Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1257
A. C. Lorena, Alexandre Hild Aono, Ricardo José GONZAGA PIMENTA, Felipe ROBERTO FRANCISCO, Anete Pereira de Souza
O aprendizado de máquinas (ML) foi um dos principais impulsionadores da análise de dados nas últimas décadas, permitindo a mineração de grandes bancos de dados. Como técnicas de ML permitem a criação de modelos, e reconhecimento, considerando uma premissa de que o computador pode adquirir para realizar a criação sem ser explicitamente programados para tal finalidade. Impulsionados pela eficiência, diversos estudos demonstrados para sua ampla gama de aplicações o melhoramento de milho. Desde a predição de valores genéticos por dados ômicos aplicações de dados de tipagem de alto, os modelos de ML o avanço no desenvolvimento das espécies e auxiliares de desenvolvimento das espécies e auxiliares de ferramentas mais eficientes para seu melhoramento, gerando ganhos de produtividade.Neste contexto,
{"title":"MACHINE LEARNING FOR CROP SCIENCE: APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES IN MAIZE BREEDING","authors":"A. C. Lorena, Alexandre Hild Aono, Ricardo José GONZAGA PIMENTA, Felipe ROBERTO FRANCISCO, Anete Pereira de Souza","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1257","url":null,"abstract":"O aprendizado de máquinas (ML) foi um dos principais impulsionadores da análise de dados nas últimas décadas, permitindo a mineração de grandes bancos de dados. Como técnicas de ML permitem a criação de modelos, e reconhecimento, considerando uma premissa de que o computador pode adquirir para realizar a criação sem ser explicitamente programados para tal finalidade. Impulsionados pela eficiência, diversos estudos demonstrados para sua ampla gama de aplicações o melhoramento de milho. Desde a predição de valores genéticos por dados ômicos aplicações de dados de tipagem de alto, os modelos de ML o avanço no desenvolvimento das espécies e auxiliares de desenvolvimento das espécies e auxiliares de ferramentas mais eficientes para seu melhoramento, gerando ganhos de produtividade.Neste contexto,","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49090277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1250
P. Viana, P. E. Guimarães, S. M. Mendes
The development of resistant cultivars is one of the strategies applied in pest control. The method has the advantages of reduced cost and the lack of unwanted effects on the environment. Over the past decades, significant effort has been made toward developing the natural maize resistance to pests by evaluating germplasm and cultivar selection. This review highlights a maize breeding program, potential, advances, and challenges in addressing these characteristics. Also, it describes the main components and procedures applied in the mass rearing of insect pests of maize, artificial diets, techniques of artificial infestation employed in genotype selection, and methods to evaluate the mechanisms and causes of resistance. Studies on the inheritance of resistance, the breeding methods, and the potential for integrating classical and transgenic resistance are also emphasized.
{"title":"MAIZE CULTIVARS WITH NATIVE INSECT RESISTANCE – POTENTIAL, ADVANCES, AND CHALLENGES","authors":"P. Viana, P. E. Guimarães, S. M. Mendes","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1250","url":null,"abstract":"The development of resistant cultivars is one of the strategies applied in pest control. The method has the advantages of reduced cost and the lack of unwanted effects on the environment. Over the past decades, significant effort has been made toward developing the natural maize resistance to pests by evaluating germplasm and cultivar selection. This review highlights a maize breeding program, potential, advances, and challenges in addressing these characteristics. Also, it describes the main components and procedures applied in the mass rearing of insect pests of maize, artificial diets, techniques of artificial infestation employed in genotype selection, and methods to evaluate the mechanisms and causes of resistance. Studies on the inheritance of resistance, the breeding methods, and the potential for integrating classical and transgenic resistance are also emphasized.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45434797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1259
Maria José VILAÇA DE VASCONCELOS, José Edson FONTES FIGUEIREDO, M. F. DE OLIVEIRA, R. Schaffert, Kachandra G. Raghothama
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. However, phosphorus availability is low in many soils, and the plant's ability to acquire phosphorus from the rhizosphere is critical in the acid soils of the Brazilian Cerrado. In addition, high levels of fixed phosphate (Pi) in many soils reduce phosphorus availability to plants. Thus, Pi deficiency is a significant concern for crop growth and high yields in tropical soils. The intra- and interspecific variations in plant growth under Pi-limiting conditions are complex traits controlled by many induced or suppressed genes, comprising an intricate epistatic regulatory network interacting within cells and the external environment. The microRNA genes (miRNAs), a class of regulators that induce, degrade or repress mRNA transcription and translation, are another critical aspect of this network. As a result, changes in morphology (growth and root architecture) and physiological (enzymes, organic acids, and anthocyanin) can be observed in plants under Pi stress. Furthermore, symbiotic associations with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi increase phosphorus availability to plants. Therefore, understanding mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency is critical for developing cultivars adapted to low phosphorus levels in the Brazilian acid soils. This review addresses P acquisition and use by plants and discusses its implications in genetic breeding programs.
