Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-57-62
I. Zadora, S. Zhavoronok, V. Davydov, A. Babenka, L. Anisko, T. Rogacheva, V. V. Simirsky, A. Shcherban, N. V. Shchuka, Y. A. Mytko, G. Alatortseva, L. Lukhverchik, L. Nesterenko, V. Zverev
Background. Though the Republic of Belarus does not belong to countries endemic for viral hepatitis E, numerous studies have proved that hepatitis E virus (HEV) actively circulates among humans and animals. However, the circulation is latent that makes it difficult to diagnose the infection in a timely manner. Objective. To develop and evaluate the quality of a domestic ELISA test system for the detection of anti-HEI IgM. Material and methods. 96-well plates, recombinant proteins ORF2 and ORF3 of the 3rd HEV genotype, conjugate of monoclonal antibodies to human IgM with horseradish peroxidase, solutions for dilution of serums and conjugate containing bovine serum albumin. Results. The recommended concentrations of recombinant polypeptides ORF2 and ORF3 of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 for sorption are 2 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The optimum dilution of the conjugate is 1:13 000. False positive and false negative results were not detected, sensitivity and specificity being at least 99%. The mean value for coefficient of variation within one plate is 6.4%, within two plates is 11.3%. Conclusions. The characteristics of the developed national test system comply with the recommended standards, thus indicating the possibility of its implementation into clinical laboratory diagnostics.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A DOMESTIC ENZYME IMMUNE TEST SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF ANTI-HEV IGM IN BLOOD SERUM","authors":"I. Zadora, S. Zhavoronok, V. Davydov, A. Babenka, L. Anisko, T. Rogacheva, V. V. Simirsky, A. Shcherban, N. V. Shchuka, Y. A. Mytko, G. Alatortseva, L. Lukhverchik, L. Nesterenko, V. Zverev","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-57-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-57-62","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Though the Republic of Belarus does not belong to countries endemic for viral hepatitis E, numerous studies have proved that hepatitis E virus (HEV) actively circulates among humans and animals. However, the circulation is latent that makes it difficult to diagnose the infection in a timely manner. Objective. To develop and evaluate the quality of a domestic ELISA test system for the detection of anti-HEI IgM. Material and methods. 96-well plates, recombinant proteins ORF2 and ORF3 of the 3rd HEV genotype, conjugate of monoclonal antibodies to human IgM with horseradish peroxidase, solutions for dilution of serums and conjugate containing bovine serum albumin. Results. The recommended concentrations of recombinant polypeptides ORF2 and ORF3 of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 for sorption are 2 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The optimum dilution of the conjugate is 1:13 000. False positive and false negative results were not detected, sensitivity and specificity being at least 99%. The mean value for coefficient of variation within one plate is 6.4%, within two plates is 11.3%. Conclusions. The characteristics of the developed national test system comply with the recommended standards, thus indicating the possibility of its implementation into clinical laboratory diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42832133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-81-88
Y. Arlouski, A. Glyzdou, I. Salmin, A. Shchastniy
Background. The advances in surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) have significantly reduced postoperative mortality rate, however, the number of deaths remains high. Thus, prevention and prediction of complications are regarded as a complex and important task in choosing optimal surgical strategy. Objective. To study early postoperative complications after proximal pancreatic resection in chronic pancreatitis; to determine surgical strategy in preoperative and postoperative stages to reduce the risk of and predict postoperative complications. Material and methods. From 2001 to 2019 on the basis of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital, 246 patients with CP and its complications were operated on, among them there were 223 (90.7%) men and 23 (9.3%) women. The mean age was 48(±6) years. Our study did not include patients who underwent Frey's operation and pancreatoduodenal resection due to their small number. Results. Of 246 operated patients, early postoperative complications occurred in 126 (51.2%) patients. Among them after the Beger’s operation - in 77 (31.2%) patients, after the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation - in 49 (20%) patients, respectively. Of the 126 patients with developed postoperative complications, repeated surgical interventions were performed in 50 (39.7%) patients - 35 (70%) patients after the Beger’s operation and 15 (30%) patients after the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation, respectively; in 76 (60, 3%) patients, postoperative complications were controlled by conservative measures. In order to manage early postoperative complications, various types of surgical interventions were performed. Conclusions. Patients with pancreatic calcification, virsungectasia, virsungolithiasis in combination with portal hypertension are more likely to develop early postoperative complications during the Beger’s operation, in comparison with the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation. In patients with pancreatic calcification, virsungectasia and virsungolithiasis in combination with portal hypertension, as well as in patients with pancreatic head cysts, it is advisable to perform the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation, it being technically simpler thus allowing to minimize the number of postoperative complications. When performing the Beger’s operation, as compared to the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation, there were no statistically significant differences in the total number of repeated interventions aimed to correct early postoperative complications, however, after the Beger’s operation, the complications were statistically significantly more often managed by minimally invasive intervention (p=0.005).
