Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1214
Ana Carolina Valle Da Silva, R. S. Trindade, B. Mariz, M. Ribeiro, D. Netto, Nádia Lacerda DURÃES PARELLA, I. R. D. DE SOUZA, Bianca Machado Campos Trindade, L. J. M. Guimarães, P. E. Guimarães
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological quality in seeds of haploidy inducers of different types and origins. To this end, between December 2015 and March 2016, a series of physiological quality assessments were conducted on nine genotypes inducing haploidy in corn, namely: the gymnogenetic inducers Stock 6, TAIL P1 and TAIL P2; the hybrid between the TAIL P1 x TAIL P2 inductors; the hybrid TAIL P2 x TAIL P1, analogous to the previous hybrid, but with inversion of the female parent at the crossing; and androgenetic inducers W23, 90109 igig, 91202 igig and 91207 igig. The tests carried out were germination, accelerated aging, emergence in a bed, emergence index, fresh and dry mass, length of aerial part and root and the ratio between these characteristics, the humidity and the weight of 100 seeds. The results indicated that the physiological quality was improved throughout the selection for greater haploid induction. The haploidy induction system (andorgenetic or gymnogenetic) does not interfere with physiological quality, however the results obtained reinforce the need for care in the multiplication and conservation of haploidy inducing seeds in tropical conditions for their use in breeding.
本工作的目的是评估不同类型和来源的单倍体诱导物种子的生理质量。为此，在2015年12月至2016年3月期间，对9种诱导玉米单倍体的基因型进行了一系列生理质量评估，即：裸子遗传诱导剂Stock 6、TAIL P1和TAIL P2；TAIL P1 x TAIL P2电感器之间的混合；杂交种TAIL P2 x TAIL P1，类似于之前的杂交种，但在杂交时母本倒置；和雄激素诱导剂W23、90109 igig、91202 igig和91207 igig。进行的试验包括发芽、加速老化、在床上出苗、出苗指数、新鲜和干燥质量、地上部分和根的长度以及这些特征之间的比例、湿度和100粒种子的重量。结果表明，在进行更大的单倍体诱导的整个选择过程中，生理质量得到了改善。单倍体诱导系统（遗传或裸子遗传）不会干扰生理质量，但所获得的结果加强了在热带条件下繁殖和保存单倍体诱导种子以用于育种的必要性。
{"title":"PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY IN SEEDS FROM HAPLOID INDUCERS IN MAIZE","authors":"Ana Carolina Valle Da Silva, R. S. Trindade, B. Mariz, M. Ribeiro, D. Netto, Nádia Lacerda DURÃES PARELLA, I. R. D. DE SOUZA, Bianca Machado Campos Trindade, L. J. M. Guimarães, P. E. Guimarães","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1214","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological quality in seeds of haploidy inducers of different types and origins. To this end, between December 2015 and March 2016, a series of physiological quality assessments were conducted on nine genotypes inducing haploidy in corn, namely: the gymnogenetic inducers Stock 6, TAIL P1 and TAIL P2; the hybrid between the TAIL P1 x TAIL P2 inductors; the hybrid TAIL P2 x TAIL P1, analogous to the previous hybrid, but with inversion of the female parent at the crossing; and androgenetic inducers W23, 90109 igig, 91202 igig and 91207 igig. The tests carried out were germination, accelerated aging, emergence in a bed, emergence index, fresh and dry mass, length of aerial part and root and the ratio between these characteristics, the humidity and the weight of 100 seeds. The results indicated that the physiological quality was improved throughout the selection for greater haploid induction. The haploidy induction system (andorgenetic or gymnogenetic) does not interfere with physiological quality, however the results obtained reinforce the need for care in the multiplication and conservation of haploidy inducing seeds in tropical conditions for their use in breeding.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43093642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1218
Luciano José Lourençoni, R. S. Trindade, Luana Cristina Alves Ribeiro, N. N. L. D. Parrella, P. E. Guimarães, L. J. M. Guimarães, Bianca Machado Campos Trindade, M. Ribeiro
– The objective of this work was to use the partial diallel methodology to compare double-haploid lines (DHs) of maize with lines obtained by traditional methods. To obtain hybrids, five double-haploid lines, used as female parents, were crossed with four testers, as male parents. Twenty hybrids were obtained from double-haploid lines, being: 8 experimental, and 8 commercial from Embrapa and 4 from other companies. Were evaluated; final stand (ST), tipping and breaking (LODG), plant height (PH), ear insertion height (EH), grain moisture at harvest (GM) and total grain weight (YIELD). Analysis of variance was performed, unfolding the degrees of freedom of the genotype, Tukey test at 5% probability, and the decomposition of the sums of squares of the treatments into general and specific combining ability for testers and DH lines. PH and EH were higher in hybrids derived from DHs lines, while productivity and final stand were higher in experimental controls. However, some hybrids, such as the hybrid DH1800007 presented higher YIELD than commercial and experimental controls. The data obtained demonstrate that hybrids derived from double-haploid lines, in addition to accelerating the time to obtain new cultivars, enable the development of hybrids with superior agronomic performance.
