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Facebook season: A survey of current practices of national hunting associations Facebook Pages: The case of the EU Facebook季节:对国家狩猎协会当前做法的调查Facebook页面:以欧盟为例
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-29669
Igor Ponjiger, M. Matejević, Uglješa Stankov, V. Marković, Z. Ristic, M. Kovačević, V. Barović
National hunters' associations (NHAs) are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) dealing with topics of hunting and conservation. We believe that NHAs have an important role in promoting hunting, wildlife protection, and shaping a positive public opinion about these subjects. Paper explores the basic characteristics and activities of the official Facebook Pages of NHAs among EU countries. The results have shown that the official NHA Facebook Pages don't use the potential visible through the number of registered hunters and Page followers. Also, certain parameters used in the paper show preferable Page content in order to achieve more engagement. The findings of this paper are the first step into understanding the use of Facebook in hunting promotion and will serve as a starting point for further research.
国家猎人协会(NHAs)是处理狩猎和保护主题的非政府组织。我们认为,nha在促进狩猎、野生动物保护和形成积极的公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。本文探讨了欧盟国家NHAs官方Facebook页面的基本特征和活动。结果表明,NHA的官方Facebook页面并没有利用潜在的注册猎人和页面关注者的数量。此外,在论文中使用的某些参数显示更可取的页面内容,以实现更多的参与。本文的研究结果是了解Facebook在狩猎推广中的应用的第一步,并将作为进一步研究的起点。
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引用次数: 0
TraveLux: An interaction-based brand relationship scale for the luxury travelers TraveLux:一个基于互动的奢侈旅行者品牌关系量表
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-26762
A. Baksi
Luxury consumption is on the rise over the last two decades. This brings challenge for the luxury brand marketers to sustain with the aspirational quotient of the luxury consumers. The inherent perception associated with the luxury consumption, namely narrow-band of consumers having ability to pay premium price, has given way to mass luxury consumption, thereby diminishing the price sensitivity of the segment. This luxury paradox calls for a fresh look into the equations that influence and control the relationship between the consumers and luxury brands. This study aims to develop a brand relationship instrument, namely, TraveLux, with specific reference to the travel, tourism and hospitality industry. The cross-sectional study was conducted in three major tourism destinations of India, namely, Rajasthan, Kerala and Goa. The initial scale items for the instrument were obtained by collating past studies and conducting a focus group exercise. The instrument was empirically tested to identify the relationship factors. Findings revealed that the TraveLux Brand Relationship can be mounted on four factors (dimensions), namely, immersive experience, ethno-cultural acculturation, passion & excitement and self congruence. The validated scale was further tested for possible deviations with new group of respondents. The measurement invariance did not reveal significant difference between the baseline model and the tested model. TraveLux will provide a framework for the luxury-travel brand marketers to develop specific brand designs and brand communications based on the identified relationship factors. Future research may be conducted to expand the scope of the instrument to embed behavioural and attitudinal issues of the travelers.