{"title":"SURGICAL STRATEGY AND PREDICTION OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AFTER PROXIMAL PANCREATECTOMY IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS","authors":"Y. Arlouski, A. Glyzdou, I. Salmin, A. Shchastniy","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The advances in surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) have significantly reduced postoperative mortality rate, however, the number of deaths remains high. Thus, prevention and prediction of complications are regarded as a complex and important task in choosing optimal surgical strategy. Objective. To study early postoperative complications after proximal pancreatic resection in chronic pancreatitis; to determine surgical strategy in preoperative and postoperative stages to reduce the risk of and predict postoperative complications. Material and methods. From 2001 to 2019 on the basis of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital, 246 patients with CP and its complications were operated on, among them there were 223 (90.7%) men and 23 (9.3%) women. The mean age was 48(±6) years. Our study did not include patients who underwent Frey's operation and pancreatoduodenal resection due to their small number. Results. Of 246 operated patients, early postoperative complications occurred in 126 (51.2%) patients. Among them after the Beger’s operation - in 77 (31.2%) patients, after the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation - in 49 (20%) patients, respectively. Of the 126 patients with developed postoperative complications, repeated surgical interventions were performed in 50 (39.7%) patients - 35 (70%) patients after the Beger’s operation and 15 (30%) patients after the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation, respectively; in 76 (60, 3%) patients, postoperative complications were controlled by conservative measures. In order to manage early postoperative complications, various types of surgical interventions were performed. Conclusions. Patients with pancreatic calcification, virsungectasia, virsungolithiasis in combination with portal hypertension are more likely to develop early postoperative complications during the Beger’s operation, in comparison with the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation. In patients with pancreatic calcification, virsungectasia and virsungolithiasis in combination with portal hypertension, as well as in patients with pancreatic head cysts, it is advisable to perform the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation, it being technically simpler thus allowing to minimize the number of postoperative complications. When performing the Beger’s operation, as compared to the Berne modification of the Beger’s operation, there were no statistically significant differences in the total number of repeated interventions aimed to correct early postoperative complications, however, after the Beger’s operation, the complications were statistically significantly more often managed by minimally invasive intervention (p=0.005).","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-48-56
V. Vysotskaya, N. Kolomiets, I. Glinskaya, O. Romanova, E. Gasich, E. Samoilovich
Integration of hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination into national immunization programs has resulted in a significant reduction in hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission worldwide, and specifically in previously highly endemic countries. A key aspect of HBV elimination strategy is the administration of a birth dose followed by a further hepatitis B vaccination of newborns. Additional preventive measures include screening during pregnancy, administration of antivirals as well as the use of HB immunoglobulin. Despite a significant decrease in the number of HB cases, vaccination of adults, in particular those of high-risk groups, remains an important challenge. Objective. To evaluate the impact of vaccination strategies on HB epidemiology in the Republic of Belarus. Material and methods. HBV incidence in the Republic of Belarus has been estimated according to the data from state statistical reporting forms. The results were statistically processed using Statistica V.10.0 program (Statsoft, USA). Results. Over the period in question there has been noted a marked decrease in the incidence of acute and asymptomatic HBV forms (the rate (ТсН.) equals to -13,25% and -11,99% respectively), while the incidence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) tends to increase (the rate (Тpr.) equals to +1,09%). Over the period of 2002-2022, CHB prevails in the etiological structure, constituting more than 70% of observations in the total structure of HB since 2018. HBV incidence pattern varies according to the regions. Currently, the leading cohort in the overall incidence is the population aged 30-49. The incidence rate of hepatitis B among individuals of this age cohort (320.57 per 100 thousand people) is 2.35 times higher than that of a 0-29-yearage cohort (136.50 per 100 thousand people) that is accounted for by a low level of preventive vaccination coverage (according to medical records), equal to 39.3% for the cohort aged 30-49. Scheduled vaccine prophylaxis introduced in 2000 has become the basis for the effective HB epidemiology surveillance in the Republic of Belarus. Conclusions. The period in question is characterized by both a marked decrease in the incidence of nosological HBV forms (the rate is 7.5%) and a moderate increase in the incidence of chronic hepatitis B (the rate (Тpr.) equals to +1,09%. Despite the undeniable progress and success of HB vaccination, it should be mentioned that an estimated over 65% of unvaccinated adult population may form a cluster for the potential spread of the virus.