{"title":"PLANT PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY IN ACID TROPICAL SOIL","authors":"Maria José VILAÇA DE VASCONCELOS, José Edson FONTES FIGUEIREDO, M. F. DE OLIVEIRA, R. Schaffert, Kachandra G. Raghothama","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1259","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. However, phosphorus availability is low in many soils, and the plant's ability to acquire phosphorus from the rhizosphere is critical in the acid soils of the Brazilian Cerrado. In addition, high levels of fixed phosphate (Pi) in many soils reduce phosphorus availability to plants. Thus, Pi deficiency is a significant concern for crop growth and high yields in tropical soils. The intra- and interspecific variations in plant growth under Pi-limiting conditions are complex traits controlled by many induced or suppressed genes, comprising an intricate epistatic regulatory network interacting within cells and the external environment. The microRNA genes (miRNAs), a class of regulators that induce, degrade or repress mRNA transcription and translation, are another critical aspect of this network. As a result, changes in morphology (growth and root architecture) and physiological (enzymes, organic acids, and anthocyanin) can be observed in plants under Pi stress. Furthermore, symbiotic associations with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi increase phosphorus availability to plants. Therefore, understanding mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency is critical for developing cultivars adapted to low phosphorus levels in the Brazilian acid soils. This review addresses P acquisition and use by plants and discusses its implications in genetic breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1258
Renzo Garcia Pinho, Eric Vinicius VIEIRA SILVA, Thiago Lucas de Oliveira
Tropical maize production represents 49% of the global maize harvested area. In terms of productivity, the annual increase rate in tropical regions is twice as higher as the increase rate in temperate regions. The increase in maize grain yield was expressive in the last 41 years in Brazil. Such achievement was possible due to the joint efforts of many areas of science, especially, plant breeding. Although maize breeding success, many are the challenges faced by the maize breeders to develop high-yielding maize hybrids. Tropical conditions provide more intense challenges in terms of pests and diseases pressures, and above all, water deficit conditions. In addition, the constant increase of breeding programs costs requires the development and application of new techniques to improve the genetic gain per time unit, increasing the maize breeding programs’ efficiency. This review discusses the main challenges faced by maize breeding programs under tropical conditions, highlighting topics related to the development of maize hybrids for first and second growing seasons; breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses conditions; specialty maize breeding; use of transgenic in maize; and genomic tools to maximize the efficiency of maize breeding programs under tropical conditions.
