Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2023v22e1286
C. V. Santos, C. B. Menezes, K. J. Silva, C. H. TUMA E SILVA, Iasmin Marrony Damasceno Reis, Paula Silva Mirante, F. Tardin, Aluísio Borém
This study aimed to estimate the heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and inbreeding depression in grain sorghum hybrids. Twenty-five hybrids were evaluated in two seasons. The evaluated traits were days to flowering (FL), plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), and thousand grains mass (M1000). The contrast tested were F1 hybrids vs. check cultivars, F1 hybrids vs. parental lines, and F1 hybrids vs. F2 hybrids. The hybrids 1167048, 1099044, 1170017, and 1169054 had a five-day less flowering time than their parental lines. The hybrid 1170017 had a high grain yield (6.23 t ha-1) with 43.55% of heterobeltiosis. The diversity between lines was narrow. However, hybrids with higher grain yield, heterosis, and heterobeltiosis showed higher genetic distances from their parental lines. The inbreeding depression between F1 vs. F2 was 30%, indicating that using F1 hybrids seeds is worthwhile.
本研究旨在估计粮食高粱杂交种的杂种优势、异育性和近交抑制。在两个季节中对25个杂交种进行了评估。评价的性状为开花天数（FL）、株高（PH）、产量（GY）和千粒重（M1000）。对比试验是F1杂交种与对照品种、F1杂交种和亲本系以及F1杂交种对F2杂交种。杂交种1167048、1099044、1170017和1169054的开花时间比亲本少5天。杂交种1170017具有较高的产量（6.23 t ha-1）和43.55%的异带病。线条之间的多样性很小。然而，具有较高产量、杂种优势和异带优势的杂交种与亲本的遗传距离较高。F1与F2之间的近交抑制率为30%，表明使用F1杂交种是值得的。
{"title":"HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS","authors":"C. V. Santos, C. B. Menezes, K. J. Silva, C. H. TUMA E SILVA, Iasmin Marrony Damasceno Reis, Paula Silva Mirante, F. Tardin, Aluísio Borém","doi":"10.18512/rbms2023v22e1286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2023v22e1286","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate the heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and inbreeding depression in grain sorghum hybrids. Twenty-five hybrids were evaluated in two seasons. The evaluated traits were days to flowering (FL), plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), and thousand grains mass (M1000). The contrast tested were F1 hybrids vs. check cultivars, F1 hybrids vs. parental lines, and F1 hybrids vs. F2 hybrids. The hybrids 1167048, 1099044, 1170017, and 1169054 had a five-day less flowering time than their parental lines. The hybrid 1170017 had a high grain yield (6.23 t ha-1) with 43.55% of heterobeltiosis. The diversity between lines was narrow. However, hybrids with higher grain yield, heterosis, and heterobeltiosis showed higher genetic distances from their parental lines. The inbreeding depression between F1 vs. F2 was 30%, indicating that using F1 hybrids seeds is worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1262
Weverton Ferreira Santos, Jose Carlos FERREIRA JUNIOR, A. Silva, S. O. Procópio, G.B.P. Braz, A. Jakelaitis, Rafael Lopes DE Oliveira
The appropriate arrangement of sorghum plants combined with the supply of nutrients increases grain yield. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of grain sorghum grown under different plant arrangements and nitrogen fertilization levels. Experiments were carried out in Rio Verde and Montividiu in a 3 x 2 factorial randomized completely block design with six replications, with three spacing between rows (reduced, traditional and double row) and the use or not of 90 kg ha-1 topdressing nitrogen. There was a beneficial effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilization on grain yield when sorghum was grown in double rows in both locations, and for the reduced arrangement in Montividiu. However, the effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilization on grain yield in the traditional arrangement was not found. The dry shoot biomass of sorghum plants increased with nitrogen fertilization in Montividiu. The arrangement or topdressing nitrogen fertilization did not influence the thousand-grain weight of Sorghum.
