Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare, benign, idiopathic condition, which occurs predominantly in women of child-bearing age. It is characterized by asymptomatic, hyperkeratotic, verrucous plaques, and either unilateral or bilateral over the nipple and areola. It has to be differentiated from Darier disease, seborrheic keratosis, atopic dermatitis, Paget's disease, frictional hyperkeratosis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Fused rete ridges, compact orthohyperkeratosis, and filiform papillomatosis are seen on histopathology. Dermoscopy shows keratotic structureless areas with brownish clods. There is no specific treatment, long-term use of calcipotriol and keratolytic agents for more than 6 months, and surgical therapy is recommended. This case is reported to highlight the use of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of NHNA.
{"title":"Nevoid Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple – A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"B. Kumar, S. Somaiah","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_59_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_59_21","url":null,"abstract":"Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare, benign, idiopathic condition, which occurs predominantly in women of child-bearing age. It is characterized by asymptomatic, hyperkeratotic, verrucous plaques, and either unilateral or bilateral over the nipple and areola. It has to be differentiated from Darier disease, seborrheic keratosis, atopic dermatitis, Paget's disease, frictional hyperkeratosis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Fused rete ridges, compact orthohyperkeratosis, and filiform papillomatosis are seen on histopathology. Dermoscopy shows keratotic structureless areas with brownish clods. There is no specific treatment, long-term use of calcipotriol and keratolytic agents for more than 6 months, and surgical therapy is recommended. This case is reported to highlight the use of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of NHNA.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46931855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been associated with skin diseases such as psoriasis. They share a common inflammatory pathway and therefore have an impact on each other. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of MS and its individual components in psoriasis patients to that of the controls and to compare the characteristics in psoriasis patients with and without the MS. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic plaque psoriasis were evaluated for the prevalence of MS and compared with the age- and sex-matched controls. Results: The study population belongs to the semi-urban region with a low socioeconomic status. The psoriatic cases showed male preponderance, and the majority of the subjects belonged to 31–40 years of age group. The mean psoriasis area severity index score among cases was 26.19 ± 10.8, and 92% of cases were with severe disease affecting the quality of life. MS was found to be statistically significant in cases. The cases with MS had a higher prevalence of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated fasting blood glucose levels, and hypertension. The presence of MS in psoriasis patients was statistically independent of the severity. Conclusions: Psoriasis patients should be periodically evaluated for metabolic syndrome to prevent the associated mortalities and for their effective management.
{"title":"Psoriasis and its association with metabolic syndrome: A case–Control study at a tertiary care center in a semi-Urban region of South India","authors":"Akshay Samagani, H. Yadalla, P. Belliappa","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_33_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_33_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been associated with skin diseases such as psoriasis. They share a common inflammatory pathway and therefore have an impact on each other. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of MS and its individual components in psoriasis patients to that of the controls and to compare the characteristics in psoriasis patients with and without the MS. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic plaque psoriasis were evaluated for the prevalence of MS and compared with the age- and sex-matched controls. Results: The study population belongs to the semi-urban region with a low socioeconomic status. The psoriatic cases showed male preponderance, and the majority of the subjects belonged to 31–40 years of age group. The mean psoriasis area severity index score among cases was 26.19 ± 10.8, and 92% of cases were with severe disease affecting the quality of life. MS was found to be statistically significant in cases. The cases with MS had a higher prevalence of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated fasting blood glucose levels, and hypertension. The presence of MS in psoriasis patients was statistically independent of the severity. Conclusions: Psoriasis patients should be periodically evaluated for metabolic syndrome to prevent the associated mortalities and for their effective management.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sharma, Amandeep Saluja, S. Meena, Kalpana Gupta
Dermatophyte infections are one of the first known fungal infections of humankind and are most common throughout the world. The antifungal therapies over the past 30 years have improved, but the phenomenon of antifungal resistance is still of major concern. Combination therapies can show great promise in overcoming this problem to broaden the spectrum of activity, enhance the rate or extent of killing, and minimize the development of resistance. To find out the therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole versus itraconazole with terbinafine for the treatment of dermatophytosis. A prospective study was conducted for a duration of 1 year on 64 patients diagnosed with dermatophytosis and was randomly divided into two groups. Group A was given oral itraconazole whereas Group B received oral itraconazole and oral terbinafine for 4 weeks along with levocetirizine daily for 2 weeks and miconazole 2% topically for 6 weeks. The measurability criteria were done on detailed clinical examination (itching, erythema, size, number, scaling, and margin) and through photographic assessment. The mean difference and standard deviation of total scores for group A were 10.12 ± 4.09 and for group B were 9.94 and 3.75, respectively. The P value was not significant (P = 0.78). Out of 64 cases, 3 (5%) patients complained of gastric discomfort, 2 (3%) patients complained of nausea, and 1 (1%) of dizziness. This study revealed that there was a highly significant improvement in both groups with no significant difference in their clinical criteria.