{"title":"CHALLENGES OF MAIZE BREEDING UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS OF BRAZIL","authors":"Renzo Garcia Pinho, Eric Vinicius VIEIRA SILVA, Thiago Lucas de Oliveira","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1258","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical maize production represents 49% of the global maize harvested area. In terms of productivity, the annual increase rate in tropical regions is twice as higher as the increase rate in temperate regions. The increase in maize grain yield was expressive in the last 41 years in Brazil. Such achievement was possible due to the joint efforts of many areas of science, especially, plant breeding. Although maize breeding success, many are the challenges faced by the maize breeders to develop high-yielding maize hybrids. Tropical conditions provide more intense challenges in terms of pests and diseases pressures, and above all, water deficit conditions. In addition, the constant increase of breeding programs costs requires the development and application of new techniques to improve the genetic gain per time unit, increasing the maize breeding programs’ efficiency. This review discusses the main challenges faced by maize breeding programs under tropical conditions, highlighting topics related to the development of maize hybrids for first and second growing seasons; breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses conditions; specialty maize breeding; use of transgenic in maize; and genomic tools to maximize the efficiency of maize breeding programs under tropical conditions. ","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49347465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1247
Débora David Pansini, Rosiane Cosme Nascimento, V. Queiroz, J. E. F. Figueiredo, Érika Madeira MOREIRA DA SILVA, É. A. Moraes
O sorgo é um cereal em destaque devido aos seus compostos fenólicos bioativos com efeitos protetores da saúde dos consumidores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características tecnológicas, sensoriais e compostos de biscoitos elaborados com farinhas de sorgo em diferentes proporções e o efeito do armazenamento dos biscoitos no teor de compostos fenólicos e na capacidade antioxidante. Os biscoitos foram preparados com farinha integral do genótipo de sorgo BRS 506 e amido de milho nas proporções de 50 (50 SF), 75 (75 SF) e 100 (100 SF) g de sorgo / 100g de farinha total. Medidas de biscoitos, análise sensorial e composição química foram determinadas. Os compostos fenólicos foram compensados durante 45 dias de armazenamento.A farinha de sorgo aumentou o fator de expansão dos biscoitos, especialmente para 75SF e 100 SF. Com exceção da textura e da intenção de compra, os biscoitos de sorgo têm índice de aceitação superior a 70%. A farinha de sorgo melhorou como propriedades nutricionais e dados maiores fenólicos totais, taninos, antocianinas e capacidade antioxidante em relação ao controle. Eles mantiveram o conteúdo fenólico total e aumentaram a capacidade antioxidante por 45 dias, principalmente devido a 50 g ou 75 g de farinha de sorgo. Esses resultados indicam que a farinha de sorgo integral é uma opção para a indústria de alimentos em busca de experimentar novos produtos com benefícios à saúde.
{"title":"WHOLE SORGHUM FLOUR PROCESSED AS COOKIES MAINTAINED BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AT STORAGE","authors":"Débora David Pansini, Rosiane Cosme Nascimento, V. Queiroz, J. E. F. Figueiredo, Érika Madeira MOREIRA DA SILVA, É. A. Moraes","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1247","url":null,"abstract":"O sorgo é um cereal em destaque devido aos seus compostos fenólicos bioativos com efeitos protetores da saúde dos consumidores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características tecnológicas, sensoriais e compostos de biscoitos elaborados com farinhas de sorgo em diferentes proporções e o efeito do armazenamento dos biscoitos no teor de compostos fenólicos e na capacidade antioxidante. Os biscoitos foram preparados com farinha integral do genótipo de sorgo BRS 506 e amido de milho nas proporções de 50 (50 SF), 75 (75 SF) e 100 (100 SF) g de sorgo / 100g de farinha total. Medidas de biscoitos, análise sensorial e composição química foram determinadas. Os compostos fenólicos foram compensados durante 45 dias de armazenamento.A farinha de sorgo aumentou o fator de expansão dos biscoitos, especialmente para 75SF e 100 SF. Com exceção da textura e da intenção de compra, os biscoitos de sorgo têm índice de aceitação superior a 70%. A farinha de sorgo melhorou como propriedades nutricionais e dados maiores fenólicos totais, taninos, antocianinas e capacidade antioxidante em relação ao controle. Eles mantiveram o conteúdo fenólico total e aumentaram a capacidade antioxidante por 45 dias, principalmente devido a 50 g ou 75 g de farinha de sorgo. Esses resultados indicam que a farinha de sorgo integral é uma opção para a indústria de alimentos em busca de experimentar novos produtos com benefícios à saúde.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1236
M. Paterniani, Sylmar Denucci
– Maize is one of the cereal crops most produced globally. It constitutes one species of most economic interest and provides multiple products with applications in diverse sectors, from animal feed to industrial products and even human food. More and more companies that represent this segment release genetically modified maize hybrids to ensure return on investment, decreasing the supply of conventional (non-transgenic) cultivars available on the market. Seed is one of the main components of the cost of maize production. Thus, farmers that obtain lower yields cannot afford to pay the relatively high costs of the high technology hybrid seeds or improve their production system, but it is possible to obtain satisfactory results through lower seed investments. Therefore, intervarietal hybrids may represent an alternative for meeting the needs of small and medium-sized farmers, with fewer resources for investments in inputs and seeds, and for supplying varieties that meet the needs of the small maize grower. This review presents a history of conventional maize breeding in Brazil and describes the main maize cultivars with low-cost seeds developed by public R&D companies, mainly focusing on the Instituto Agronômico (IAC) as an option for small and medium-sized maize growers in Brazil.