高粱植株的适当安排与养分的供应相结合，可以提高粮食产量。在这种情况下，目的是评估在不同植物安排和氮肥水平下种植的粮食高粱的农艺性能。实验在Rio Verde和Montividiu进行，采用3×2析因随机完全区组设计，共6次重复，行间距为3行（减少、传统和双排），是否使用90 kg ha-1追肥氮。当高粱在两个地方双列种植时，追肥氮肥对粮食产量和蒙蒂维迪乌的减少种植都有有益的影响。然而，在传统的施肥方式下，没有发现追肥氮肥对粮食产量的影响。蒙提维迪乌高粱植株干茎生物量随施氮量的增加而增加。安排或追肥施氮对高粱的千粒重没有影响。
{"title":"PLANT ARRANGEMENT AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION","authors":"Weverton Ferreira Santos, Jose Carlos FERREIRA JUNIOR, A. Silva, S. O. Procópio, G.B.P. Braz, A. Jakelaitis, Rafael Lopes DE Oliveira","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1262","url":null,"abstract":"The appropriate arrangement of sorghum plants combined with the supply of nutrients increases grain yield. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of grain sorghum grown under different plant arrangements and nitrogen fertilization levels. Experiments were carried out in Rio Verde and Montividiu in a 3 x 2 factorial randomized completely block design with six replications, with three spacing between rows (reduced, traditional and double row) and the use or not of 90 kg ha-1 topdressing nitrogen. There was a beneficial effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilization on grain yield when sorghum was grown in double rows in both locations, and for the reduced arrangement in Montividiu. However, the effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilization on grain yield in the traditional arrangement was not found. The dry shoot biomass of sorghum plants increased with nitrogen fertilization in Montividiu. The arrangement or topdressing nitrogen fertilization did not influence the thousand-grain weight of Sorghum.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43540476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1253
Cínthia Kayane DA SILVA, Alex FLORENTINO DA SILVA, Darliton Alex SILVA FEITOSA, Barbara NASCIMENTO SANTOS, Paula Cristina FERREIRA BISPO, Tâmara Rebecca ALBUQUERQUE DE OLIVEIRA, Gustavo Hugo FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA
Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) has been grown in diverse climate variations, in warm and dry regions, or in regions with short drought periods. Thus, there is a need to select sorghum genotypes adapted to production systems under drought or rainy irregularities. This study evaluated the direct and indirect correlations among morphophysiological and productive characters of forage sorghum genotypes with Pearson’s correlation and path analysis. The experiment was designed under complete randomized blocks, with 25 treatments (genotypes) and three replicates. Analyzes of phenotypic correlation and the path analysis were done for plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, plant stand, green matter and dry matter yields, stem weight, plant weight, panicle weight, dry matter content, and forage mass. Plant weight presented the most significant direct effect on the forage mass (target variable), contributing to the increase in forage sorghum production. Therefore, heavier plants are more suitable to select forage sorghum genotypes indirectly, aiming to increase forage mass.
{"title":"CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS AMONG QUANTITATIVE TRAITS OF FORAGE SORGHUM GROWN IN THE SEMIARID REGION","authors":"Cínthia Kayane DA SILVA, Alex FLORENTINO DA SILVA, Darliton Alex SILVA FEITOSA, Barbara NASCIMENTO SANTOS, Paula Cristina FERREIRA BISPO, Tâmara Rebecca ALBUQUERQUE DE OLIVEIRA, Gustavo Hugo FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1253","url":null,"abstract":"Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) has been grown in diverse climate variations, in warm and dry regions, or in regions with short drought periods. Thus, there is a need to select sorghum genotypes adapted to production systems under drought or rainy irregularities. This study evaluated the direct and indirect correlations among morphophysiological and productive characters of forage sorghum genotypes with Pearson’s correlation and path analysis. The experiment was designed under complete randomized blocks, with 25 treatments (genotypes) and three replicates. Analyzes of phenotypic correlation and the path analysis were done for plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, plant stand, green matter and dry matter yields, stem weight, plant weight, panicle weight, dry matter content, and forage mass. Plant weight presented the most significant direct effect on the forage mass (target variable), contributing to the increase in forage sorghum production. Therefore, heavier plants are more suitable to select forage sorghum genotypes indirectly, aiming to increase forage mass.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41972950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1279
A. Cargnelutti Filho, V. Bubans, Lucas FILLIPIN OSMARI, Felipe MANFIO SOMAVILLA, Vithória MORENA ORTIZ
– The objectives of this work were to determine the sample size (number of plants) needed to estimate the mean of cut and grazing sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), Nutribem cultivar, traits and investigate the linear relations among traits. At 86 days after sowing, 110 plants of sorghum were selected at random. The traits evaluated for each plant were: plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of leaves, leaf fresh matter, stem fresh matter, shoot fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The sample size was determined to estimate the means of the traits, assuming estimation errors equal to 1% (higher precision), 2%, ..., and 20% (lower precision) of the mean. Scatter plots, correlation analysis, and path analysis investigated the relationship among traits. Fourteen plants were needed to estimate the means of plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, and number of cut and grazing sorghum leaves, with a maximum error of 10% of the mean and a 95% confidence level. With the same precision, to estimate the means of leaf, stem, and shoot fresh and dry matter, 48 plants are needed. Plant height positively correlates with stem and shoots fresh and dry matter. The number of leaves has a positive linear relation with leaf fresh and dry matter.
