伊斯兰宗教教育研究项目注册的第三学期学生,采用了完全抽样技术。进行了统计检验,包括对测前和测后数据进行柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫正态性检验等初步检验。研究结果显示,在实施整合tpack和基于pjbl的学习后,学生对创业的兴趣显著增加。采用TPACK整合PjBL模型对学生的创业兴趣有显著的正向影响。这些结果对教育工作者和政策制定者具有深远的影响,强调了在伊斯兰宗教教育中整合TPACK综合PjBL模式的重要性,以提高创业技能,更好地为学生提供竞争激烈的就业市场的装备。此外,本研究强调了在各种教育背景下进一步研究技术增强教学方法以促进21世纪技能发展的潜力。本研究的意义为教育工作者和利益相关者提供了利用TPACK集成PjBL模型作为增强学生创业兴趣的手段的宝贵见解。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment, Evaluation and Monitoring of Teaching and Learning in Nigeria Primary Schools: Challenges and Implications for Teachers 尼日利亚小学教与学的评估、评价和监测:对教师的挑战和影响
Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i1.12571
M. P. Osiesi
Teaching and learning processes in Nigeria primary schools are worth a continuous assessment, monitoring and evaluation, as it is imperative that teachers and learners be abreast of the outcomes of their teaching-learning outcomes. This paper x-rayed the imports of assessment, monitoring and evaluation of teaching and learning processes in primary schools in Nigeria; and the many challenges militating against their successful implementation at the level. The implications of these challenges especially for teachers  were itemized. The paper concludes that for improved, effective, and sustainable teaching-learning interventions, regular, effective and efficient assessment, monitoring, and evaluation practices should be implemented and sustained in all primary schools; while the challenges militating against the assessment, monitoring and evaluation of teaching and learning in Nigeria primary schools be fully addressed. 
尼日利亚小学的教学过程值得持续评估、监测和评价,因为教师和学习者必须及时了解他们的教学成果。本文对尼日利亚小学教学过程的评估、监测和评价的重要性进行了透视;许多挑战阻碍了它们在这一层面上的成功实施。这些挑战的影响,特别是对教师的逐项列举。本文的结论是,为了改进、有效和可持续的教学干预措施,应该在所有小学实施和持续定期、有效和高效的评估、监测和评估实践;同时,对尼日利亚小学教学的评估、监测和评价造成阻碍的挑战得到充分解决。
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引用次数: 3
From Speech to Text: Enhancing Descriptive Paragraph Writing with Unjuk Tutur‘s Learning Model 从语音到文本:用Unjuk Tutur的学习模式加强描述性段落写作
Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i1.11260
B. Sulistyo, S. Anam, E. Erwanto
This study fills a gap in the literature by examining effectiveness of one specific speaking project named Unjuk Tutur (Show and Tell) learning model in improving the ability of seventh-grade students at SMPN 01 Simpang OKU Selatan to write descriptive paragraphs. The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 16 out of 119 students due to social restrictions from the government in response to COVID-19. Data was collected through a descriptive paragraph writing test, and the data was analyzed using statistical techniques. The results showed a significant improvement in students' ability to write descriptive paragraphs after using the Speaking Project learning model, with an average score increase from 66.67 on the pre-test to 78.13 on the post-test. The findings suggest that the Speaking Project learning model could be an effective tool for improving students' writing skills in descriptive paragraphs. The assessment criteria used to evaluate the students' descriptive paragraphs included vocabulary, sentence structure, and spelling. The implications of this study are significant for educators seeking to enhance students' writing abilities. The Speaking Project learning model, which focuses on simple communication skills, could be an effective approach to teaching writing skills to seventh-grade students. Moreover, the findings of this study are relevant to the wider context of Indonesian language learning in the field, where there is a lack of variety in learning methods and models. In conclusion, this study highlights the effectiveness of the Speaking Project model in improving students' descriptive writing skills in Indonesian language learning. Educators can benefit from this approach to enhance students' writing abilities.
