Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1289
R. S. Trindade
In maize, doubled haploid (DH) technology is used in breeding programs to obtain lines, the primary input for developing new cultivars. This review aims to present the main points related to using this technology in maize, the steps for its application, and the advantages and implications of using DH lines in maize breeding programs.
{"title":"THE USE OF DOUBLED HAPLOID TECHNOLOGY FOR LINES DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE BREEDING","authors":"R. S. Trindade","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1289","url":null,"abstract":"In maize, doubled haploid (DH) technology is used in breeding programs to obtain lines, the primary input for developing new cultivars. This review aims to present the main points related to using this technology in maize, the steps for its application, and the advantages and implications of using DH lines in maize breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48196770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1241
S. M. Mendes, Marco Aurélio GUERRA PIMENTEL, Valéria Aparecida Vieira Queiroz, D. D. da Silva, R. V. da Costa
Tests were carried out to assess fumonisins production due to lepidopteran feeding on the ears of the hybrid DKB 390VTPRO (Cry1A105/ Cry2Ab2) and in its non-Bt isogenic version. Maize ears were harvested and classified according to injury size, and fumonisin levels for each injury class were quantified. There were no significant differences between Bt maize and non-Bt maize in fumonisin production. However, the injury size due to earworm feeding was significant for fumonisin occurrence. The greater the injury, the higher the fumonisins level.
{"title":"EFFECT OF EARWORM INJURIES ON FUMONISINS PRODUCTION IN Bt AND NON-Bt MAIZE","authors":"S. M. Mendes, Marco Aurélio GUERRA PIMENTEL, Valéria Aparecida Vieira Queiroz, D. D. da Silva, R. V. da Costa","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1241","url":null,"abstract":"Tests were carried out to assess fumonisins production due to lepidopteran feeding on the ears of the hybrid DKB 390VTPRO (Cry1A105/ Cry2Ab2) and in its non-Bt isogenic version. Maize ears were harvested and classified according to injury size, and fumonisin levels for each injury class were quantified. There were no significant differences between Bt maize and non-Bt maize in fumonisin production. However, the injury size due to earworm feeding was significant for fumonisin occurrence. The greater the injury, the higher the fumonisins level.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1229
Rita DE Kássia SIQUEIRA TEIXEIRA, Reberth Renato DA SILVA, M. Oliveira, B. L. Carvalho, Magno Antônio Patto Ramalho
One of the strategies to increase maize yield is to select lines that present a higher matter accumulation rate in the grains. This work was carried out to identify the population with the most significant potential to obtain this line type. For this, nine commercial hybrids’ F1 and F2 generations were evaluated in four environments, involving two years and two seasons each year. The traits evaluated were the number of days to female flowering (NDF) and physiological maturity (NDPM), dry matter accumulation rate (RATE), and grain yield (YLD). For each trait, the contribution of the loci in homozygosity (m+a) and heterozygosis (d) was estimated. NDF, NDPM, and RATE predominated an additive effect with a higher m+a estimate. Regarding YLD, the estimate of d was much higher than m+a, indicating the greater importance of dominance. Hybrid 5 is the most promising for obtaining the segregating population because it associates a high m+a, and d estimate that, although it was not among the highest, represented 56.03% of the average. For this hybrid, considering the YLD, the mean of the lines in F∞ will be the highest and associated with sufficient variability in the population to enable successful selection.