{"title":"SAMPLE SIZE AND LINEAR RELATIONS IN TRAITS OF CUT AND GRAZING SORGHUM","authors":"A. Cargnelutti Filho, V. Bubans, Lucas FILLIPIN OSMARI, Felipe MANFIO SOMAVILLA, Vithória MORENA ORTIZ","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1279","url":null,"abstract":"– The objectives of this work were to determine the sample size (number of plants) needed to estimate the mean of cut and grazing sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), Nutribem cultivar, traits and investigate the linear relations among traits. At 86 days after sowing, 110 plants of sorghum were selected at random. The traits evaluated for each plant were: plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of leaves, leaf fresh matter, stem fresh matter, shoot fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The sample size was determined to estimate the means of the traits, assuming estimation errors equal to 1% (higher precision), 2%, ..., and 20% (lower precision) of the mean. Scatter plots, correlation analysis, and path analysis investigated the relationship among traits. Fourteen plants were needed to estimate the means of plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, and number of cut and grazing sorghum leaves, with a maximum error of 10% of the mean and a 95% confidence level. With the same precision, to estimate the means of leaf, stem, and shoot fresh and dry matter, 48 plants are needed. Plant height positively correlates with stem and shoots fresh and dry matter. The number of leaves has a positive linear relation with leaf fresh and dry matter.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42461824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.18512/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1282
Álvaro Vilela de Resende, Jeferson Giehl, Eduardo De Paula Simão, Samuel CAMPOS DE ABREU, JOÃO CARLOS CARDOSO GALVÃO, E. Borghi, Miguel Marques Gontijo Neto
Sorghum is an off-season crop option in succession to soybean in the Cerrado region, but many producers underestimate the fertilization requirement, which can harm the productive performance of the system as a whole. Aiming to quantify the uptake and export of nutrients by grain sorghum, experiments were carried out in monocropping and intercropping with ruzigrass (Uroclhoa ruziziensis), with three levels of NPK fertilization (control without fertilization; maintenance fertilization; and maintenance + 30%). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. Sorghum plants were sampled at 33, 67 and 130 days after sowing, corresponding to the eight-leaf, flowering and physiological maturation development stages. The nutrient accumulation throughout the sorghum cycle and the respective extraction and export rates were calculated. Intercropping with ruzigrass reduces grain yield, but does not influence sorghum nutrient accumulation. Fertilization in soil with current high fertility increases biomass and nutrient accumulation, however, without any impact on grain yield. In off-season sorghum crop, nutrient uptake occurs mostly during the vegetative phase. Each ton of grain produced removes the equivalent of 14.5; 5.0; 3.5; 1.1 and 0.5 kg of N, P2O5, K2O, Mg and S, in addition to 2, 2, 25, 9 and 11 g of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The potential for nutrient removal by grain sorghum cultivation is comparable to the patterns of the off-season maize crop, evidencing the importance of fertilization to replenish the amounts of nutrient exported.