{"title":"A Randomized Control Study of Oral Itraconazole versus Itraconazole with Terbinafine in the Treatment of Dermatophytosis","authors":"D. Sharma, Amandeep Saluja, S. Meena, Kalpana Gupta","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_21","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophyte infections are one of the first known fungal infections of humankind and are most common throughout the world. The antifungal therapies over the past 30 years have improved, but the phenomenon of antifungal resistance is still of major concern. Combination therapies can show great promise in overcoming this problem to broaden the spectrum of activity, enhance the rate or extent of killing, and minimize the development of resistance. To find out the therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole versus itraconazole with terbinafine for the treatment of dermatophytosis. A prospective study was conducted for a duration of 1 year on 64 patients diagnosed with dermatophytosis and was randomly divided into two groups. Group A was given oral itraconazole whereas Group B received oral itraconazole and oral terbinafine for 4 weeks along with levocetirizine daily for 2 weeks and miconazole 2% topically for 6 weeks. The measurability criteria were done on detailed clinical examination (itching, erythema, size, number, scaling, and margin) and through photographic assessment. The mean difference and standard deviation of total scores for group A were 10.12 ± 4.09 and for group B were 9.94 and 3.75, respectively. The P value was not significant (P = 0.78). Out of 64 cases, 3 (5%) patients complained of gastric discomfort, 2 (3%) patients complained of nausea, and 1 (1%) of dizziness. This study revealed that there was a highly significant improvement in both groups with no significant difference in their clinical criteria.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rakowska, L. Rudnicka, M. Olszewska, B. Bergler-Czop, J. Czuwara, L. Brzezińska-Wcisło, J. Narbutt, W. Placek, Barbara Zegarska
The treatment goal in alopecia areata is induction of hair regrowth and halting the progression of the disease. Treatment decisions depend on the severity of the alopecia areata as assessed by the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) or the Alopecia Areata Scale (AAS). In mild alopecia areata, very ultra-high potency topical glucocorticoids and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide are the mainstay of treatment. In moderate to severe alopecia areata, systemic treatment is usually required. Currently, the only drug dedicated for alopecia areata, approved in Europe and the United States is baricitinib. Ritlecitinib, a JAK3/TEC inhibitor is expected to be the second approved drug for this indication in the up-coming future. Other systemic medications used in alopecia areata also include glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Contact immunotherapy may be considered. In alopecia areata, long-maintenance treatment is of substantial significance.
{"title":"Alopecia areata. Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations\u0000of the Polish Society of Dermatology. Part 2: Treatment","authors":"A. Rakowska, L. Rudnicka, M. Olszewska, B. Bergler-Czop, J. Czuwara, L. Brzezińska-Wcisło, J. Narbutt, W. Placek, Barbara Zegarska","doi":"10.5114/dr.2023.127705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2023.127705","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment goal in alopecia areata is induction of hair regrowth and halting the progression of the disease. Treatment decisions depend on the severity of the alopecia areata as assessed by the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) or the Alopecia Areata Scale (AAS). In mild alopecia areata, very ultra-high potency topical glucocorticoids and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide are the mainstay of treatment. In moderate to severe alopecia areata, systemic treatment is usually required. Currently, the only drug dedicated for alopecia areata, approved in Europe and the United States is baricitinib. Ritlecitinib, a JAK3/TEC inhibitor is expected to be the second approved drug for this indication in the up-coming future. Other systemic medications used in alopecia areata also include glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Contact immunotherapy may be considered. In alopecia areata, long-maintenance treatment is of substantial significance.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77255960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inverse psoriasis in a patient with a history\u0000of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus","authors":"I. Staniszewska, A. Kalińska-Bienias","doi":"10.5114/dr.2023.127664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2023.127664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80033860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Primary dermatological disorders which are frequently exacerbated by stress and whose course is affected by the psychological state of the patient are called psychophysiologic or psychosomatic diseases. Psychosocial stress plays a major role in the onset and/or aggravation of these skin diseases. A close relationship between the skin and the mind mediated via hormones and neurotransmitters and altered cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis by psychological stress constitute the basic psychopathology. The common skin conditions precipitated/aggravated by stress include psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, alopecia areata, urticaria, lichen planus, prurigo, seborrheic dermatitis, and hyperhidrosis. These cutaneous diseases often have a chronic, unpredictable course with multiple remissions and relapses leading to significant psychiatric morbidity, and disease-related stress further acts as an aggravating factor for the cutaneous disease leading to a vicious cycle. Increased awareness about these psychophysiologic diseases among dermatologists has helped to incorporate psychotherapeutic treatment in the form of psychotropic drugs and nonpharmacological interventions in the management of these patients. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of dermatologists along with psychiatrists and psychologists in a liaison framework has proven useful for these patients.