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF VACCINATION IMPACT ON HEPATITIS B EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS","authors":"V. Vysotskaya, N. Kolomiets, I. Glinskaya, O. Romanova, E. Gasich, E. Samoilovich","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-48-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-48-56","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination into national immunization programs has resulted in a significant reduction in hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission worldwide, and specifically in previously highly endemic countries. A key aspect of HBV elimination strategy is the administration of a birth dose followed by a further hepatitis B vaccination of newborns. Additional preventive measures include screening during pregnancy, administration of antivirals as well as the use of HB immunoglobulin. Despite a significant decrease in the number of HB cases, vaccination of adults, in particular those of high-risk groups, remains an important challenge. Objective. To evaluate the impact of vaccination strategies on HB epidemiology in the Republic of Belarus. Material and methods. HBV incidence in the Republic of Belarus has been estimated according to the data from state statistical reporting forms. The results were statistically processed using Statistica V.10.0 program (Statsoft, USA). Results. Over the period in question there has been noted a marked decrease in the incidence of acute and asymptomatic HBV forms (the rate (ТсН.) equals to -13,25% and -11,99% respectively), while the incidence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) tends to increase (the rate (Тpr.) equals to +1,09%). Over the period of 2002-2022, CHB prevails in the etiological structure, constituting more than 70% of observations in the total structure of HB since 2018. HBV incidence pattern varies according to the regions. Currently, the leading cohort in the overall incidence is the population aged 30-49. The incidence rate of hepatitis B among individuals of this age cohort (320.57 per 100 thousand people) is 2.35 times higher than that of a 0-29-yearage cohort (136.50 per 100 thousand people) that is accounted for by a low level of preventive vaccination coverage (according to medical records), equal to 39.3% for the cohort aged 30-49. Scheduled vaccine prophylaxis introduced in 2000 has become the basis for the effective HB epidemiology surveillance in the Republic of Belarus. Conclusions. The period in question is characterized by both a marked decrease in the incidence of nosological HBV forms (the rate is 7.5%) and a moderate increase in the incidence of chronic hepatitis B (the rate (Тpr.) equals to +1,09%. Despite the undeniable progress and success of HB vaccination, it should be mentioned that an estimated over 65% of unvaccinated adult population may form a cluster for the potential spread of the virus.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-63-66
S. A. Chernyak
Background. Having its multisystemic effect СOVID-19 leads to liver disfunction. Objective. To assess the functional state of the liver in patients with COVID-19 during the periods of circulation of different SARS-CoV 2 strains. Material and methods. The object of the study was 180 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at Grodno Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group (n=51) - those examined during the circulation of the Omicron strain (2022), the 2nd (n=129) – the patients who were treated over 2020-2021 (during the circulation of previous strains). The laboratory analysis included the assessment of biochemical and sonographic parameters. Results. In the first group, dyspeptic syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia were more often recorded. The patients of the second group had more pronounced manifestations of severe respiratory failure alongside with significantly more pronounced hyperenzymemia according to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level. Conclusions. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia, being significantly more common during the circulation of the Omicron strain, may be regarded as a manifestation of acute mixed-etiology reactive hepatitis. The predominance of hyperenzymemia due to AST during the circulation of other strains may be accounted for by the cytopathic effect of the virus and drug-induced liver damage.