奢侈品消费在过去二十年中呈上升趋势。这给奢侈品品牌营销人员带来了挑战,他们如何维持奢侈品消费者的期望商。与奢侈品消费相关的固有观念,即有能力支付高价的窄波段消费者,已经让位于大众奢侈品消费,从而降低了该细分市场的价格敏感性。这种奢侈品悖论要求我们重新审视影响和控制消费者与奢侈品牌之间关系的方程式。本研究的目的是开发一个品牌关系工具,即TraveLux,具体参考旅游,旅游和酒店业。横断面研究是在印度的三个主要旅游目的地进行的,即拉贾斯坦邦,喀拉拉邦和果阿邦。该工具的初始量表项目是通过整理过去的研究并进行焦点小组练习获得的。对该仪器进行了实证检验,以确定相关因素。研究结果显示,TraveLux品牌关系可以建立在四个因素(维度)上,即沉浸式体验、民族文化适应、激情和兴奋以及自我一致性。在新的被调查者组中进一步测试验证过的量表是否存在可能的偏差。测量不变性没有显示基线模型和测试模型之间的显著差异。TraveLux将为豪华旅游品牌营销人员提供一个框架,根据已确定的关系因素制定具体的品牌设计和品牌传播。未来的研究可能会扩大工具的范围,以嵌入旅行者的行为和态度问题。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating waterfront landscape aesthetics as a tourist attraction: Case study of the river Tisza, Hungary 评价作为旅游景点的滨水景观美学:以匈牙利Tisza河为例
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-29744
Z. Karancsi, Sándor Hornyák, E. Szalma, Ferenc Oláh, Annamária Korom, Gergely Horváth, Ferenc Győri
This paper represents a methodological attempt to evaluate the natural and built riverside environment of the Tisza river, from the point of view of landscape-and environmental aesthetics and features, which might serve as background for river tourism. The research methodology was based on the theoretical division of the riverside into more or less homogeneous , easily observable sections (called visual units), and then they were evaluated one by one. Objectivity was one of the most important aims; researchers attempted to achieve it by applying the value-selection method. Following the evaluation of each sample section of the riverside area, all sections were then assigned to three different categories. Those sections which were capable of generating positive feelings were placed under the category 'Attractive', those which were capable of arousing less enthusiasm were assigned to the category of 'Neutral', and those which could be characterized by visually conflicting elements were categorized as 'Unattractive/Repulsive'. As a result of the findings of a tour of inspection and the compilation and survey of the photo documentation at the researchers' disposal, they were able to point out that the sample area was not characterized by visual conflicts of considerable significance, consequently , none of the chosen sample units fell into the category of 'Unattractive'.
本文从景观环境美学和特征的角度,对天萨河的自然环境和人工河滨环境进行了方法学上的评价,为开发河滨旅游提供了理论依据。研究方法是在理论上将河段划分为或多或少同质的、容易观察的区段(称为视觉单元),然后逐一进行评价。客观性是最重要的目标之一;研究者试图通过应用价值选择方法来实现它。在对河滨地区的每个样本区域进行评估后,将所有区域划分为三个不同的类别。那些能够产生积极感觉的部分被归为“有吸引力”类别,那些能够唤起较少热情的部分被归为“中性”类别,那些具有视觉冲突元素的部分被归为“没有吸引力/令人反感”类别。根据研究人员对照片文件进行的考察和整理和调查,他们能够指出,样本区域没有显著的视觉冲突,因此,没有一个选定的样本单位属于“不吸引人”的类别。
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引用次数: 1
Women entrepreneurs in tourism: With special reference to the Moravica District 旅游业的女企业家:特别提到摩拉维察区
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-30796
Olja Munitlak-Ivanović, Maja B. Mijatov, Lukrecija Đeri, Ema Tomašević
The research was focused on analyzing the role of women entrepreneurs in business sector of tourism within the Moravica District, or more precisely the focus was on the experience and challenges of women entrepreneurs within the researched territory. The research results indicated to reliable insight into the current position, as well as possibilities and threats of further tourism development, by considering concrete advantages and difficulties that might occur on the basis of starting their own business, especially in the case of women entrepreneurs. In respect to that, the research results provided a realistic perception of opportunities, as well as barriers for further development of women entrepreneurship in tourism of the Moravica District. The research results pointed to the fact that women from the Moravica District, who are independently engaged in tourism, are faced with various challenges. These challenges mainly occurred by the absence of appropriate trainings and educations in tourism industry, as well as by insufficient access to financial resources for starting or improving their business. All together might provide a basis for organization of educations and trainings that will obtain all the necessary information on different subventions that might facilitate the business operations of female entrepreneurs.