{"title":"AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS DERIVED FROM DOUBLED HAPLOID LINES COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL HYBRIDS","authors":"Luciano José Lourençoni, R. S. Trindade, Luana Cristina Alves Ribeiro, N. N. L. D. Parrella, P. E. Guimarães, L. J. M. Guimarães, Bianca Machado Campos Trindade, M. Ribeiro","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1218","url":null,"abstract":"– The objective of this work was to use the partial diallel methodology to compare double-haploid lines (DHs) of maize with lines obtained by traditional methods. To obtain hybrids, five double-haploid lines, used as female parents, were crossed with four testers, as male parents. Twenty hybrids were obtained from double-haploid lines, being: 8 experimental, and 8 commercial from Embrapa and 4 from other companies. Were evaluated; final stand (ST), tipping and breaking (LODG), plant height (PH), ear insertion height (EH), grain moisture at harvest (GM) and total grain weight (YIELD). Analysis of variance was performed, unfolding the degrees of freedom of the genotype, Tukey test at 5% probability, and the decomposition of the sums of squares of the treatments into general and specific combining ability for testers and DH lines. PH and EH were higher in hybrids derived from DHs lines, while productivity and final stand were higher in experimental controls. However, some hybrids, such as the hybrid DH1800007 presented higher YIELD than commercial and experimental controls. The data obtained demonstrate that hybrids derived from double-haploid lines, in addition to accelerating the time to obtain new cultivars, enable the development of hybrids with superior agronomic performance.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42578119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1219
C. L. T. Andrade, M. L. A. D. Melo, Jennifer Alves Camilo, T. A. Amaral, I. R. P. Souza, R. Simeão
{"title":"SOWING PERIOD AND ESTIMATED MAIZE PRODUCTION FOR SILAGE UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS","authors":"C. L. T. Andrade, M. L. A. D. Melo, Jennifer Alves Camilo, T. A. Amaral, I. R. P. Souza, R. Simeão","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48767208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1225
J. Deienno, S. S. Souza, A. P. Coelho, L. B. Lemos
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1225 MAIZE INTERCROPPING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AIMING GRAIN YIELD AND IMPLEMENT A NO-TILL SYSTEM Abstract – Intercropping grain crops with cover crops is a sustainable cultivation strategy that is useful for ensuring straw production for the no-tillage system (NTS) implementation and supply of nutrients, especially N, for successive crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems (CSs), when grown alone or intercropped with sunn hemp and ruzigrass, in combination with N fertilization in topdressing, on the maize agronomic performance and straw accumulation with NTS implementation. The experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 season with a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots comprised maize alone, intercropped with sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis), or intercropped with ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis). The subplots were under four N rates: 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha-1. The intercropping systems promoted greater N accumulation and straw production and did not reduce grain yield (GY). The addition of N fertilizers increased leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and GY. Intercropping reduced maize LNC; however, higher N fertilizer application in topdressing mitigated this effect. The intercropping of maize with cover crops is a viable and sustainable alternative for agriculture, as maize GY is not affected, and there is a greater straw production and N accumulation. Therefore, NTS implementation will help in increasing N supply in successive crops.