{"title":"ESTIMATES OF MEANS COMPONENTS FOR MAIZE GRAIN-FILLING TRAITS","authors":"Rita DE Kássia SIQUEIRA TEIXEIRA, Reberth Renato DA SILVA, M. Oliveira, B. L. Carvalho, Magno Antônio Patto Ramalho","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1229","url":null,"abstract":"One of the strategies to increase maize yield is to select lines that present a higher matter accumulation rate in the grains. This work was carried out to identify the population with the most significant potential to obtain this line type. For this, nine commercial hybrids’ F1 and F2 generations were evaluated in four environments, involving two years and two seasons each year. The traits evaluated were the number of days to female flowering (NDF) and physiological maturity (NDPM), dry matter accumulation rate (RATE), and grain yield (YLD). For each trait, the contribution of the loci in homozygosity (m+a) and heterozygosis (d) was estimated. NDF, NDPM, and RATE predominated an additive effect with a higher m+a estimate. Regarding YLD, the estimate of d was much higher than m+a, indicating the greater importance of dominance. Hybrid 5 is the most promising for obtaining the segregating population because it associates a high m+a, and d estimate that, although it was not among the highest, represented 56.03% of the average. For this hybrid, considering the YLD, the mean of the lines in F∞ will be the highest and associated with sufficient variability in the population to enable successful selection.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48987855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1230
Bruno Henrique MINGOTE JULIO, N. N. L. D. Parrella, C. V. Santos, K. J. Silva, Alexon Fernandes Campos, Iasmin Marrony Damasceno Reis, Paula Silva Mirante, Cícero Beserra de Menezes
– This study aimed to select grain sorghum R lines based on grain yield and disease traits. The experiment consisted of 360 experimental R lines and two checks cultivars CMSXS180R and 9503062R. The experimental design used was of augmented blocks. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, days to flowering, thousand-grain mass, grain yield, and evaluation of leaf blight ( Exserohilum turcicum ) and anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola ). In the analysis of variance, the interaction between Lines and checks was significant for all characteristics evaluated. All traits showed heritability above 70%, except a thousand-grain mass below 60%. In this work, the lines that obtained the best means were L57 and L74, considered earlier, with plant height ideal for grain and a high grain yield and resistance to foliar diseases.
{"title":"PHENOTYPIC SELECTION OF GRAIN SORGHUM RESTORER LINES","authors":"Bruno Henrique MINGOTE JULIO, N. N. L. D. Parrella, C. V. Santos, K. J. Silva, Alexon Fernandes Campos, Iasmin Marrony Damasceno Reis, Paula Silva Mirante, Cícero Beserra de Menezes","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1230","url":null,"abstract":"– This study aimed to select grain sorghum R lines based on grain yield and disease traits. The experiment consisted of 360 experimental R lines and two checks cultivars CMSXS180R and 9503062R. The experimental design used was of augmented blocks. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, days to flowering, thousand-grain mass, grain yield, and evaluation of leaf blight ( Exserohilum turcicum ) and anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola ). In the analysis of variance, the interaction between Lines and checks was significant for all characteristics evaluated. All traits showed heritability above 70%, except a thousand-grain mass below 60%. In this work, the lines that obtained the best means were L57 and L74, considered earlier, with plant height ideal for grain and a high grain yield and resistance to foliar diseases.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44589803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-06DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1284
Kamila Ellen SOUZA DE OLIVEIRA, C. Ribeiro, Andrea ALMEIDA CARNEIRO, Newton Portilho Carneiro
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a gene editing method capable of accurately locating and altering a specific sequence of a genome. Currently, this technique stands out as a promising biotechnological tool for the improvement of different crops, overcoming the limitations of conventional breeding methods and accelerating the development of plants’ agronomic characteristics. The basic principle of genome editing via CRISPR is to cause a double-stranded DNA break at a predetermined location by a sgRNA (single guide RNA) and through internal repair mechanisms cause mutations and, consequently, genetic variability. In prokaryotic organisms, it is an immune system that naturally protects against viral infection and has been modified to create different applications in higher organisms in the field of medicine and agriculture. In agriculture, it has been used in a large number of mono and dicotyledonous plants, including those of great commercial value such as soybean, cotton and maize. In maize, this technique has been used as a biotechnological tool for increasing production, quality, nutritional value, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. CRISPR-Cas9 technology has enormous potential to contribute to increased food production with great benefit to the environment. This review explores the bases for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate genetic variability and its use in the development of maize cultivars with better agronomic characteristics.