{"title":"CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVER DAMAGE IN COVID-19","authors":"S. A. Chernyak","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-63-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-63-66","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Having its multisystemic effect СOVID-19 leads to liver disfunction. Objective. To assess the functional state of the liver in patients with COVID-19 during the periods of circulation of different SARS-CoV 2 strains. Material and methods. The object of the study was 180 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at Grodno Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group (n=51) - those examined during the circulation of the Omicron strain (2022), the 2nd (n=129) – the patients who were treated over 2020-2021 (during the circulation of previous strains). The laboratory analysis included the assessment of biochemical and sonographic parameters. Results. In the first group, dyspeptic syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia were more often recorded. The patients of the second group had more pronounced manifestations of severe respiratory failure alongside with significantly more pronounced hyperenzymemia according to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level. Conclusions. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia, being significantly more common during the circulation of the Omicron strain, may be regarded as a manifestation of acute mixed-etiology reactive hepatitis. The predominance of hyperenzymemia due to AST during the circulation of other strains may be accounted for by the cytopathic effect of the virus and drug-induced liver damage.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49061190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-67-73
R. Shyla, E. Mogilevets, K. S. Belyuk, I. G. Zhuk, O. S. Soroka, A. A. Denischik
Background. Liver echinococcosis is a parasitic liver disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The choice of surgical strategy for this pathology remains challenging. Objective. To analyze the received surgical outcomes in patients with liver echinococcosis. Material and methods. From 2012 to 2022, 27 patients with liver echinococcosis were treated in “Grodno University Clinic”. All patients underwent an extensive diagnostic evaluation that included a complex of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods as well as surgery. Results. All the patients underwent resections, including laparoscopic ones (25.9%). No post-operative complications and fatal outcomes were recorded. Conclusions. Patients with liver echinococcosis should be referred to specialized regional or republican hospitals. It is necessary that patients should undergo CT of the abdominal and chest cavities as well of the brain in search for additional foci. Preference should be given to minimally invasive surgical techniques. Negative serology test to echinococcosis does not rule out the presence of a parasite-induced lesions in a patient. The technique of total vascular isolation during surgery is preferable for resection of liver cysts with invasive growth into nearby large vessels.