{"title":"Stress and Common Dermatological Disorders: The Psychophysiological Dermatoses","authors":"Nupur Goyal, Smitha S Prabhu","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Primary dermatological disorders which are frequently exacerbated by stress and whose course is affected by the psychological state of the patient are called psychophysiologic or psychosomatic diseases. Psychosocial stress plays a major role in the onset and/or aggravation of these skin diseases. A close relationship between the skin and the mind mediated via hormones and neurotransmitters and altered cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis by psychological stress constitute the basic psychopathology. The common skin conditions precipitated/aggravated by stress include psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, alopecia areata, urticaria, lichen planus, prurigo, seborrheic dermatitis, and hyperhidrosis. These cutaneous diseases often have a chronic, unpredictable course with multiple remissions and relapses leading to significant psychiatric morbidity, and disease-related stress further acts as an aggravating factor for the cutaneous disease leading to a vicious cycle. Increased awareness about these psychophysiologic diseases among dermatologists has helped to incorporate psychotherapeutic treatment in the form of psychotropic drugs and nonpharmacological interventions in the management of these patients. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of dermatologists along with psychiatrists and psychologists in a liaison framework has proven useful for these patients.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sir, Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei (LMDF) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory dermatosis of ambiguous etiology. It is clinically characterized by monomorphic papules predominantly on the face, which leave pigmented scars and is usually self-limiting. It is one of the intriguing granulomatous disorders in dermatology with numerous synonyms. Here, we discuss two such cases, who presented to us in the past 1 year. A 31-year-old male presented to our outpatient department with multiple asymptomatic skin-colored raised lesions on the face for 2 months, which were progressively increasing in size and number. There was no history of photosensitivity. There was no history suggestive of Hansen’s disease. Systemic examination was normal. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple, discrete, firm skin-colored to erythematous papules and nodules over infraorbital region, malar area, nose, and earlobes [Figure 1a and b]. Apple-jelly nodule-like appearance was not appreciated on diascopy. There was no perilesional erythema or telangiectasia. There were no other lesions elsewhere on the body.Figure 1: (a) Multiple discrete erythematous to skin-colored papules and nodules over cheeks and nose in the first patient, (b) papules over earlobe, (c and d) multiple skin-colored dome-shaped papules distributed symmetrically over periorbital area, nose, and earlobes in the second patientA 56-year-old male came with similar complaints of 6-month duration. On examination, there were multiple firm nontender dome-shaped skin-colored papules of size ranging from 2 to 4 mm diameter over forehead, periorbital region, nose, and ears [Figure 1c and d]. Surrounding skin was normal. Our differential diagnosis included acneiform eruption, sarcoidosis, LMDF, granulomatous rosacea, pseudolymphoma, and histoid Hansen’s disease. Routine investigations were within normal limits for both patients. Slit skin smear did not reveal any acid-fast bacilli. Mantoux test was negative, and chest X-ray was normal. Biopsy of a nodule from the right cheek revealed multiple well-defined granulomata in the dermis with a few Langhans giant cells in the first patient [Figure 2a-c]. Histopathology of papule from the second patient showed multiple well-defined granulomata with Langhans and foreign-body giant cells in the dermis with central caseation necrosis [Figure 3a-c]. Ziehl–Neelsen staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were negative for mycobacteria and fungi, respectively, in both patients. A diagnosis of LMDF was made, and both patients were started on systemic steroids 0.5 mg/kg per day which was gradually tapered over a few months. Most of the lesions resolved in about a year in the first patient and the second patient was lost for follow-up.Figure 2: (a) Multiple well-defined granulomata in the dermis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrate (H and E, ×40), (b) granuloma with multiple epithelioid cells, histiocytes, giant cells, and lymphocytes (H and E, ×100), (c) Langhans giant cell inside gra