DOI：https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1225玉米间作和氮肥以粮食产量和实施免耕系统为目标摘要-粮食作物与覆盖作物间作是一种可持续的种植策略，有助于确保免耕系统（NTS）的秸秆生产和连续作物的养分供应，尤其是氮。本研究的目的是评估玉米（Zea mays L.）种植制度（CS），当单独种植或与sunn大麻和ruzigrass间作时，结合追肥中的氮肥，对玉米农艺性能和秸秆积累的影响。该实验在2017/2018赛季进行，采用四次重复的分裂地块方案，采用随机区组设计。这些地块包括单独种植玉米、与向日葵（Crotalaria spectabilis）间作或与ruzigrass（Urochloa ruziziensis）间作。亚地块在4种N率下：0、70、140和210 kg ha-1。间作系统促进了更多的氮积累和秸秆生产，但没有降低粮食产量（GY）。氮肥的添加增加了玉米叶片氮含量（LNC）和GY。间作降低了玉米的LNC；然而，在追肥中施用更高的氮肥减轻了这种影响。玉米与覆盖作物间作是一种可行和可持续的农业替代方案，因为玉米GY不受影响，秸秆产量和氮积累量更大。因此，NTS的实施将有助于增加连续作物的氮供应。
{"title":"MAIZE INTERCROPPING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AIMING GRAIN YIELD AND IMPLEMENT A NO-TILL SYSTEM","authors":"J. Deienno, S. S. Souza, A. P. Coelho, L. B. Lemos","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1225","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1225 MAIZE INTERCROPPING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AIMING GRAIN YIELD AND IMPLEMENT A NO-TILL SYSTEM Abstract – Intercropping grain crops with cover crops is a sustainable cultivation strategy that is useful for ensuring straw production for the no-tillage system (NTS) implementation and supply of nutrients, especially N, for successive crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems (CSs), when grown alone or intercropped with sunn hemp and ruzigrass, in combination with N fertilization in topdressing, on the maize agronomic performance and straw accumulation with NTS implementation. The experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 season with a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots comprised maize alone, intercropped with sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis), or intercropped with ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis). The subplots were under four N rates: 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha-1. The intercropping systems promoted greater N accumulation and straw production and did not reduce grain yield (GY). The addition of N fertilizers increased leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and GY. Intercropping reduced maize LNC; however, higher N fertilizer application in topdressing mitigated this effect. The intercropping of maize with cover crops is a viable and sustainable alternative for agriculture, as maize GY is not affected, and there is a greater straw production and N accumulation. Therefore, NTS implementation will help in increasing N supply in successive crops.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45036287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1215
Ana Paula LIMA DE PAIVA, P. Magalhães, L. P. de Carvalho, Hadassa Fortuna Jales, C. C. Gomes Júnior, U. G. de Paula Lana, I. Marriel
One of the major problems in the present scenario is the effect of climate changes and their consequences to the agriculture, mainly due to decreasing water availability. Water restriction is a limiting factor on plants growth, and it can lead to morphophysiological modifications as well as alterations in the plant’s development. Sorghum is a grass widely utilized in agriculture due to its outstanding characteristic of drought resistance, which is higher than the other grasses, therefore being the fifth most sowed grain in the world. The inoculation of growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plants can promote growth and remodel its root system, decreasing the impacts of water restriction. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in mitigating the water restriction effects in the grain sorghum BRS 332 subjected to two different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Our experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under monitored conditions of temperature and moisture. Plants were treated with two distinct irrigation conditions, two A. brasilense inoculants, one treatment without inoculation, and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (high and low nitrogen fertilization). It was evaluated the differences in their ecophysiological and crop production characteristics. The results showed that plants subjected to drought and associated to rhizobacteria invested in shoot parts, which provided this hybrid higher efficiency between water absorption and loss, and consequently higher stomata efficiency during drought when compared to the control treatment. There was also an increment in the production of the grains, particularly flagrant under lower doses of nitrogen, minimizing the effects caused by drought and decreasing the need to utilize fertilizers.