{"title":"EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS","authors":"R. Shyla, E. Mogilevets, K. S. Belyuk, I. G. Zhuk, O. S. Soroka, A. A. Denischik","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-67-73","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Liver echinococcosis is a parasitic liver disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The choice of surgical strategy for this pathology remains challenging. Objective. To analyze the received surgical outcomes in patients with liver echinococcosis. Material and methods. From 2012 to 2022, 27 patients with liver echinococcosis were treated in “Grodno University Clinic”. All patients underwent an extensive diagnostic evaluation that included a complex of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods as well as surgery. Results. All the patients underwent resections, including laparoscopic ones (25.9%). No post-operative complications and fatal outcomes were recorded. Conclusions. Patients with liver echinococcosis should be referred to specialized regional or republican hospitals. It is necessary that patients should undergo CT of the abdominal and chest cavities as well of the brain in search for additional foci. Preference should be given to minimally invasive surgical techniques. Negative serology test to echinococcosis does not rule out the presence of a parasite-induced lesions in a patient. The technique of total vascular isolation during surgery is preferable for resection of liver cysts with invasive growth into nearby large vessels.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-89-92
N. A. Illarionova, S. S. Sleptsova
Background. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is an endemic region for chronic hepatitis D, where the detection rate of antibodies to the delta virus is 35% [3]. The urgency of the problem of HDV infection is also determined by its aggressive and rapidly progressive course. In 2019, Bulevirtide, a drug for the treatment of chronic delta hepatitis, was registered in Russia. Three randomized trials showed a high rate of virological, biochemical response, as well as good tolerability and safety. Objective – to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bulevirtide in the treatment of chronic HDV infection. Material and methods. A clinical case of a patient L. suffering from a chronic form of HDV infection receiving antiviral therapy is presented. Results. Bulevirtide demonstrated high efficacy, as evidenced by the development of a virological response during the first 14 weeks of therapy and a decrease in HDV RNA to an undetectable level within 29. Conclusions. It is necessary to widely introduce Bulevirtide for the treatment of patients with chronic delta hepatitis due to its high efficacy and safety.
{"title":"A CLINICAL CASE OF BULEVIRTIDE THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HDV-INFECTION","authors":"N. A. Illarionova, S. S. Sleptsova","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-89-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-89-92","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is an endemic region for chronic hepatitis D, where the detection rate of antibodies to the delta virus is 35% [3]. The urgency of the problem of HDV infection is also determined by its aggressive and rapidly progressive course. In 2019, Bulevirtide, a drug for the treatment of chronic delta hepatitis, was registered in Russia. Three randomized trials showed a high rate of virological, biochemical response, as well as good tolerability and safety. Objective – to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bulevirtide in the treatment of chronic HDV infection. Material and methods. A clinical case of a patient L. suffering from a chronic form of HDV infection receiving antiviral therapy is presented. Results. Bulevirtide demonstrated high efficacy, as evidenced by the development of a virological response during the first 14 weeks of therapy and a decrease in HDV RNA to an undetectable level within 29. Conclusions. It is necessary to widely introduce Bulevirtide for the treatment of patients with chronic delta hepatitis due to its high efficacy and safety.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-28-36
V. Andreev, V. Tsyrkunov, N. Prokopchik
Chronic liver disease is a complex multi-stage process involving many immune and non-immune cells. Understanding the pathology of many liver diseases requires knowledge of the cell biology of phagocytes. The review summarizes our current perception of the role of phagocyte cells of the innate immune system in chronic inflammation, with an emphasis on their interaction with inflammatory participants. A better understanding of the role of the cells in the innate immune response may serve as the basis for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of aseptic and infectious liver diseases. The purpose of the review is to visualize and summarize the current results of the study of the functions of professional liver phagocytes and their role in initiating the immune response in relation to inflammatory markers. Visualization of various cell types, in particular, professional phagocytes, was carried out using semi-thin sections prepared from specially fixed liver biopsies which made it possible to estimate their number and obtain data on changes in the surrounding tissue in pathological conditions. In addition to this method, the electron microscopic method made it possible to assess the state of intracellular structures. The review is supplemented by the results of our own studies obtained using these methods, with a special focus on phagocytes responsible for innate immunity.