{"title":"NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY OFF-SEASON GRAIN SORGHUM AS AFFECTED BY INTERCROPPING WITH RUZIGRASS AND FERTILIZATION LEVELS IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO","authors":"Álvaro Vilela de Resende, Jeferson Giehl, Eduardo De Paula Simão, Samuel CAMPOS DE ABREU, JOÃO CARLOS CARDOSO GALVÃO, E. Borghi, Miguel Marques Gontijo Neto","doi":"10.18512/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1282","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum is an off-season crop option in succession to soybean in the Cerrado region, but many producers underestimate the fertilization requirement, which can harm the productive performance of the system as a whole. Aiming to quantify the uptake and export of nutrients by grain sorghum, experiments were carried out in monocropping and intercropping with ruzigrass (Uroclhoa ruziziensis), with three levels of NPK fertilization (control without fertilization; maintenance fertilization; and maintenance + 30%). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. Sorghum plants were sampled at 33, 67 and 130 days after sowing, corresponding to the eight-leaf, flowering and physiological maturation development stages. The nutrient accumulation throughout the sorghum cycle and the respective extraction and export rates were calculated. Intercropping with ruzigrass reduces grain yield, but does not influence sorghum nutrient accumulation. Fertilization in soil with current high fertility increases biomass and nutrient accumulation, however, without any impact on grain yield. In off-season sorghum crop, nutrient uptake occurs mostly during the vegetative phase. Each ton of grain produced removes the equivalent of 14.5; 5.0; 3.5; 1.1 and 0.5 kg of N, P2O5, K2O, Mg and S, in addition to 2, 2, 25, 9 and 11 g of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The potential for nutrient removal by grain sorghum cultivation is comparable to the patterns of the off-season maize crop, evidencing the importance of fertilization to replenish the amounts of nutrient exported.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1275
R. G. Von Pinho, Eric Vinicius VIEIRA SILV, Thiago Lucas de Oliveira, V. F. Souza, C. B. Menezes
Sorghum is a versatile crop used for energy production, human and animal feedings, and raw material for industry. The grain sorghum is the fifth most important cereal worldwide, and Brazil is one of the top 10 sorghum producers. In the last 40 years, the sorghum grain yield in Brazil has increased to 32.70 kg ha-1 year -1. Although this clear evolution, much remains to be done, and sorghum breeders in Brazil still face several challenges. This review discusses the main characteristics of sorghum genetics and breeding, aiming for sorghum improvement for food, fodder, feed, and fuel uses. Herein will be highlighted essential topics related to the genetic control of the main interest traits; conventional sorghum breeding; the development of sorghum lines and hybrids; the use of male-sterility in sorghum breeding; the implication of genotypes-by-environments interaction in sorghum, the use of genome-wide association studies, and genomic prediction to maximize the efficiency of the sorghum breeding programs.
{"title":"BREEDING SORGHUM FOR GRAIN, FORAGE AND BIOENERGY IN BRAZIL","authors":"R. G. Von Pinho, Eric Vinicius VIEIRA SILV, Thiago Lucas de Oliveira, V. F. Souza, C. B. Menezes","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1275","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum is a versatile crop used for energy production, human and animal feedings, and raw material for industry. The grain sorghum is the fifth most important cereal worldwide, and Brazil is one of the top 10 sorghum producers. In the last 40 years, the sorghum grain yield in Brazil has increased to 32.70 kg ha-1 year -1. Although this clear evolution, much remains to be done, and sorghum breeders in Brazil still face several challenges. This review discusses the main characteristics of sorghum genetics and breeding, aiming for sorghum improvement for food, fodder, feed, and fuel uses. Herein will be highlighted essential topics related to the genetic control of the main interest traits; conventional sorghum breeding; the development of sorghum lines and hybrids; the use of male-sterility in sorghum breeding; the implication of genotypes-by-environments interaction in sorghum, the use of genome-wide association studies, and genomic prediction to maximize the efficiency of the sorghum breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1246
Diogo Dembocurski, Elaine Cristina Disner, A. R. Schuelter, I. R. P. Souza, Silvia Renata Machado Coelho, D. Christ