{"title":"HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND MARKET OF MAIZE CULTIVARS WITH LOW SEED COST IN BRAZIL","authors":"M. Paterniani, Sylmar Denucci","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1236","url":null,"abstract":"– Maize is one of the cereal crops most produced globally. It constitutes one species of most economic interest and provides multiple products with applications in diverse sectors, from animal feed to industrial products and even human food. More and more companies that represent this segment release genetically modified maize hybrids to ensure return on investment, decreasing the supply of conventional (non-transgenic) cultivars available on the market. Seed is one of the main components of the cost of maize production. Thus, farmers that obtain lower yields cannot afford to pay the relatively high costs of the high technology hybrid seeds or improve their production system, but it is possible to obtain satisfactory results through lower seed investments. Therefore, intervarietal hybrids may represent an alternative for meeting the needs of small and medium-sized farmers, with fewer resources for investments in inputs and seeds, and for supplying varieties that meet the needs of the small maize grower. This review presents a history of conventional maize breeding in Brazil and describes the main maize cultivars with low-cost seeds developed by public R&D companies, mainly focusing on the Instituto Agronômico (IAC) as an option for small and medium-sized maize growers in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1238
I. Schuster, Ricardo Augusto DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES, Edimilson Linares
The objective of this work was to review the history of genetically modified (GM) corn in Brazil, and the results obtained since its introduction, as well as the perspectives for new technologies. GM corn was planted for the first time in Brazil in 2008 and, a few years later, it reached more than 80% of the planted area. Currently, the GM corn area in Brazil is close to 90%. The traits introduced in corn are related to herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, and the benefits for farmers and the environment in these 12 years were enormous. GM events also impacted plant breeding, and breeding methods needed to be adapted to include the introduction of GM events into germplasm. New emerging technologies, such as gene editing and synthetic biology, may have a new impact on corn improvement, creating new traits, many of them non-transgenic. These new technologies have the potential to improve traits associated with plant yield and tolerance to abiotic stresses.
{"title":"GENETICALLY MODIFIED CORN IN BRAZIL: HISTORICAL, RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES","authors":"I. Schuster, Ricardo Augusto DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES, Edimilson Linares","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1238","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to review the history of genetically modified (GM) corn in Brazil, and the results obtained since its introduction, as well as the perspectives for new technologies. GM corn was planted for the first time in Brazil in 2008 and, a few years later, it reached more than 80% of the planted area. Currently, the GM corn area in Brazil is close to 90%. The traits introduced in corn are related to herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, and the benefits for farmers and the environment in these 12 years were enormous. GM events also impacted plant breeding, and breeding methods needed to be adapted to include the introduction of GM events into germplasm. New emerging technologies, such as gene editing and synthetic biology, may have a new impact on corn improvement, creating new traits, many of them non-transgenic. These new technologies have the potential to improve traits associated with plant yield and tolerance to abiotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44094841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1222
Vitor Gustavo Kuhn, Silvio Douglas Ferreira, Alysson Oliveira De Carvalho, E. Fey, Neumárcio Vilanova DA COSTA
Maranta sobolifera (Caetê) has tolerance to chemical management and has spread consistently on the agricultural areas of the western region of Paraná over the years. However, there is little information about its potential to interfere with the main agricultural crops. This study aimed to estimate the economic weed threshold (EWT) of M. sobolifera plants in commercial areas of production of off-season corn. There were losses in grain yield of up to 303.7 kg plant-1 of M. sobolifera. Considering an acceptable loss in grain yield of 614.05 kg ha-1, EWT estimates varied from 2.0 to 41.2 plants m-2 of M. sobolifera. In practice, these data can be used in no-till areas, where complementary control is necessary at the crop post-emergence (V4-V6), after desiccation of the area, to maintain weed density at tolerable levels until the end of the cycle. In addition, factors such as the use of less competitive hybrids, obtaining the maximum productive potential of the crop, increasing the value of the harvested product and the efficiency of chemical management (desiccation) and a reduction in the cost of control contribute to the reduction of the EWT and make the adoption of management practices of M. sobolifera more profitable in off-season corn.