{"title":"EDITING GENOMES VIA CRISPR/CAS9 AND APPLICATIONS IN MAIZE IMPROVEMENT","authors":"Kamila Ellen SOUZA DE OLIVEIRA, C. Ribeiro, Andrea ALMEIDA CARNEIRO, Newton Portilho Carneiro","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1284","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a gene editing method capable of accurately locating and altering a specific sequence of a genome. Currently, this technique stands out as a promising biotechnological tool for the improvement of different crops, overcoming the limitations of conventional breeding methods and accelerating the development of plants’ agronomic characteristics. The basic principle of genome editing via CRISPR is to cause a double-stranded DNA break at a predetermined location by a sgRNA (single guide RNA) and through internal repair mechanisms cause mutations and, consequently, genetic variability. In prokaryotic organisms, it is an immune system that naturally protects against viral infection and has been modified to create different applications in higher organisms in the field of medicine and agriculture. In agriculture, it has been used in a large number of mono and dicotyledonous plants, including those of great commercial value such as soybean, cotton and maize. In maize, this technique has been used as a biotechnological tool for increasing production, quality, nutritional value, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. CRISPR-Cas9 technology has enormous potential to contribute to increased food production with great benefit to the environment. This review explores the bases for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate genetic variability and its use in the development of maize cultivars with better agronomic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47417389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1240
A. F. da Silva, Vitor Abreu Padrão, G. Concenço, L. Galon, I. Aspiazú
S Studies evaluating the effectiveness of herbicides on weed control, coupled with the sustainability of the weed management system, are of great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides applied to maize while inferring the sustainability of the treatments employing an ecological approach. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the application of atrazine at the dose of 1500 g ha-1; atrazine + mesotrione at 1500 + 72 g ha-1; atrazine + tembotrione at 1500 + 100.8 g ha-1; atrazine + nicosulfuron at 1500 + 22.5 g ha-1; atrazine + glyphosate at 1500 g ha-1 + 792.5 g ha-1, in addition to weeded and infested control treatments. The herbicides were applied at the 4 leaf stage of maize. The phytotoxicity and control efficacy was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after applying treatments (DAT). In addition, a phytosociological survey of all plots was carried out in the last assessment. Herbicides did not cause phytotoxicity symptoms to the crop. However, associations of atrazine with glyphosate and atrazine with tembotrione promoted the greater effectiveness of weed control. Despite being classified as one of the treatments with better effectiveness, the association between glyphosate and atrazine, caused a more significant reduction in the diversity of the plant community, and alternative weed management practices should be applied to maize cropping fields to avoid weed selection.
S评估除草剂控制杂草的有效性以及杂草管理系统的可持续性的研究具有重要意义。本研究旨在评估玉米出苗后除草剂的效果，同时采用生态学方法推断处理的可持续性。实验采用随机分组设计，共进行四次重复。治疗包括施用剂量为1500g ha-1的阿特拉津；阿特拉津+中三酮1500+72gha-1；阿特拉津+替莫三酮，1500+100.8 g ha-1；阿特拉津+烟嘧磺隆1500+22.5 g ha-1；阿特拉津+草甘膦1500 g ha-1+792.5 g ha-1，除除草和虫害对照处理外。除草剂在玉米4叶期施用。在施用处理（DAT）后7、14、21和28天评估植物毒性和控制效果。此外，在上次评估中对所有地块进行了植物社会学调查。除草剂不会对作物造成植物毒性症状。然而，阿特拉津与草甘膦、阿特拉津和替博替翁的联合作用促进了杂草控制的更大效果。尽管草甘膦和阿特拉津被列为有效性较好的处理方法之一，但它们之间的关联导致了植物群落多样性的显著降低，因此应在玉米种植区采用替代杂草管理方法，以避免杂草选择。
{"title":"CONTROL EFFICACY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES APPLIED TO MAIZE","authors":"A. F. da Silva, Vitor Abreu Padrão, G. Concenço, L. Galon, I. Aspiazú","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1240","url":null,"abstract":"S Studies evaluating the effectiveness of herbicides on weed control, coupled with the sustainability of the weed management system, are of great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides applied to maize while inferring the sustainability of the treatments employing an ecological approach. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the application of atrazine at the dose of 1500 g ha-1; atrazine + mesotrione at 1500 + 72 g ha-1; atrazine + tembotrione at 1500 + 100.8 g ha-1; atrazine + nicosulfuron at 1500 + 22.5 g ha-1; atrazine + glyphosate at 1500 g ha-1 + 792.5 g ha-1, in addition to weeded and infested control treatments. The herbicides were applied at the 4 leaf stage of maize. The phytotoxicity and control efficacy was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after applying treatments (DAT). In addition, a phytosociological survey of all plots was carried out in the last assessment. Herbicides did not cause phytotoxicity symptoms to the crop. However, associations of atrazine with glyphosate and atrazine with tembotrione promoted the greater effectiveness of weed control. Despite being classified as one of the treatments with better effectiveness, the association between glyphosate and atrazine, caused a more significant reduction in the diversity of the plant community, and alternative weed management practices should be applied to maize cropping fields to avoid weed selection.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48021750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1285
C. D. Marinho, I. Coelho, M. A. Peixoto, G. A. C. CARVALHO JUNIOR, Marcio Fernando Ribeiro Resende Júnior
The ability to predict genotypes that have not yet been tested is always a target of plant breeders. Over the last twenty years, many studies presented genomic selection (GS) as a tool contributing to this goal. Currently, many research papers have shown encouraging results in the application of GS. However, there are few examples of long-term, successful applications of GS in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, for breeders and researchers considering the application of GS, there are a series of important considerations on how to adapt a breeding program to maximize the benefit of GS, aiming to reduce the costs and maximize the genetic gains. Under this perspective, we present a review with a general view about applied GS in maize breeding, future perspectives of this technique, and an applied study case of a breeding program using GS. We attempt to provide a brief review of the literature with recent developments, as well as a discussion involving the number of markers required to deploy GS, the different statistical approaches to create GS models, the different ways to define training populations, and the incorporation of non-additive effects and genotype by environment interaction. We end with general recommendations and conclusions about some critical points about adopting GS in maize breeding.
{"title":"GENOMIC SELECTION AS A TOOL FOR MAIZE CULTIVARS DEVELOPMENT","authors":"C. D. Marinho, I. Coelho, M. A. Peixoto, G. A. C. CARVALHO JUNIOR, Marcio Fernando Ribeiro Resende Júnior","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1285","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to predict genotypes that have not yet been tested is always a target of plant breeders. Over the last twenty years, many studies presented genomic selection (GS) as a tool contributing to this goal. Currently, many research papers have shown encouraging results in the application of GS. However, there are few examples of long-term, successful applications of GS in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, for breeders and researchers considering the application of GS, there are a series of important considerations on how to adapt a breeding program to maximize the benefit of GS, aiming to reduce the costs and maximize the genetic gains. Under this perspective, we present a review with a general view about applied GS in maize breeding, future perspectives of this technique, and an applied study case of a breeding program using GS. We attempt to provide a brief review of the literature with recent developments, as well as a discussion involving the number of markers required to deploy GS, the different statistical approaches to create GS models, the different ways to define training populations, and the incorporation of non-additive effects and genotype by environment interaction. We end with general recommendations and conclusions about some critical points about adopting GS in maize breeding.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1277
P. Nurmberg, A. Brito, C. M. Zimmer, D. Schwantes, É. E. Mantovani, F. Bosetti, J. Rotundo, Sandra K. TRUONG, L. Borrás, Aberlardo DE LA VEGA, C. Messina, Ryan F. McCORMICK
As the most produced grain crop in the world, maize (Zea mays) isa cornerstone of the global agricultural economy. Technological innovationsin molecular genetics, environmental characterization, and predictive breedinghave continued to drive genetic gain in maize, even for target populations ofenvironments with high heterogeneity of water availability. Environments proneto drought stress remain key targets where genetic gain must continue to maintain a resilient food supply. Here we review advances towards improving maize drought tolerance; the review focused on molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning drought tolerance, and methodologies that improve prediction of the genotype by environment interactions under drought conditions.