The current paper evaluated the incubation time, and doses of Uniconazole (UCZ) applied to maize seeds to verify the plants’ response at different phenological stages. MSG1001 hybrid seeds were treated with UCZ (0, 50, and 100 mg.kg-1 of seed) with different incubation times (IT – 1 min and 12 h). In the lab experiment, the treated seeds were displaced in rolls of the previously moistened Germitest paper and incubated for a week in a BOD chamber at 25ºC with a 12-hour photoperiod. In the greenhouse experiments, sowing was carried out in pots with sand, and supplementary irrigation was applied for ten days. In the field experiment, sowing was performed with 0.5 m spacing between rows in densities of 75,000 and 65,000 plants.ha-1. In the BOD and the greenhouse, the design of both experiments was entirely randomized in a double-factor scheme (IT x UCZ). A randomized block design in a triple-factor scheme (IT x UCZ x Population) was used in the field experiment. Seed treatment with UCZ did not promote germination inhibition. The concentration of 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed in the 12-hour IT resulted in a more significant accumulation of root mass in seedlings after one week in the BOD. In the greenhouse, plants in the V1 stage presented longer shoot lengths for the treatments that received UCZ. Incubation time influenced root length, and IT = 12 h at a concentration of 50 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed was more efficient than IT = 1 min. Application of 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed was more effective for accumulating chlorophylls A and B in IT = 1 min. In the field, seeds treated with UCZ changed plants for female flowering and the number of green leaves below the ear. The population of 75,000 plants.ha-1 was more productive, with UCZ contributing to the hybrid’s yield. Incubation of the seeds with 50 or 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed in IT = 1 min contributed to more productivity than IT = 12 h. The grains’ starch content increased with the application of UCZ at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 of seed, and the starch percentage was modified according to population density and incubation time.
{"title":"USE OF UNICONAZOLE IN GROWTH REGULATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN MAIZE","authors":"Diogo Dembocurski, Elaine Cristina Disner, A. R. Schuelter, I. R. P. Souza, Silvia Renata Machado Coelho, D. Christ","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1246","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper evaluated the incubation time, and doses of Uniconazole (UCZ) applied to maize seeds to verify the plants’ response at different phenological stages. MSG1001 hybrid seeds were treated with UCZ (0, 50, and 100 mg.kg-1 of seed) with different incubation times (IT – 1 min and 12 h). In the lab experiment, the treated seeds were displaced in rolls of the previously moistened Germitest paper and incubated for a week in a BOD chamber at 25ºC with a 12-hour photoperiod. In the greenhouse experiments, sowing was carried out in pots with sand, and supplementary irrigation was applied for ten days. In the field experiment, sowing was performed with 0.5 m spacing between rows in densities of 75,000 and 65,000 plants.ha-1. In the BOD and the greenhouse, the design of both experiments was entirely randomized in a double-factor scheme (IT x UCZ). A randomized block design in a triple-factor scheme (IT x UCZ x Population) was used in the field experiment. Seed treatment with UCZ did not promote germination inhibition. The concentration of 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed in the 12-hour IT resulted in a more significant accumulation of root mass in seedlings after one week in the BOD. In the greenhouse, plants in the V1 stage presented longer shoot lengths for the treatments that received UCZ. Incubation time influenced root length, and IT = 12 h at a concentration of 50 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed was more efficient than IT = 1 min. Application of 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed was more effective for accumulating chlorophylls A and B in IT = 1 min. In the field, seeds treated with UCZ changed plants for female flowering and the number of green leaves below the ear. The population of 75,000 plants.ha-1 was more productive, with UCZ contributing to the hybrid’s yield. Incubation of the seeds with 50 or 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed in IT = 1 min contributed to more productivity than IT = 12 h. The grains’ starch content increased with the application of UCZ at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 of seed, and the starch percentage was modified according to population density and incubation time.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44514885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1239