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS AND VISUALIZATION OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS OF THE IMMUNITY SYSTEM IN LIVER INFLAMMATION","authors":"V. Andreev, V. Tsyrkunov, N. Prokopchik","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic liver disease is a complex multi-stage process involving many immune and non-immune cells. Understanding the pathology of many liver diseases requires knowledge of the cell biology of phagocytes. The review summarizes our current perception of the role of phagocyte cells of the innate immune system in chronic inflammation, with an emphasis on their interaction with inflammatory participants. A better understanding of the role of the cells in the innate immune response may serve as the basis for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of aseptic and infectious liver diseases. The purpose of the review is to visualize and summarize the current results of the study of the functions of professional liver phagocytes and their role in initiating the immune response in relation to inflammatory markers. Visualization of various cell types, in particular, professional phagocytes, was carried out using semi-thin sections prepared from specially fixed liver biopsies which made it possible to estimate their number and obtain data on changes in the surrounding tissue in pathological conditions. In addition to this method, the electron microscopic method made it possible to assess the state of intracellular structures. The review is supplemented by the results of our own studies obtained using these methods, with a special focus on phagocytes responsible for innate immunity.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48093746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-15-20
N. Silivontchik, T. N. Yakubchyk, O. A. Zhigaltsova-Kuchinskaya
Congenital hereditary non-conjugate hyperbilirubinemias include Gilbert’s syndrome, Crigler-Najjar type 1 and Crigler-Najjar type 2 syndromes (or Arias’ disease). They are caused by a hereditary deficiency of the enzyme - bilirubinuridine-5’-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), involved in the glucuronization of bilirubin. The enzyme deficiency is due to mutations in the UGT1A1 gene, which provides UGT1A1 activity. Complete or almost complete loss of (Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1) or decreased UGT1A1 activity (Gilbert’s syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2) lead to impaired conversion of bilirubin in the liver with the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. Syndromes are distinguished by the level of bilirubin in blood plasma, the reaction to the introduction of phenobarbital, the presence or absence of bilirubin glucuronides in bile.
{"title":"HEREDITARY UNCONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA","authors":"N. Silivontchik, T. N. Yakubchyk, O. A. Zhigaltsova-Kuchinskaya","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-15-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-15-20","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital hereditary non-conjugate hyperbilirubinemias include Gilbert’s syndrome, Crigler-Najjar type 1 and Crigler-Najjar type 2 syndromes (or Arias’ disease). They are caused by a hereditary deficiency of the enzyme - bilirubinuridine-5’-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), involved in the glucuronization of bilirubin. The enzyme deficiency is due to mutations in the UGT1A1 gene, which provides UGT1A1 activity. Complete or almost complete loss of (Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1) or decreased UGT1A1 activity (Gilbert’s syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2) lead to impaired conversion of bilirubin in the liver with the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. Syndromes are distinguished by the level of bilirubin in blood plasma, the reaction to the introduction of phenobarbital, the presence or absence of bilirubin glucuronides in bile.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-43-47
V. М. Sheybak, A. V. Lemesh, I. Nikolaeva, R. Yakubtsevich, O. Ostrovskaya
Background. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the human body, antimicrobial drugs intake being one of the main factors affecting microbiota composition. Antibiotics suppress normal intestinal microflora allowing for the growth and development of pathogenic flora. Objective. To study the effect of meropenem and imicenem on the microbiocenosis and morphology of the small intestine in rats. Material and methods. In an experiment on rats, we analysed the microbiocenosis of the large intestine after intraperitoneal administration of meropenem, imicinem and 0.9% NaCl, as well as examined samples of the small intestine. Results. In a comparative analysis of the control group with the meropenem and imicinem groups, there has been noted a decrease in the number of anaerobes in the meropenem group (8.6±0.14, p<0.05) as compared with the control group (9.4±0.22, p<0 .05) and the imicinem group (9.4±0.40, p<0.05); the number of bifidobacteria decreased in the meropenem group (8.1±0.16, p<0.05) in contrast to the control group (9.2±0.25, p<0.05) and the imicinem group (9.2±0.41, p<0.05). When compared with meropenem (3.8±0.44, p<0.05), imicinem (4.9±0.20, p<0.05) led to a greater growth of spore-forming anaerobes. In animals of the imicinem group, the histostructure of the jejunal mucosa was similar to the control group, while in the meropenem group, inflammatory changes in the stroma of the villi of the jejunal mucosa were observed. Conclusions. In a comparative analysis of carbapenem activity, it has been determined that these antibiotics both have a significant effect on the microbiocenosis of the large intestine and affect the mucous wall of the small intestine. These should be taken into account by clinicians in order to improve the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic therapy.