本研究通过考察Unjuk Tutur (Show and Tell)学习模式在提高SMPN 01 Simpang OKU Selatan小学七年级学生写作描述性段落能力方面的有效性,填补了文献中的空白。由于政府应对新冠肺炎的社会限制,该研究采用了一组前测后测设计,从119名学生中抽取了16名样本。通过描述性段落写作测试收集数据,并使用统计技术对数据进行分析。结果表明,使用口语项目学习模式后,学生的描述性段落写作能力有了显著提高,平均得分从前测的66.67分提高到后测的78.13分。研究结果表明,“口语计划”学习模式是提高学生描述性段落写作技能的有效工具。用于评估学生描述性段落的评估标准包括词汇、句子结构和拼写。本研究的启示对教育工作者寻求提高学生的写作能力具有重要意义。“口语计划”学习模式侧重于简单的沟通技巧,可能是教七年级学生写作技巧的有效方法。此外,本研究的发现与该领域印度尼西亚语言学习的更广泛背景有关,该领域的学习方法和模式缺乏多样性。综上所述,本研究强调了口语计划模式在提高学生印尼语学习中描述性写作技能方面的有效性。教育工作者可以从这种方法中受益,以提高学生的写作能力。
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引用次数: 1
Social Attitudes, Environmental Factors, and Laws-Institutions Impacts on School Dropouts: Case Studies in Sumba Island 社会态度、环境因素和法律制度对辍学的影响:以松巴岛为例
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.31849/utamax.v5i1.11818
Marianus Yufrinalis, Stefanus Igolois G. Uran
This research is based on the fact that most children in West Sumba and Central Sumba are forced to drop out of school for various very crucial reasons. The purpose of this study refers to efforts to identify various factors that influence the high dropout rate. The collected data shows that the number of primary school dropouts in West Sumba was 151 students (0.76%) from 18,772 primary school students in the regency. The highest number was in the Lamboya and Tanarighu districts, making up 2.02% and 1.06%, respectively. The percentage is even lower for secondary school dropouts, which is 0.006% of the total of 13,368 junior high school students in West Sumba. The percentage of school dropouts at the primary schools in the Central Sumba Regency is 0.72%. From the collected data, the highest dropout rates are in the districts of Mamboro (1.28%). The percentage of secondary school dropouts in Central Sumba is 2.14%. The highest numbers were in the districts of Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat (3.61%), Katikutana Selatan (2.42%), Katikutana (2.04%), Mamboro (1.70%), and Umbu Ratu Nggay (1.21%). From the information above, the highest dropout rates for primary and secondary schools are in Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat and Katikutana Selatan districts. The main factors causing the high dropout rate in these two districts are Social Attitudes, Environmental Factors, and Laws and Institutions
这项研究是基于这样一个事实,即西松巴和中松巴的大多数儿童由于各种非常关键的原因被迫辍学。本研究的目的是努力找出影响高辍学率的各种因素。所收集的数据显示,在西松巴县的18,772名小学生中,有151名学生辍学(0.76%)。人数最多的是兰博亚和塔纳里古地区,分别占2.02%和1.06%。中学辍学率更低,仅占西松巴省13368名初中学生总数的0.006%。中松巴县小学的辍学率为0.72%。从收集到的数据来看,曼伯勒地区的辍学率最高(1.28%)。中松巴的中学辍学率为2.14%。数量最多的是Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat(3.61%)、Katikutana Selatan(2.42%)、Katikutana(2.04%)、Mamboro(1.70%)和Umbu Ratu Nggay(1.21%)。从上述资料可以看出,小学和中学的辍学率最高的是乌布拉图-恩盖巴拉特和卡蒂库塔纳-塞拉坦区。造成这两个地区高辍学率的主要因素是社会态度、环境因素和法律制度因素
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引用次数: 0
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