{"title":"Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei – Lest we Forget: A Report of Two Cases","authors":"Yogindher Singh, Remya Raj Rajamohanan, Anand Mohanraj, Sheela Kuruvila","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_52_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"Sir, Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei (LMDF) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory dermatosis of ambiguous etiology. It is clinically characterized by monomorphic papules predominantly on the face, which leave pigmented scars and is usually self-limiting. It is one of the intriguing granulomatous disorders in dermatology with numerous synonyms. Here, we discuss two such cases, who presented to us in the past 1 year. A 31-year-old male presented to our outpatient department with multiple asymptomatic skin-colored raised lesions on the face for 2 months, which were progressively increasing in size and number. There was no history of photosensitivity. There was no history suggestive of Hansen’s disease. Systemic examination was normal. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple, discrete, firm skin-colored to erythematous papules and nodules over infraorbital region, malar area, nose, and earlobes [Figure 1a and b]. Apple-jelly nodule-like appearance was not appreciated on diascopy. There was no perilesional erythema or telangiectasia. There were no other lesions elsewhere on the body.Figure 1: (a) Multiple discrete erythematous to skin-colored papules and nodules over cheeks and nose in the first patient, (b) papules over earlobe, (c and d) multiple skin-colored dome-shaped papules distributed symmetrically over periorbital area, nose, and earlobes in the second patientA 56-year-old male came with similar complaints of 6-month duration. On examination, there were multiple firm nontender dome-shaped skin-colored papules of size ranging from 2 to 4 mm diameter over forehead, periorbital region, nose, and ears [Figure 1c and d]. Surrounding skin was normal. Our differential diagnosis included acneiform eruption, sarcoidosis, LMDF, granulomatous rosacea, pseudolymphoma, and histoid Hansen’s disease. Routine investigations were within normal limits for both patients. Slit skin smear did not reveal any acid-fast bacilli. Mantoux test was negative, and chest X-ray was normal. Biopsy of a nodule from the right cheek revealed multiple well-defined granulomata in the dermis with a few Langhans giant cells in the first patient [Figure 2a-c]. Histopathology of papule from the second patient showed multiple well-defined granulomata with Langhans and foreign-body giant cells in the dermis with central caseation necrosis [Figure 3a-c]. Ziehl–Neelsen staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were negative for mycobacteria and fungi, respectively, in both patients. A diagnosis of LMDF was made, and both patients were started on systemic steroids 0.5 mg/kg per day which was gradually tapered over a few months. Most of the lesions resolved in about a year in the first patient and the second patient was lost for follow-up.Figure 2: (a) Multiple well-defined granulomata in the dermis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrate (H and E, ×40), (b) granuloma with multiple epithelioid cells, histiocytes, giant cells, and lymphocytes (H and E, ×100), (c) Langhans giant cell inside gra","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nnamdi Sergius Ozor, Ifeoma Florence Ezejiofor, Ogochukwu Ifeanyichukwu Ezejiofor, Felix Emeka Menkiti, Kingsley C Madubuike, Chinedu Onwuka Ndukwe, Michael Emeka Chiemeka, Emeka Osonwa
Abstract Background: Skin malignancy rank among the most common malignancies involving both sexes. Basal cell carcinoma is reported as the commonest malignancy even though studies have implicated Squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest especially in the tropic regions of the world. Aims and Objectives: This study aims at determining the base line data, frequency and trends of malignant skin tumours in Nnewi, Nigeria. It also implores the use of World Health Organization (WHO) in classification of skin malignancy. Materials and Methods: This study reviewed all histologically diagnosed skin malignancies at Histopathology department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria from 2008 to 2017 and classified them using 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) skin tumour book. Results: A total of 387 skin biopsies were received in the Histopathology department during the study period. Out of these, 110 cases were malignant skin lesions (28.4%) majority were benign lesions. Keratinocytic or epidermal tumours were the most common (n: 54 cases; 49.1%) with squamous cell carcinoma being the commonest in the group (n: 34; 30.9%) followed by mesenchymal or soft tissue neoplasm (n:31 cases; 28.1%), melanocytic tumours (19.1%), skin adnexal tumour (2.7%) and haematolymphoid tumour (0.9%). The head and neck region (n: 49; 44.5%) was the commonest site of occurence of cutaneous neoplasms followed by lower limb (n: 32; 29.1%), groin (n:10; 9.1%), upper limb and trunk with 6 cases each (5.5%) Four (4) cases of Albinos with skin malignancies were seen in this research with a frequency of 3.6%. Fifty nine cases (53.6%) out of 110 malignant skin tumour were seen in males, while 51 (46.4%) of them were females, therefore the male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age of those with malignant skin tumours was 52.9 years. Patients above 60 years of age constituted 57.3% while those less than 30 years constituted 14.5 % of the total malignant skin tumours. Conclusion: The frequencies of different morphologic patterns of malignant skin tumours in our environment were different from those reported in western countries. However, it is similar to most studies done in the Midwestern Nigeria tertiary hospitals with squamous cell carcinoma being the commonest skin malignancy followed by kaposi sarcoma.