{"title":"AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE INNOCULATION COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND ITS EFFECTS IN THE GRAIN SORGHUM SUBJECTED TO WATER RESTRICTION","authors":"Ana Paula LIMA DE PAIVA, P. Magalhães, L. P. de Carvalho, Hadassa Fortuna Jales, C. C. Gomes Júnior, U. G. de Paula Lana, I. Marriel","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1215","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems in the present scenario is the effect of climate changes and their consequences to the agriculture, mainly due to decreasing water availability. Water restriction is a limiting factor on plants growth, and it can lead to morphophysiological modifications as well as alterations in the plant’s development. Sorghum is a grass widely utilized in agriculture due to its outstanding characteristic of drought resistance, which is higher than the other grasses, therefore being the fifth most sowed grain in the world. The inoculation of growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plants can promote growth and remodel its root system, decreasing the impacts of water restriction. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in mitigating the water restriction effects in the grain sorghum BRS 332 subjected to two different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Our experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under monitored conditions of temperature and moisture. Plants were treated with two distinct irrigation conditions, two A. brasilense inoculants, one treatment without inoculation, and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (high and low nitrogen fertilization). It was evaluated the differences in their ecophysiological and crop production characteristics. The results showed that plants subjected to drought and associated to rhizobacteria invested in shoot parts, which provided this hybrid higher efficiency between water absorption and loss, and consequently higher stomata efficiency during drought when compared to the control treatment. There was also an increment in the production of the grains, particularly flagrant under lower doses of nitrogen, minimizing the effects caused by drought and decreasing the need to utilize fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1205
Mariucélio SANTOS LIMA, Luiz Augusto INOJOSA FERREIRA, D. F. Biffe, Leonardo RIBEIRO FERNANDES, Rubem SILVÉRIO DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR
The small number of herbicides registered for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) restricts its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied alone or in tank mixtures to sweet sorghum in post-emergence. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, the first with herbicides applied alone and the second with herbicide mixtures. Based on the results of greenhouse experiments, treatments were selected to evaluate selectivity in the field. In the field experiment, the herbicides applied alone and herbicide mixtures did not differentiate from the control without herbicide application regarding to phytotoxicity, fresh mass of the aerial part, percentage of dry mass of the aerial part and Brix of sweet sorghum at 28 days after application. The treatments considered selective were: atrazine (1000 to 2000), bentazon (360 to 720), S-metolachlor (576 to 864), mesotrione (48 to 150), carfentrazone (4 to 8), 2,4-D amine (335 to 670), besides mixtures with [atrazine + S-metolachlor] [601 + 471.2] and [901.5+ 706.8], atrazine + 2,4-D amine (1000 to 2000 + 100.5 to 268), atrazine + tembotrione (1000 + 42 to 63) and atrazine + mesotrione (1000 + 48 to 72) (doses in g a.i. ha-1).
{"title":"SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED ALONE AND IN TANK MIXTURES TO SWEET SORGHUM IN POST-EMERGENCE","authors":"Mariucélio SANTOS LIMA, Luiz Augusto INOJOSA FERREIRA, D. F. Biffe, Leonardo RIBEIRO FERNANDES, Rubem SILVÉRIO DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1205","url":null,"abstract":"The small number of herbicides registered for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) restricts its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied alone or in tank mixtures to sweet sorghum in post-emergence. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, the first with herbicides applied alone and the second with herbicide mixtures. Based on the results of greenhouse experiments, treatments were selected to evaluate selectivity in the field. In the field experiment, the herbicides applied alone and herbicide mixtures did not differentiate from the control without herbicide application regarding to phytotoxicity, fresh mass of the aerial part, percentage of dry mass of the aerial part and Brix of sweet sorghum at 28 days after application. The treatments considered selective were: atrazine (1000 to 2000), bentazon (360 to 720), S-metolachlor (576 to 864), mesotrione (48 to 150), carfentrazone (4 to 8), 2,4-D amine (335 to 670), besides mixtures with [atrazine + S-metolachlor] [601 + 471.2] and [901.5+ 706.8], atrazine + 2,4-D amine (1000 to 2000 + 100.5 to 268), atrazine + tembotrione (1000 + 42 to 63) and atrazine + mesotrione (1000 + 48 to 72) (doses in g a.i. ha-1).","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45017838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1213