Maranta sobolifera（Caetê）对化学管理具有耐受性，多年来一直在巴拉那西部地区的农业地区传播。然而，关于它可能干扰主要农作物的信息很少。本研究旨在估算反季节玉米商业生产区大豆M.sobolifera植物的经济杂草阈值（EWT）。大豆产量损失高达303.7kg株-1。考虑到614.05 kg ha-1的可接受的粮食产量损失，EWT估计值在2.0至41.2株m-2的大豆中变化。在实践中，这些数据可以用于免耕地区，在该地区干燥后，在作物出苗后（V4-V6）需要补充控制，以将杂草密度保持在可容忍的水平，直到周期结束。此外，诸如使用竞争性较差的杂交种、获得作物的最大生产潜力等因素，增加收获产品的价值和化学管理（干燥）的效率以及降低控制成本有助于降低EWT，并使M.sobolifera的管理实践在反季节玉米中更有利可图。
{"title":"ECONOMIC WEED THRESHOLD OF MARANTA SOBOLIFERA PLANTS IN OFF-SEASON CORN","authors":"Vitor Gustavo Kuhn, Silvio Douglas Ferreira, Alysson Oliveira De Carvalho, E. Fey, Neumárcio Vilanova DA COSTA","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1222","url":null,"abstract":"Maranta sobolifera (Caetê) has tolerance to chemical management and has spread consistently on the agricultural areas of the western region of Paraná over the years. However, there is little information about its potential to interfere with the main agricultural crops. This study aimed to estimate the economic weed threshold (EWT) of M. sobolifera plants in commercial areas of production of off-season corn. There were losses in grain yield of up to 303.7 kg plant-1 of M. sobolifera. Considering an acceptable loss in grain yield of 614.05 kg ha-1, EWT estimates varied from 2.0 to 41.2 plants m-2 of M. sobolifera. In practice, these data can be used in no-till areas, where complementary control is necessary at the crop post-emergence (V4-V6), after desiccation of the area, to maintain weed density at tolerable levels until the end of the cycle. In addition, factors such as the use of less competitive hybrids, obtaining the maximum productive potential of the crop, increasing the value of the harvested product and the efficiency of chemical management (desiccation) and a reduction in the cost of control contribute to the reduction of the EWT and make the adoption of management practices of M. sobolifera more profitable in off-season corn. ","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43252475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1221
Célia Das Eiras Ludovina DGDGE MELO, Francisco Cláudio LOPES DE FREITAS, Antonio DA Piedade DE MELO, Edimar Antonio CAMPOS COSTA, L. D. Pimentel
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter content and morphological parameters of sorghum and brachiaria (signalgrass, specifically palisade grass) grown simultaneously for forage production, along with soil cover formation outside of the primary crop season. The treatments were in a randomized block design consisting of three different sowing arrangements: sorghum + two rows of brachiaria between sorghum rows, sorghum + two rows of brachiaria (one in the row + another between the sorghum rows), and sorghum with brachiaria broadcast; as well as sorghum and brachiaria in monoculture. In the first cycle, the dry matter yield of sorghum was higher, approximately 12.01 t ha-1, in the arrangement of sorghum alone. However, the highest total dry matter yield was obtained in the arrangement of sorghum with broadcast brachiaria, with 11.01 t ha-1 for sorghum and 3.75 t ha-1 for the brachiaria. In the second cycle, soil cover was greatest in the brachiaria monoculture and the arrangement of sorghum with broadcast brachiaria, at 95% and 86%, respectively. Therefore, intending to produce forage sorghum and form adequate soil cover by brachiaria, the sorghum intercropping with brachiaria in broadcast sowing is a promising strategy.