{"title":"A COMMERCIAL BREEDING PERSPECTIVE OF MAIZE IMPROVEMENT FOR DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE","authors":"P. Nurmberg, A. Brito, C. M. Zimmer, D. Schwantes, É. E. Mantovani, F. Bosetti, J. Rotundo, Sandra K. TRUONG, L. Borrás, Aberlardo DE LA VEGA, C. Messina, Ryan F. McCORMICK","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1277","url":null,"abstract":"As the most produced grain crop in the world, maize (Zea mays) isa cornerstone of the global agricultural economy. Technological innovationsin molecular genetics, environmental characterization, and predictive breedinghave continued to drive genetic gain in maize, even for target populations ofenvironments with high heterogeneity of water availability. Environments proneto drought stress remain key targets where genetic gain must continue to maintain a resilient food supply. Here we review advances towards improving maize drought tolerance; the review focused on molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning drought tolerance, and methodologies that improve prediction of the genotype by environment interactions under drought conditions.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022v21e1272
André Luís HARTMANN CARANHATO, Rafael William ROMO TRINDADE, Renan SANTOS UHDRE, Ronald JOSÉ BARTH PINTO, Carlos Alberto Scapim, M. E. A. G. ZAGATTO PATERNIANI
Popcorn consumption in Brazil has grown significantly over the years, and genetic improvement is essential to obtain sustainable gains in multiple traits to supply this increasing demand. Thus, the objective of this review was to contribute information concerning the process of popcorn breeding in tropical regions, germplasm availability, popcorn breeding plans, the main characteristics related to popcorn quality and yield, and advances and perspectives in the process of popcorn improvement. The main focus of breeding programs is to obtain hybrids from inbred lines with high popping expansion (40 mL g-1) and yield (4.000 kg ha-1). The genetic improvement performed in Brazil has presented significant advances, mainly due to work developed in public institutions with the development of new hybrids that present more significant popping expansion and yield. However, the number of cultivars is still low, and most of them are controlled by private companies. Therefore, intrapopulation methods are recommended to develop open-pollinated varieties with high popping expansion, and this trait can be used as an early predictor of promising inbred lines to obtain superior hybrids for grain quality. Furthermore, popping expansion can be quickly recovered in backcrosses involving the cross of common maize with an inbred popcorn line.
多年来，巴西的爆米花消费量大幅增长，基因改良对于获得多种性状的可持续收益以满足日益增长的需求至关重要。因此，本综述的目的是提供有关热带地区爆米花育种过程、种质资源可用性、爆米花育种计划、与爆米花质量和产量相关的主要特征以及爆米花改良过程中的进展和前景的信息。育种计划的主要重点是从具有高爆裂扩展（40mL g-1）和产量（4.000 kg ha-1）的自交系中获得杂交种。在巴西进行的基因改良取得了重大进展，这主要归功于公共机构开发的新杂交种，这些杂交种具有更显著的爆裂扩展和产量。然而，品种数量仍然很少，而且大多数都由私营公司控制。因此，建议采用群体内方法培育具有高爆裂扩展性的开放授粉品种，该性状可作为有希望的自交系的早期预测指标，以获得优质的杂交种。此外，在普通玉米与近交系爆米花杂交的回交中，爆裂扩展可以很快恢复。
{"title":"GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN POPCORN","authors":"André Luís HARTMANN CARANHATO, Rafael William ROMO TRINDADE, Renan SANTOS UHDRE, Ronald JOSÉ BARTH PINTO, Carlos Alberto Scapim, M. E. A. G. ZAGATTO PATERNIANI","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022v21e1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022v21e1272","url":null,"abstract":"Popcorn consumption in Brazil has grown significantly over the years, and genetic improvement is essential to obtain sustainable gains in multiple traits to supply this increasing demand. Thus, the objective of this review was to contribute information concerning the process of popcorn breeding in tropical regions, germplasm availability, popcorn breeding plans, the main characteristics related to popcorn quality and yield, and advances and perspectives in the process of popcorn improvement. The main focus of breeding programs is to obtain hybrids from inbred lines with high popping expansion (40 mL g-1) and yield (4.000 kg ha-1). The genetic improvement performed in Brazil has presented