Aline Guimarães Cruvinel, G.B.P. Braz, G. Simon, A. Silva, Leandro C. Ribeiro, Tulio Porto Gonçalo
Sourgrass has a high competitive potential, resulting in yield losses of several crops. With the increase of grain sorghum cultivation in the Cerrado, mainly in the second crop, studies are needed to assess the interference of sourgrass on this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference of increasing densities of sourgrass on the sorghum crop under Cerrado conditions. The field experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications. Five treatments, composed of densities of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 sourgrass plants per m-2, were evaluated. To simulate the densities of sourgrass, this species was planted in the predecessor crop (soybean) according to the predicted density in each experimental unit, and later, at the time of sowing the sorghum, the sourgrass plants, which were clogged, were cut, in order to simulate the condition provided by mechanized harvesting. During the evaluation of the effect of the treatments on the sorghum crop, the stand and plant height, stalk diameter, panicle length, mass of 100 grains, and yield were measured. The increase in sourgrass density, in coexistence with sorghum, negatively affects all vegetative and reproductive parameters evaluated in the crop. For each sourgrass plant m-2, in coexistence with sorghum, there was a reduction in yield equivalent to 445 kg ha-1. The maximum reduction in sorghum yield observed was 87%, in a condition in which the crop was developed in coexistence at the density of 8 sourgrass plants m-2.
酸草具有很高的竞争潜力，导致几种作物的产量损失。随着塞拉多地区谷物高粱种植的增加，主要是在第二季，需要研究酸草对该作物的干扰。本研究的目的是评价在塞拉多条件下酸草密度增加对高粱作物的干扰。田间试验采用随机区组设计，共4个重复。以每m-2 0、2、4、6、8株酸草为处理密度，对5个处理进行了评价。为了模拟酸草的密度，在每个试验单元中，按照预测的密度将酸草种植在前代作物(大豆)中，然后在播种高粱时，将被堵塞的酸草植株砍掉，以模拟机械化收获所提供的条件。在评价各处理对高粱作物的影响时，测定了其林分和株高、茎粗、穗长、百粒质量和产量。酸草密度的增加，与高粱共存，对作物的所有营养和生殖参数产生负面影响。与高粱共存的每株酸草m-2减产相当于445 kg ha-1。在8株m-2的酸草密度条件下，高粱产量最大降幅为87%。
{"title":"INTERFERENCE OF INCREASING DENSITIES OF SOURGRASS IN GRAIN SORGHUM","authors":"Aline Guimarães Cruvinel, G.B.P. Braz, G. Simon, A. Silva, Leandro C. Ribeiro, Tulio Porto Gonçalo","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1213","url":null,"abstract":"Sourgrass has a high competitive potential, resulting in yield losses of several crops. With the increase of grain sorghum cultivation in the Cerrado, mainly in the second crop, studies are needed to assess the interference of sourgrass on this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference of increasing densities of sourgrass on the sorghum crop under Cerrado conditions. The field experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications. Five treatments, composed of densities of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 sourgrass plants per m-2, were evaluated. To simulate the densities of sourgrass, this species was planted in the predecessor crop (soybean) according to the predicted density in each experimental unit, and later, at the time of sowing the sorghum, the sourgrass plants, which were clogged, were cut, in order to simulate the condition provided by mechanized harvesting. During the evaluation of the effect of the treatments on the sorghum crop, the stand and plant height, stalk diameter, panicle length, mass of 100 grains, and yield were measured. The increase in sourgrass density, in coexistence with sorghum, negatively affects all vegetative and reproductive parameters evaluated in the crop. For each sourgrass plant m-2, in coexistence with sorghum, there was a reduction in yield equivalent to 445 kg ha-1. The maximum reduction in sorghum yield observed was 87%, in a condition in which the crop was developed in coexistence at the density of 8 sourgrass plants m-2.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1212
M. P. MINGOTE JULIO, P. Magalhães, Athos Rodrigues Soares Viana, Bruno Henrique MINGOTE JULIO, C. V. Santos, N. N. L. D. Parrella, Cícero Beserra de Menezes
Forage sorghum presents tall plants, what makes mechanicalseed harvesting a difficult task. Plant hormones can reduce plant height andfacilitate the harvesting. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluatethe effect of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant height and seedyield in forage sorghum. This research was carried out at Embrapa Maizeand Sorghum, in two seasons (2017 and 2018), in a randomized completeblock design, four replications and three varieties (BRS Ponta Negra, 1141574and 0947216) under application of Trinexapac-ethyl in two stages of the plantgrowth (V8, V12, V8 + V12). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height,seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds. The effect of the hormone was significantin both stages of growth, with a significant reduction in plant height. Thehormone applied twice at growth stages V8 + V12 had a greater effect inreducing plant height. However, the hormone reduced seed yield in the threevarieties, what implies the need for further studies comparing the advantageof plant height reduction and the loss in seed yield.