{"title":"Malignant Skin Tumors seen in Nigeria Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi: A 10-year Review (January 2008 to December 2017)","authors":"Nnamdi Sergius Ozor, Ifeoma Florence Ezejiofor, Ogochukwu Ifeanyichukwu Ezejiofor, Felix Emeka Menkiti, Kingsley C Madubuike, Chinedu Onwuka Ndukwe, Michael Emeka Chiemeka, Emeka Osonwa","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_59_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_59_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Skin malignancy rank among the most common malignancies involving both sexes. Basal cell carcinoma is reported as the commonest malignancy even though studies have implicated Squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest especially in the tropic regions of the world. Aims and Objectives: This study aims at determining the base line data, frequency and trends of malignant skin tumours in Nnewi, Nigeria. It also implores the use of World Health Organization (WHO) in classification of skin malignancy. Materials and Methods: This study reviewed all histologically diagnosed skin malignancies at Histopathology department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria from 2008 to 2017 and classified them using 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) skin tumour book. Results: A total of 387 skin biopsies were received in the Histopathology department during the study period. Out of these, 110 cases were malignant skin lesions (28.4%) majority were benign lesions. Keratinocytic or epidermal tumours were the most common (n: 54 cases; 49.1%) with squamous cell carcinoma being the commonest in the group (n: 34; 30.9%) followed by mesenchymal or soft tissue neoplasm (n:31 cases; 28.1%), melanocytic tumours (19.1%), skin adnexal tumour (2.7%) and haematolymphoid tumour (0.9%). The head and neck region (n: 49; 44.5%) was the commonest site of occurence of cutaneous neoplasms followed by lower limb (n: 32; 29.1%), groin (n:10; 9.1%), upper limb and trunk with 6 cases each (5.5%) Four (4) cases of Albinos with skin malignancies were seen in this research with a frequency of 3.6%. Fifty nine cases (53.6%) out of 110 malignant skin tumour were seen in males, while 51 (46.4%) of them were females, therefore the male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age of those with malignant skin tumours was 52.9 years. Patients above 60 years of age constituted 57.3% while those less than 30 years constituted 14.5 % of the total malignant skin tumours. Conclusion: The frequencies of different morphologic patterns of malignant skin tumours in our environment were different from those reported in western countries. However, it is similar to most studies done in the Midwestern Nigeria tertiary hospitals with squamous cell carcinoma being the commonest skin malignancy followed by kaposi sarcoma.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136304055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Darier disease is an autosomal dominant inherited skin disorder with complete penetrance and variable expressivity due to mutation in the ATP 2A2 gene. It usually develops from childhood and persists through adolescence. Late onset of this genodermatosis has been infrequently reported and found to have minimal findings compared to the classical cases. Classical disease presents with greasy keratotic yellowish-brown papules over the seborrheic areas with palmar pits and nail changes. We hereby report a case of late onset comedonal darier disease with extensive hypopigmented lesions, involvement of palms and nails which is rarely reported in this setting. A thorough review of literature was done and a compendium prepared of late onset darier and no other case report was found to have such extensive involvement as the case reported. It will be interesting to compare more such late onset cases to see if they have a common pattern which can suggest them to be a separate entity from the classical darier.
{"title":"A Compendium of Late-onset Darier with an Unusual Report","authors":"Bhavni Oberoi, Suhasini Chand, Divya Shelly, Reetu Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_35_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_35_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Darier disease is an autosomal dominant inherited skin disorder with complete penetrance and variable expressivity due to mutation in the ATP 2A2 gene. It usually develops from childhood and persists through adolescence. Late onset of this genodermatosis has been infrequently reported and found to have minimal findings compared to the classical cases. Classical disease presents with greasy keratotic yellowish-brown papules over the seborrheic areas with palmar pits and nail changes. We hereby report a case of late onset comedonal darier disease with extensive hypopigmented lesions, involvement of palms and nails which is rarely reported in this setting. A thorough review of literature was done and a compendium prepared of late onset darier and no other case report was found to have such extensive involvement as the case reported. It will be interesting to compare more such late onset cases to see if they have a common pattern which can suggest them to be a separate entity from the classical darier.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136304097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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