Maria Antonia BORTOLUCCI DA ROSA, F. Tardin, Juliana da C. Souza, Janaine Aparecida Polli DOS SANTOS, Tainara DE Freitas Macedo, J. Santos, Murilo Henrique DE Freitas, Felipe Todescatto, Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella, J. E. F. Figueiredo, A. B. Neto, D. H. Pereira
This study evaluated sorghum cultivars’ agronomic performance and ensilability with different purpose. The experiment was conducted in Sinop/MT in the 2020 growing season. Eight experimental hybrids from Embrapa (forages 15F30005 and 15F30006, sweet CMSXS 5027, 5030, 5043, and 5045, and biomass 2019B008 and CMSXS 7501), and seven commercial hybrids (forages BRS 658, BRS 659, Volumax, BRS Ponta Negra, the sweet BRS 511, and biomass BRS 716 and AGRI-002E) were planted in a randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replicates. The highest yields in green matter belonged to the group formed by BRS 716 and CMSXS 5043, with an average of 101.9 Mg ha-1. The group with the highest dry matter productivity was formed by the cultivars AGRI-002E and BRS 716, with a 28.77 Mg ha-1 average. BRS 716, AGRI-002E, BRS 658, and 659 showed higher dry matter contents (DM), with 297.7 g kg-1 of DM. For buffering capacity, BRS 511 had the lowest value, with 16.2 g kg-1 DM. BRS 511 and CMSXS 5030 presented the highest average, 391.7 g kg-1 DM for water soluble carbohydrates. All genotypes showed potential to be ensiled and produce silages with a good fermentation pattern.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE, SWEET AND BIOMASS SORGHUM FOR AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND ENSILABILITY","authors":"Maria Antonia BORTOLUCCI DA ROSA, F. Tardin, Juliana da C. Souza, Janaine Aparecida Polli DOS SANTOS, Tainara DE Freitas Macedo, J. Santos, Murilo Henrique DE Freitas, Felipe Todescatto, Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella, J. E. F. Figueiredo, A. B. Neto, D. H. Pereira","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1239","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated sorghum cultivars’ agronomic performance and ensilability with different purpose. The experiment was conducted in Sinop/MT in the 2020 growing season. Eight experimental hybrids from Embrapa (forages 15F30005 and 15F30006, sweet CMSXS 5027, 5030, 5043, and 5045, and biomass 2019B008 and CMSXS 7501), and seven commercial hybrids (forages BRS 658, BRS 659, Volumax, BRS Ponta Negra, the sweet BRS 511, and biomass BRS 716 and AGRI-002E) were planted in a randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replicates. The highest yields in green matter belonged to the group formed by BRS 716 and CMSXS 5043, with an average of 101.9 Mg ha-1. The group with the highest dry matter productivity was formed by the cultivars AGRI-002E and BRS 716, with a 28.77 Mg ha-1 average. BRS 716, AGRI-002E, BRS 658, and 659 showed higher dry matter contents (DM), with 297.7 g kg-1 of DM. For buffering capacity, BRS 511 had the lowest value, with 16.2 g kg-1 DM. BRS 511 and CMSXS 5030 presented the highest average, 391.7 g kg-1 DM for water soluble carbohydrates. All genotypes showed potential to be ensiled and produce silages with a good fermentation pattern.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1254
L. Galon, D. C. Cavaletti, João Paulo Giacomini, A. F. Silva, M. Bagnara, Josiel Ricardo Toni, D. Brandler, G. F. Perin
– The interference caused by volunteer plants dispersed after harvest can cause economic losses to growers. This work aims to identify the competitive ability and the economic threshold level of maize hybrids in different densities of volunteer soybean. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized blocks design, with one replication. The treatments were maize hybrids (NK 422 Vip3; NK 488 Vip3; Syn Supremo Vip3; Brevant 2A401 PWU; FS 481 PW; e FS 620 PWU) and 12 densities of volunteer soybean established for each hybrid, going from 0 to maximum of 130 plants m -2 . At 30 days after emergence, were assessed the plant density (PD), soil cover (SC), leaf area (LA), and shot dry mass (SDM) of volunteer soybean plants. The maize hybrids NK 488 Vip3, Syn Supremo Vip3, and Brevant 2A401 PWU showed the highest competitive abilities that influenced economic threshold levels that ranged from 1,01 to 3,82 plants m -2 . Thus, it concluded that volunteer soybean causes yield losses when infesting maize, and hybrids show different competitive abilities, being the economic threshold level directly influenced by these characteristics.