本研究的目的是评估高粱和臂草(信号草，特别是栅栏草)同时生长用于饲料生产的干物质含量和形态参数，以及初级作物季节以外的土壤覆盖形成。各处理采用随机区组设计，包括3种不同的播种安排:高粱+高粱行间两行腕足菌、高粱+两行腕足菌(一行一株+高粱行间一株)和高粱撒播腕足菌;以及单作栽培的高粱和腕鱼。在第一个循环中，单配高粱的干物质产量较高，约为12.01 t hm -1。而播播臂鱼组高粱的总干物质产量最高，高粱为11.01 t ha-1，臂鱼组为3.75 t ha-1。在第二个循环中，单作腕鱼和撒播腕鱼高粱的土壤覆被最大，分别为95%和86%。因此，为了生产饲草型高粱，并利用腕子蒿形成足够的土壤覆盖，在撒播高粱时，将其与腕子蒿间作是一种很有前途的策略。
{"title":"SOWING ARRANGEMENTS OF SORGHUM WITH BRACHIARIA FOR FORAGE PRODUCTION AND SOIL COVER","authors":"Célia Das Eiras Ludovina DGDGE MELO, Francisco Cláudio LOPES DE FREITAS, Antonio DA Piedade DE MELO, Edimar Antonio CAMPOS COSTA, L. D. Pimentel","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1221","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter content and morphological parameters of sorghum and brachiaria (signalgrass, specifically palisade grass) grown simultaneously for forage production, along with soil cover formation outside of the primary crop season. The treatments were in a randomized block design consisting of three different sowing arrangements: sorghum + two rows of brachiaria between sorghum rows, sorghum + two rows of brachiaria (one in the row + another between the sorghum rows), and sorghum with brachiaria broadcast; as well as sorghum and brachiaria in monoculture. In the first cycle, the dry matter yield of sorghum was higher, approximately 12.01 t ha-1, in the arrangement of sorghum alone. However, the highest total dry matter yield was obtained in the arrangement of sorghum with broadcast brachiaria, with 11.01 t ha-1 for sorghum and 3.75 t ha-1 for the brachiaria. In the second cycle, soil cover was greatest in the brachiaria monoculture and the arrangement of sorghum with broadcast brachiaria, at 95% and 86%, respectively. Therefore, intending to produce forage sorghum and form adequate soil cover by brachiaria, the sorghum intercropping with brachiaria in broadcast sowing is a promising strategy.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1220
Rafael André Mergener, L. Sangoi, A. Coelho
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer sources and rates on the morphophysiological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of maize. The experiment was set in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with treatments arranged in split plots. Four nitrogen sources were evaluated in the main plots: conventional urea, protected urea, nitrification inhibitor-treated urea, and urease inhibitor-treated urea. Four nitrogen rates were assessed in the split plots: 0 (control), 140, 280, and 420 kg N ha-1..Nitrogen source did not affect ear height, leaf area index, stem diameter, or number of senescent leaves. Increments in nitrogen rate increased plant height, ear height, stem diameter, and grain nitrogen content but decreased nitrogen use efficiency. Stabilized (nitrification/urease inhibitor-treated) or protected N sources did not influence morphophysiological characteristics or improve nitrogen use efficiency of maize compared with conventional urea.
本试验旨在探讨不同氮肥来源和施氮量对玉米形态生理特性和氮素利用效率的影响。实验于2016/2017和2017/2018生长季节在巴西圣卡塔琳娜州坎波斯诺沃斯进行。试验设计为随机分组，将处理安排在分割区中。在主要样地评价了4种氮源:常规尿素、保护性尿素、硝化抑制剂处理尿素和脲酶抑制剂处理尿素。4种施氮量分别为0(对照)、140、280和420 kg N ha-1。氮源对穗高、叶面积指数、茎粗和衰老叶数无显著影响。施氮量的增加增加了株高、穗高、茎粗和籽粒含氮量，但降低了氮素利用效率。与常规尿素相比，稳定(硝化/脲酶抑制剂处理)或保护氮素源不影响玉米的形态生理特性或提高氮素利用效率。
{"title":"NITROGEN SOURCE DOES NOT CHANGE THE MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE ON A CLAY SOIL","authors":"Rafael André Mergener, L. Sangoi, A. Coelho","doi":"10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2021vol20e1220","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer sources and rates on the morphophysiological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of maize. The experiment was set in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with treatments arranged in split plots. Four nitrogen sources were evaluated in the main plots: conventional urea, protected urea, nitrification inhibitor-treated urea, and urease inhibitor-treated urea. Four nitrogen rates were assessed in the split plots: 0 (control), 140, 280, and 420 kg N ha-1..Nitrogen source did not affect ear height, leaf area index, stem diameter, or number of senescent leaves. Increments in nitrogen rate increased plant height, ear height, stem diameter, and grain nitrogen content but decreased nitrogen use efficiency. Stabilized (nitrification/urease inhibitor-treated) or protected N sources did not influence morphophysiological characteristics or improve nitrogen use efficiency of maize compared with conventional urea.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41726285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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