{"title":"TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL REDUCES PLANT HEIGHT AND SEED YIELD IN FORAGE SORGHUM","authors":"M. P. MINGOTE JULIO, P. Magalhães, Athos Rodrigues Soares Viana, Bruno Henrique MINGOTE JULIO, C. V. Santos, N. N. L. D. Parrella, Cícero Beserra de Menezes","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1212","url":null,"abstract":"Forage sorghum presents tall plants, what makes mechanicalseed harvesting a difficult task. Plant hormones can reduce plant height andfacilitate the harvesting. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluatethe effect of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant height and seedyield in forage sorghum. This research was carried out at Embrapa Maizeand Sorghum, in two seasons (2017 and 2018), in a randomized completeblock design, four replications and three varieties (BRS Ponta Negra, 1141574and 0947216) under application of Trinexapac-ethyl in two stages of the plantgrowth (V8, V12, V8 + V12). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height,seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds. The effect of the hormone was significantin both stages of growth, with a significant reduction in plant height. Thehormone applied twice at growth stages V8 + V12 had a greater effect inreducing plant height. However, the hormone reduced seed yield in the threevarieties, what implies the need for further studies comparing the advantageof plant height reduction and the loss in seed yield.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44424638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021v20e1174
Thays Gabriella Lima Silva, R. Valicheski, F. L. Claudio, E. M. Alves, Mateus DE Sousa Peres, P. A. P. Salviano
In the western region of the State of Goias family farmers that depend onthe raising of livestock as one of their main sources of income are predominant. These farmers periodically grow maize for the production of silage in order to compensate their incomes. Considering the high cost of hybrid seeds and nitrogen fertilization, technologies that contribute to the reduction of silage production costs are required. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of maize genetic materials (Feroz Hybrid VIP3 and varieties SCS 156 and SCS 154), regarding silage production, bromatological composition and economic viability when inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out on strips using a completely randomized design with four replications. Each cultivar responded differently to inoculation. For the Feroz hybrid and SCS 156 variety, the use of Azospirillum provided increases of 13.1% and 42.1% in green stem mass and 11.2 and 30.3% in silage nitrogen content, influencing the nutritional composition of the bulky food produced. For the SCS 154 variety, there was no response to inoculation. As for the economic viability, the use of inoculated SCS 156 variety presents a better rate of rentability, proving to be more economically attractive and viable to farmers.