significant advances, mainly due to work developed in public institutions with the development of new hybrids that present more significant popping expansion and yield. However, the number of cultivars is still low, and most of them are controlled by private companies. Therefore, intrapopulation methods are recommended to develop open-pollinated varieties with high popping expansion, and this trait can be used as an early predictor of promising inbred lines to obtain superior hybrids for grain quality. Furthermore, popping expansion can be quickly recovered in backcrosses involving the cross of common maize with an inbred popcorn line.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45766074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1228
Marussa Cássia Favaro Boldrin, Renato Lara de Assis, K. Costa, G. Simon, Antonio Joaquim Braga PEREIRA BRAZ, Alessandro Guerra da Silva, J. Torres, Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares
The millet straw dynamics at different sowing dates in the off-season were evaluated in an experiment conducted in Rio Verde-GO. The experimental design used was randomized blocks arranged in a split-plot scheme, with four replications and four sowing dates. Five millet genotypes, two cultivars (ADR300 and ADR500) for biomass production, a dual-purpose hybrid (ADR8010) for grain and biomass production, and two hybrids (ADR9010 and ADR 9020) for grain production were used. Biomass production was performed at 0, 60, 94, 140, and 178 days after grain harvest. The millet cultivars and hybrids showed similar dry biomass production at different sowing dates, with an average production of 8,917 kg ha-1. The ADR300 and ADR500 cultivars and the ADR8010 hybrid showed similar dry biomass decomposition rates at all sowing dates. The hybrids ADR9010 and ADR9020 showed lower rates of straw decomposition in the fourth sowing date than the other genotypes. The hybrids ADR9010 and ADR9020, specific for grain production, have the potential for biomass production similar to the cultivars, regardless of the sowing dates.
在里约热内卢Verde-GO进行了谷子秸秆淡季不同播期动态变化的研究。试验设计采用分块法随机分组，4个重复，4个播期。选用5个谷子基因型，2个用于生物质生产的品种(ADR300和ADR500)、1个用于粮食和生物质生产的双用途杂交种(ADR8010)和2个用于粮食生产的杂交种(ADR9010和ADR 9020)。在收获后的第0、60、94、140和178天进行生物质生产。谷子品种和杂交种在不同播期的干生物量产量相似，平均产量为8,917 kg ha-1。ADR300、ADR500和杂种ADR8010各播期干生物量分解速率基本一致。杂种ADR9010和ADR9020在播期秸秆分解率低于其他基因型。杂种ADR9010和ADR9020具有与籽粒产量相近的产量潜力，与播期无关。
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF MILLET STRAW CULTIVATED AT DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN THE OFF-SEASON","authors":"Marussa Cássia Favaro Boldrin, Renato Lara de Assis, K. Costa, G. Simon, Antonio Joaquim Braga PEREIRA BRAZ, Alessandro Guerra da Silva, J. Torres, Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares","doi":"10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2022vol21e1228","url":null,"abstract":"The millet straw dynamics at different sowing dates in the off-season were evaluated in an experiment conducted in Rio Verde-GO. The experimental design used was randomized blocks arranged in a split-plot scheme, with four replications and four sowing dates. Five millet genotypes, two cultivars (ADR300 and ADR500) for biomass production, a dual-purpose hybrid (ADR8010) for grain and biomass production, and two hybrids (ADR9010 and ADR 9020) for grain production were used. Biomass production was performed at 0, 60, 94, 140, and 178 days after grain harvest. The millet cultivars and hybrids showed similar dry biomass production at different sowing dates, with an average production of 8,917 kg ha-1. The ADR300 and ADR500 cultivars and the ADR8010 hybrid showed similar dry biomass decomposition rates at all sowing dates. The hybrids ADR9010 and ADR9020 showed lower rates of straw decomposition in the fourth sowing date than the other genotypes. The hybrids ADR9010 and ADR9020, specific for grain production, have the potential for biomass production similar to the cultivars, regardless of the sowing dates.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43308037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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