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MEROPENEM AND IMICENEM ON MICROBIOCENOSIS AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN RATS","authors":"V. М. Sheybak, A. V. Lemesh, I. Nikolaeva, R. Yakubtsevich, O. Ostrovskaya","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-43-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-43-47","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the human body, antimicrobial drugs intake being one of the main factors affecting microbiota composition. Antibiotics suppress normal intestinal microflora allowing for the growth and development of pathogenic flora. Objective. To study the effect of meropenem and imicenem on the microbiocenosis and morphology of the small intestine in rats. Material and methods. In an experiment on rats, we analysed the microbiocenosis of the large intestine after intraperitoneal administration of meropenem, imicinem and 0.9% NaCl, as well as examined samples of the small intestine. Results. In a comparative analysis of the control group with the meropenem and imicinem groups, there has been noted a decrease in the number of anaerobes in the meropenem group (8.6±0.14, p<0.05) as compared with the control group (9.4±0.22, p<0 .05) and the imicinem group (9.4±0.40, p<0.05); the number of bifidobacteria decreased in the meropenem group (8.1±0.16, p<0.05) in contrast to the control group (9.2±0.25, p<0.05) and the imicinem group (9.2±0.41, p<0.05). When compared with meropenem (3.8±0.44, p<0.05), imicinem (4.9±0.20, p<0.05) led to a greater growth of spore-forming anaerobes. In animals of the imicinem group, the histostructure of the jejunal mucosa was similar to the control group, while in the meropenem group, inflammatory changes in the stroma of the villi of the jejunal mucosa were observed. Conclusions. In a comparative analysis of carbapenem activity, it has been determined that these antibiotics both have a significant effect on the microbiocenosis of the large intestine and affect the mucous wall of the small intestine. These should be taken into account by clinicians in order to improve the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42068743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-6-14
Yakusevich V. V.
The article covers basic information on the comparative evaluation of drugs efficacy and safety from the standpoint of both clinical experience and evidence-based medicine. It is emphasized that despite all its advantages evidencebased medicine does not contradict the "opinion-based medicine". There have been presented the basic rules for conducting randomized clinical trials referred to as the most modern method of evidence collection. The main criteria of evidence are described. At the same time, it is emphasized that evidence-based medicine has its drawbacks. The main of them - is inability to transfer the results obtained in a clinical trial to the treatment of all patients with the disease in question. The principle of comparing results between clinical trial and real-world data (RWD / RWE) is described – the project RCT DUPLICATE. The author’s opinion on the main drawbacks in conducting and reporting clinical trials is presented. A number of ethical issues in clinical trials is evaluated. The author claims that the selection of optimal treatment strategy for a particular patient should rely on combination of evidence-based medicine, clinical experience, and historical data as well.
{"title":"EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE: OBVIOUS BENEFITS AND HIDDEN DRAWBACKS","authors":"Yakusevich V. V.","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2023-7-1-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers basic information on the comparative evaluation of drugs efficacy and safety from the standpoint of both clinical experience and evidence-based medicine. It is emphasized that despite all its advantages evidencebased medicine does not contradict the \"opinion-based medicine\". There have been presented the basic rules for conducting randomized clinical trials referred to as the most modern method of evidence collection. The main criteria of evidence are described. At the same time, it is emphasized that evidence-based medicine has its drawbacks. The main of them - is inability to transfer the results obtained in a clinical trial to the treatment of all patients with the disease in question. The principle of comparing results between clinical trial and real-world data (RWD / RWE) is described – the project RCT DUPLICATE. The author’s opinion on the main drawbacks in conducting and reporting clinical trials is presented. A number of ethical issues in clinical trials is evaluated. The author claims that the selection of optimal treatment strategy for a particular patient should rely on combination of evidence-based medicine, clinical experience, and historical data as well.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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