{"title":"SILAGE PRODUCTION, BROMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF INOCULATION OF VARIETAL MAIZES WITH","authors":"Thays Gabriella Lima Silva, R. Valicheski, F. L. Claudio, E. M. Alves, Mateus DE Sousa Peres, P. A. P. Salviano","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021v20e1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021v20e1174","url":null,"abstract":"In the western region of the State of Goias family farmers that depend onthe raising of livestock as one of their main sources of income are predominant. These farmers periodically grow maize for the production of silage in order to compensate their incomes. Considering the high cost of hybrid seeds and nitrogen fertilization, technologies that contribute to the reduction of silage production costs are required. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of maize genetic materials (Feroz Hybrid VIP3 and varieties SCS 156 and SCS 154), regarding silage production, bromatological composition and economic viability when inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out on strips using a completely randomized design with four replications. Each cultivar responded differently to inoculation. For the Feroz hybrid and SCS 156 variety, the use of Azospirillum provided increases of 13.1% and 42.1% in green stem mass and 11.2 and 30.3% in silage nitrogen content, influencing the nutritional composition of the bulky food produced. For the SCS 154 variety, there was no response to inoculation. As for the economic viability, the use of inoculated SCS 156 variety presents a better rate of rentability, proving to be more economically attractive and viable to farmers.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.18512/RBMS2021V20E1201
Ê. G. Souza, Denisson Lima do Nascimento, Raquel Paz da Silva, T. P. Silva, Dalbert de F. Pereira, Juliana Souza Barros, E. A. Cruz, M. Silva
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degrees of macronutrients in the diagnostic leaf and the productivity of forage sorghum IPA 467, submitted to fertigation with nitrogen doses, during two harvests (summer and winter), both without regrowth. From January 20 to May 18 and from June 17 and October 14, 2016, two experiments were conducted in Caninde de Sao Francisco, State of Sergipe, in the Brazilian semi-arid. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (0; 80; 160 and 240 kg ha-1). Joint analysis of variance was carried out, considering each different harvest as a new factor. The characteristics evaluated were the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaves, height of the plant, diameter of the stem,green mass productivity, dry mass productivity and percentage of dry mass. The macronutrient content in the leaves was incremented with increasing doses of N, except Ca which presented no influence. The winter crop promoted the highest content of K, while the summer crop presented an elevated absorption of Mg. The varying dosage of N or the harvests season did not influence dry mass productivity (average of 17,386 ton/ha-1). The content of N (23.16-26.68 g kg-1), P (3.16-4.11 g kg-1), K (10.98-33.36 g kg-1), Ca (3.61 g kg-1) and Mg (4.78-9.64 g kg-1) can be considered enough for the full development of the plant.
本研究的目的是评估在两次收获（夏季和冬季）期间，诊断叶中的大量营养素含量和饲料高粱IPA 467的生产力，这两次收获都没有再生。2016年1月20日至5月18日以及6月17日至10月14日，在巴西半干旱的塞尔吉佩州Caninde de Sao Francisco进行了两项实验。实验设计是随机的完整区块，有四个重复。治疗包括四个剂量的N（0；80；160和240 kg ha-1）。进行了联合方差分析，将每种不同的收获视为一个新的因素。评估的特征是叶片中氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）的含量、植株高度、茎直径、绿色物质生产力、干物质生产力和干物质百分比。叶片中的大量营养素含量随着N剂量的增加而增加，但Ca没有影响。冬季作物促进了最高的K含量，而夏季作物提高了对Mg的吸收。不同的N用量或收获季节不影响干物质生产力（平均17386吨/ha-1）。氮（23.16-26.68 g kg-1）、磷（3.16-4.11 g kg-1。
{"title":"LEAF DIAGNOSIS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FORAGE SORGHUM FERTIGATED WITH NITROGEN DOSES IN TWO HARVESTS","authors":"Ê. G. Souza, Denisson Lima do Nascimento, Raquel Paz da Silva, T. P. Silva, Dalbert de F. Pereira, Juliana Souza Barros, E. A. Cruz, M. Silva","doi":"10.18512/RBMS2021V20E1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/RBMS2021V20E1201","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degrees of macronutrients in the diagnostic leaf and the productivity of forage sorghum IPA 467, submitted to fertigation with nitrogen doses, during two harvests (summer and winter), both without regrowth. From January 20 to May 18 and from June 17 and October 14, 2016, two experiments were conducted in Caninde de Sao Francisco, State of Sergipe, in the Brazilian semi-arid. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (0; 80; 160 and 240 kg ha-1). Joint analysis of variance was carried out, considering each different harvest as a new factor. The characteristics evaluated were the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaves, height of the plant, diameter of the stem,green mass productivity, dry mass productivity and percentage of dry mass. The macronutrient content in the leaves was incremented with increasing doses of N, except Ca which presented no influence. The winter crop promoted the highest content of K, while the summer crop presented an elevated absorption of Mg. The varying dosage of N or the harvests season did not influence dry mass productivity (average of 17,386 ton/ha-1). The content of N (23.16-26.68 g kg-1), P (3.16-4.11 g kg-1), K (10.98-33.36 g kg-1), Ca (3.61 g kg-1) and Mg (4.78-9.64 g kg-1) can be considered enough for the full development of the plant.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46799476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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