研究的重点是分析妇女企业家在莫拉维察地区旅游商业部门的作用,或者更确切地说,重点是研究领土内妇女企业家的经验和挑战。研究结果表明,通过考虑到开办自己的企业,特别是妇女企业家开办自己的企业可能出现的具体优势和困难,对目前的情况以及进一步发展旅游业的可能性和威胁有了可靠的见解。在这方面,研究结果对进一步发展莫拉维察地区旅游业妇女企业家精神的机会和障碍提供了现实的看法。研究结果指出,莫拉维察地区独立从事旅游业的妇女面临着各种挑战。这些挑战主要是由于在旅游业方面缺乏适当的培训和教育,以及没有足够的财政资源来开办或改进其业务。所有这些可以为组织教育和培训提供一个基础,从而获得关于可能促进女企业家商业活动的各种津贴的所有必要资料。
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引用次数: 0
Ask the people: Building tourism policies from the perception of residents: The case of Novi Sad European Capital of Culture 2022 问人民:从居民的看法建立旅游政策:以诺维萨德为例,2022年欧洲文化之都
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-32885
Nemanja Milenković, Ana Vernot-Maksić
Tourism destinations need to actively engage all their stakeholders that apart from tourists, service providers, investors, and other, also includes residents that are not always in the focus of decision-makers. However, they can be a strong opponent when showing resentment towards the tourism development or the proposed plans. Therefore, the paper analyses the perception of residents towards the urban spaces of Novi Sad. The city is awarded as the European Capital of Culture for 2021 and therefore reassess its urban settings and tourism policies with respect to the wishes of residents. Data for the research was collected by in-person interviews with 797 local residents. The results show the residents are primarily satisfied with the green/recreational areas, and the most visited point is the city centre. The essential urban markers are Petrovaradin Fortress, The Name of Mary Church, The Matica srpska, The Danube, and Serbian National Theatre. From the practical perspective, the results can enable authorities and tourism officials to identify spatially dependent attributes that are important for the destination image and residents' quality of life.
除了游客、服务提供商、投资者等,旅游目的地还需要积极吸引所有利益相关者,包括那些并不总是在决策者关注范围内的居民。然而,当他们对旅游发展或拟议的计划表示不满时,他们可能是一个强有力的反对者。因此,本文分析了诺维萨德居民对城市空间的感知。这座城市被授予2021年欧洲文化之都,因此根据居民的意愿重新评估其城市环境和旅游政策。该研究的数据是通过对797名当地居民的面对面访谈收集的。结果表明,居民对绿色/休闲区最满意,游客最多的地方是市中心。重要的城市标志是彼得罗瓦拉丁堡垒,玛丽教堂的名字,Matica srpska,多瑙河和塞尔维亚国家剧院。从实践的角度来看,这些结果可以使当局和旅游官员识别对目的地形象和居民生活质量重要的空间依赖属性。
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引用次数: 0
Development and implementation of sustainability criteria and indicators for eco-lodges and resorts in ecotourism destinations: Case studies from India 生态旅游目的地生态小屋和度假村的可持续性标准和指标的制定和实施:来自印度的案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-30594
C. Chandran, P. Bhattacharya
Ecotourism is the fastest advancing and developing market within the tourism enterprise and with faster progress; it's leaving an acute impact on the ecosystem. One of the significant stakeholders that can promote sustainability is ecotourism accommodation providers. In order to minimize their carbon footprint and negative environmental effects, many hotels and resorts around the world have launched innovative cost-saving measures. The sustainability of a destination for ecotourism is partly dependent on the success of local eco-lodges and resorts. Certification has emerged as a strong instrument for helping to conserve natural resources and cultural heritage. The study was planned to develop performance management standard criteria and indicators (C&I) for eco-lodges and resorts in order to track sustainability and current eco-tourism activities in India. The main objective is to ensure the fulfillment of the goals of ecotourism and to evaluate the working standard that is practiced in different destinations. After the stakeholder consultation, the draft standard of criteria and indicators was developed and accompanied by a comprehensive primary survey. To test the parameters of C & I, a case study review was performed across 10 prominent eco-lodges in India, which are located near ecotourism destinations. The findings of the study include the natural, social and economic aspects, along with a set of 3 principles, 5 criteria, and 86 indicators to determine the sustainable functioning of eco-lodges and resorts. Implementation of the C & I on the resorts showed that only two resorts were fully fulfilling all the C & I showing their activeness toward better sustainable management of their operations Best practice examples from different hotels of different sizes, ownership, and locations across India are also mentioned in the paper. Such examples reflect green management initiatives that support local communities, protect natural resources and cultural practices, etc.