{"title":"INTERFERENCE AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLD LEVEL OF TRANSGENIC VOLUNTEER SOYBEAN PLANTS IN MAIZE CROP","authors":"L. Galon, D. C. Cavaletti, João Paulo Giacomini, A. F. Silva, M. Bagnara, Josiel Ricardo Toni, D. Brandler, G. F. Perin","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1254","url":null,"abstract":"– The interference caused by volunteer plants dispersed after harvest can cause economic losses to growers. This work aims to identify the competitive ability and the economic threshold level of maize hybrids in different densities of volunteer soybean. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized blocks design, with one replication. The treatments were maize hybrids (NK 422 Vip3; NK 488 Vip3; Syn Supremo Vip3; Brevant 2A401 PWU; FS 481 PW; e FS 620 PWU) and 12 densities of volunteer soybean established for each hybrid, going from 0 to maximum of 130 plants m -2 . At 30 days after emergence, were assessed the plant density (PD), soil cover (SC), leaf area (LA), and shot dry mass (SDM) of volunteer soybean plants. The maize hybrids NK 488 Vip3, Syn Supremo Vip3, and Brevant 2A401 PWU showed the highest competitive abilities that influenced economic threshold levels that ranged from 1,01 to 3,82 plants m -2 . Thus, it concluded that volunteer soybean causes yield losses when infesting maize, and hybrids show different competitive abilities, being the economic threshold level directly influenced by these characteristics.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e12260
Vinicius Cambaúva, F. T. Leal, A. P. Coelho, L. B. Lemos
Intercropping with Crotalaria species may reduce maize yield; thus, evaluations must understand and explain competition in an intercropped system. The aim was to evaluate the effects of Crotalaria species and inter-row maize spacing on the growth and yield of intercropped maize. A randomized block design in a split-plot scheme was used. Plots comprised maize inter-row spacings of 0.45 and 0.90 m. Subplots consisted of four cropping systems: maize monoculture and three systems of maize intercropped with C. juncea, C. spectabilis, and C. ochroleuca. Plant heights of maize and Crotalaria species throughout the cycle, maize yield, and Crotalaria dry mass were evaluated. The critical plant height of Crotalaria that reduced maize yield ranged from 0.32 to 0.75 m, that is, the more advanced the maize cycle, the greater the critical plant height of Crotalaria. Intercropping with C. juncea was the only one that reduced maize yield (21%) compared to its monoculture, and inter-row maize spacing did not affect the variables. These results were due to the greater plant height (more than 100% higher) and final dry mass (more than 80% higher) of C. juncea compared to the other Crotalaria species, promoting competition with maize for water, light, and nutrients. The choice of Crotalaria species is essential for management in maize intercropped systems, associating the ecosystem benefits of the intercropping without reducing the cereal yield.
{"title":"DO CROTALARIA PLANT HEIGHT AND MAIZE INTER-ROW SPACING AFFECT INTERCROPPED MAIZE YIELD?","authors":"Vinicius Cambaúva, F. T. Leal, A. P. Coelho, L. B. Lemos","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e12260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e12260","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping with Crotalaria species may reduce maize yield; thus, evaluations must understand and explain competition in an intercropped system. The aim was to evaluate the effects of Crotalaria species and inter-row maize spacing on the growth and yield of intercropped maize. A randomized block design in a split-plot scheme was used. Plots comprised maize inter-row spacings of 0.45 and 0.90 m. Subplots consisted of four cropping systems: maize monoculture and three systems of maize intercropped with C. juncea, C. spectabilis, and C. ochroleuca. Plant heights of maize and Crotalaria species throughout the cycle, maize yield, and Crotalaria dry mass were evaluated. The critical plant height of Crotalaria that reduced maize yield ranged from 0.32 to 0.75 m, that is, the more advanced the maize cycle, the greater the critical plant height of Crotalaria. Intercropping with C. juncea was the only one that reduced maize yield (21%) compared to its monoculture, and inter-row maize spacing did not affect the variables. These results were due to the greater plant height (more than 100% higher) and final dry mass (more than 80% higher) of C. juncea compared to the other Crotalaria species, promoting competition with maize for water, light, and nutrients. The choice of Crotalaria species is essential for management in maize intercropped systems, associating the ecosystem benefits of the intercropping without reducing the cereal yield.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44847580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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