生态旅游是旅游企业中推进和发展最快的市场,发展速度较快;这对生态系统造成了严重的影响。促进可持续发展的重要利益相关者之一是生态旅游住宿供应商。为了尽量减少碳足迹和对环境的负面影响,世界各地的许多酒店和度假村都推出了创新的成本节约措施。生态旅游目的地的可持续性在一定程度上取决于当地生态旅馆和度假村的成功。核证已成为帮助保护自然资源和文化遗产的有力工具。该研究计划为生态旅馆和度假村制定绩效管理标准和指标(C&I),以跟踪印度的可持续性和当前的生态旅游活动。主要目的是确保生态旅游目标的实现,并评估在不同目的地实践的工作标准。在与利益相关者协商后,制定了标准和指标的标准草案,并进行了全面的初步调查。为了测试c&i的参数,对印度10个位于生态旅游目的地附近的著名生态小屋进行了案例研究。研究结果包括自然、社会和经济方面,以及确定生态小屋和度假村可持续功能的3项原则、5项标准和86项指标。C & I对度假村的实施表明,只有两个度假村完全履行了所有的C & I,显示了他们对运营更好的可持续管理的积极性。本文还提到了来自印度不同规模、所有权和地点的不同酒店的最佳实践例子。这些例子反映了支持当地社区、保护自然资源和文化习俗等的绿色管理措施。
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引用次数: 1
Travel intention and behavioural changes during COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical implication for the travel and tourism industry COVID-19大流行期间旅游意愿和行为变化:对旅游业的实证启示
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-33618
S. Sukthankar, Sadanand Gaonkar
The COVID-19 outbreak has miserably disrupted the tourism industry and the travelling life style of people. Since the outbreak is still ongoing, it is presumed that the intention and behaviour of people towards travelling will change. Thus, in this context, the study employs empirical research to examine the travel intentions of travellers during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies the behavioural changes that travellers may have experienced while visiting any destination during the pandemic. For this purpose, primary data was collected from 121 travellers randomly and analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, independent sample t-tests, and ANOVA, The result indicates that the travel intentions of the respondents are influenced by perceived behavioural control. It is also revealed that the respondents will only choose such destinations that have taken all the precautionary measures. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the travel behaviour of travellers.
新冠肺炎疫情严重扰乱了旅游业和人们的旅游生活方式。由于疫情仍在持续,推测人们的旅行意图和行为将会改变。因此,在此背景下,本研究采用实证研究来检查COVID-19大流行期间旅行者的旅行意图,并确定旅行者在大流行期间访问任何目的地时可能经历的行为变化。本文随机收集了121名出境者的原始数据,采用描述性统计、回归分析、独立样本t检验和方差分析等方法进行分析,结果表明,被调查者的旅游意愿受到感知行为控制的影响。调查还显示,受访者只会选择已采取所有预防措施的目的地。该研究得出结论,2019冠状病毒病大流行对旅行者的旅行行为产生了重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tourists' alcoholic beverage consumption and re-visit intention: A conceptual paper 游客酒精饮料消费与再访意向的概念研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-29251
E. Dsouza, M. Dayanand, N. Borde
Alcohol consumption is an integral part of travel experience but its implication has been underestimated. Travel experiences are used as a competitive advantage, as more and more establishments focus on creating experiences to distinguish themselves in the increasingly competitive food and beverage sector. This paper collates literature in the area of the alcoholic beverage consumption experience of tourists and their behavioural intentions. Existing food and beverage tourism frameworks are reviewed in this study. Based on the review, we have created a new framework for the study of the alcohol consumption experience of a tourist. This conceptual study presented in the form of a proposed framework will help researchers to contribute to the field of beverage tourism by focusing on the alcoholic beverage consumption experience as the dependant construct and revealing the effects of such an experience on their revisit intention.
饮酒是旅行体验不可或缺的一部分,但它的影响被低估了。旅游体验被用作竞争优势,因为越来越多的机构专注于创造体验,以在竞争日益激烈的餐饮行业中脱颖而出。本文整理了游客的酒精饮料消费体验及其行为意图方面的文献。本研究回顾了现有的餐饮旅游框架。在此基础上,我们创建了一个新的框架来研究游客的酒精消费体验。这一概念性研究以拟议框架的形式呈现,将有助于研究人员通过关注酒精饮料消费体验作为依赖结构,并揭示这种体验对他们的重访意图的影响,为饮料旅游领域做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Developing ecological indicators of sustainable tourism in new protected areas: A case study of saline steppe and forest steppehabitats in Serbia 在新保护区制定可持续旅游的生态指标:塞尔维亚盐碱地草原和森林草原栖息地的案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-30898
V. Stojanović, Jadranka Delić, Ranko Perić, Jelena Dunjić, Sanja Obradović
This paper is one of the results of three years research (2016-2019) of specific habitats of salinesteppes and forest steppes along the Mostonga River, in the northern part of Serbia (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina), with the aim of their valorization and protection in the future. Here is also situated a natural areain the process of protection known as "Middle Mostonga".An integral part of protection declaration procedure is the creation of so-called "Protection study", as a basic document for the planning of protection guidelines for certain natural areas, buttt also includes tourism development analysis. Therefore, the working group, composed of representatives of the Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province in Novi Sad and the University of Novi Sad (Faculty of Sciences - Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management), examined the opportunities for ecotourism development in the area of "Middle Mostonga". The main objective of this article is to forthwith frame the possibility for consistent application of sustainable development goals in the future protected area "Middle Mostonga" and its surroundings by setting a scheme of indicators of sustainable tourism. Total of 160 indicators were analyzed by the team of the experts in the field relying mostly on BACI design of ecological indicators of sustainable tourism. Five main steps in identification of the relevant indicators were defined. The results showed that it is possible to apply indicators related to the number of protected species, the number of individuals (units) within populations and habitat endangerment, as well as indicators that reflect the interest of the tourism industry for the development of tourism in this particular area.
本文是对塞尔维亚北部(伏伊伏丁那自治省)Mostonga河沿岸盐碱地草原和森林草原特定栖息地进行为期三年(2016-2019)研究的成果之一,旨在未来对其进行价值增值和保护。这里还坐落着一个被称为“中莫斯通加”的自然保护区。保护申报程序的一个组成部分是创建所谓的“保护研究”,作为规划某些自然区域保护指南的基本文件,还包括旅游开发分析。因此,由诺维萨德伏伊伏丁那省自然保护研究所和诺维萨德大学(理学院-地理、旅游和酒店管理系)的代表组成的工作组审查了在“中莫斯通加”地区发展生态旅游的机会。本文的主要目的是通过制定可持续旅游指标方案,立即框架可持续发展目标在未来保护区“中莫通加”及其周边地区一致应用的可能性。该领域的专家团队主要依靠可持续旅游生态指标的BACI设计对160个指标进行了分析。确定了确定有关指标的五个主要步骤。结果表明,可以应用与受保护物种数量、种群内个体(单位)数量和生境濒危有关的指标,以及反映旅游业对该特定地区旅游业发展的兴趣的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding adventure tourists' profile: A case study from Himachal Pradesh (India) 了解冒险游客的概况:以喜马偕尔邦(印度)为例
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/turizam26-27644
J. Chandel
Adventure tourism is one of the rapidly growing segments in the global tourism industry. Growth potential of adventure tourism has been realised in India and tourism organizations are making consistent efforts to tap various opportunities evolving in this segment. Tourism organizations are continuously seeking to get better insights into the profiles of adventure tourists to formulate and execute strategies in an efficient and effective manner. This study aims to provide better insight into the profile of adventure tourists. Primary data for this study have been collected from 235 adventure tour participants and 230 adventure training participants through multi-stage sampling from the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Reported results of different dimensions of adventure tourists' profiles offer better insights for various tourism organizations. Results will help tourism organizations in effective market segmentation, market targeting and positioning related decisions.
探险旅游是全球旅游业中快速增长的部分之一。探险旅游的增长潜力在印度已经实现,旅游组织正在不断努力挖掘这一领域不断发展的各种机会。旅游组织不断寻求更好地了解冒险游客的概况,以制定和执行高效有效的策略。本研究旨在更好地了解冒险游客的概况。本研究的主要数据来自印度喜马偕尔邦的235名探险旅游参与者和230名探险培训参与者,通过多阶段抽样收集。不同维度探险游客档案的报告结果为各种旅游组织提供了更好的见解。研究结果将有助于旅游组织进行有效的市场细分、市场目标定位等相关决策。
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引用次数: 0
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