Agrokemia es Talajtan最新文献

{"title":"Thermal analysis of soils formed on limestone in the Bükk Mountains, North Hungary","authors":"E. Hofmann, T. Németh, A. Bidló","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present article discusses the applicability of thermoanalytical methods in the analysis of Hungarian soils formed on carbonate rocks. Up to now only limited mineralogical and soil chemical research has been done on these soils. Soils from the Bükk Mountains, the most varied limestone region in Hungary, were used for the investigations. The aim was to extend our incomplete knowledge on the mineral composition and formation processes of these soils and to demonstrate the possibilities and evaluation potential of thermoanalytical techniques. All the soils investigated were formed on limestone and had different surface soil thickness, influenced by the accumulation of silicate debris and the microterrain. The results of soil mineralogical analysis revealed an extraordinarily high proportion of quartz compared to that of other minerals (especially calcite), indicating that these soils could not have originated solely from the weathering of the limestone bedrock. The results also showed that thermoanalytical methods could complement classical chemical and instrumental (XRPD) methods in research on the genesis of soils formed on limestone.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of biological and chemical properties of arable and pasture Solonetz soils","authors":"R. K. Gangwar, M. Makádi, M. Fuchs, Á. Csorba, E. Micheli, I. Demeter, T. Szegi","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Soil samples were collected from salt-affected soils (Solonetz) under different land uses, namely arable (SnA) and pasture (SnP), to investigate the effects of land use on microbiological [basal soil respiration (BSR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and phosphatase activity] and chemical properties [organic carbon (OC), humic ratio (E4/E6), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), available forms of phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+)] and on the moisture content.\u0000 The results showed that the two sites, SnA and SnP, were statistically different from each other for all the microbiological and chemical parameters investigated except Na+ and moisture content. Higher values of MBC (575.67 μg g-1), BSR (9.71 μg CO2 g-1 soil h-1), DHA (332.76 μg formazan g-1 day-1) and phosphatase activity (0.161 μmol PNP g-1 hr-1) were observed for the SnP soil. Great heterogeneity was found in SnP in terms of microbiological properties, whereas the SnA plots showed more homogeneous microbiological activity due to ploughing. 75.34% of variance was explained by principal component one (PC1), which significantly separated SnA and SnP, especially on the basis of soil MBC and P2O5. Moreover, it was concluded that the pasture land (SnP) was microbiologically more active than arable land (SnA) among the Hungarian salt-affected soils investigated.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44410845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM10 emission from crop production and agricultural soils","authors":"N. Péterfalvi, Boglárka Keller, M. Magyar","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of particulate matter from agricultural sources is a worldwide environmental issue due to health concerns.\u0000 The main factors influencing PM10 emission from crop production are the origin of particles, the physical and chemical properties of soils, meteorological conditions, and the mechanical impacts of farm operations. Several studies have been made to determine PM10 emission factors for tillage operations, but these emission factors varied depending on soil properties, especially soil texture and water content, and environmental conditions (e.g. relative humidity, and variability in wind speed and direction). This is why the use of a single emission factor for a given tillage operation is inadequate.\u0000 To estimate the yearly amount of PM10 emitted from agricultural soils and crop production, emissions originating from different sources at different temporal division must be summarized. Because 56 % of the total territory of Hungary is cropland, relatively high PM10 emission occurs from crop production and agricultural soils. If this is to be reduced, research should focus on the identification of soil and environmental properties related to PM10 emission on characteristic Hungarian soils.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41708705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of alternative plant nutrition methods on soil microbial characteristics in long-term experiments","authors":"J. Kátai, T. Döring, Magdolna Tállai, A. Balla-Kovács, I. Henzsel, M. Makádi, Z. Sándor, I. Vágó","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The size of the arable land is constantly decreasing all over the world due to severe anthropogenic disorders. Plant production therefore has to be adapted to changing environmental conditions along with the proper selection of crop varieties and the application of sustainable environmental technologies which also consider economic aspects. The investigations were carried out in the Westsik long-term fertilization experiment near Nyíregyháza, East Hungary, which was set up in 1929 (89 years ago). Alternative forms of nutrient supplies (A) (green manure, straw with and without fermentation, organic fertilizer with and without inorganic fertilizer supplements) were used in different crop rotations. The test plant was potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the soil type sand with a low humus content (Arenosols). A further long-term experiment is located on calcareous chernozem soil (Chernozems) in Debrecen (set up in 1983, 35 years ago). In one part of this experiment, organic farming (OF) has been carried out with a pea, winter wheat and maize crop rotation for over 15 years with no inorganic fertilization. In another block in this experiment, changes in soil properties as a result of the medium and high doses of fertilizers applied in intensive farming (I) were evaluated with a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture as the test plant.\u0000 The results obtained with alternative nutrient supplies (green manure, fermented and unfermented straw, farmyard manure, fertilization) proved that the soil organic carbon content increased to varying degrees in humus-poor, acidic sand soil. The organic matter content of the soils increased in response to the treatments, contributing to a significant enhancement in soil microbial parameters (MBC, saccharase, dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activities).\u0000 The carbon dioxide production and saccharase enzyme activity in organic plots (OF) were significantly lower than in intensively farmed (I) soils. At the same time, in the case of organic farming (OF) the microbial biomass carbon, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity were significantly higher in OF plots than in I plots. Compared to the control soil, MBC was 7-8 times higher in organic plots and 1.3-3.8 times higher in intensive plots.\u0000 Organic farming on chernozem soil generally resulted in higher microbial activity (MBC, phosphatase, saccharase and dehydrogenase enzyme activity) than in either intensively farmed chernozem or in the case of alternative farming (A) on sandy soil.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46466794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term field fertilization experiment with energy willow (Salix sp.) − Elemental composition and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves","authors":"L. Simon, M. Makádi, G. Vincze, Z. Uri, Katalin Irinyiné Oláh, L. Zsombik, Szabolcs Vígh, Béla Szabó","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"A small-plot long-term field fertilization experiment was set up in 2011 with willow (Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. The brown forest soil was treated three times (in June 2011, May 2013, May 2016) with municipal biocompost (MBC), municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC) or willow ash (WA), and twice (June 2011, May 2013) with rhyolite tuff (RT). In late May – early June 2016 urea (U) and sulphuric urea (SU) fertilizers were also applied to the soil as top-dressing (TD). These fertilizers and amendments were also applied to the soil in 2016 in the combinations; MBC+SU, RT+SU, WA+SU and MSSC+WA. All the treatments were repeated four times. In July 2016 the highest nitrogen concentrations in willow leaves were measured in the U (3.47 m/m%) and SU (3.01 m/m%) treatments, and these values were significantly higher than the control (2.46 m/m%). An excess of nitrogen considerably reduced the Zn uptake of the leaves, with values of 39.5 μg g-1 in the U treatment, 53.4 μg g-1 in the SU treatment, and 63.5 μg g-1 in the control. All other amendments or TDs, except for WA, enhanced the specific potassium concentrations in willow leaves compared to the control. No significant quantities of toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were transported from soil amendments or TDs to the willow leaves. In July 2016 the most intensive leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was observed in the MSSC and MSSC+WA treatments.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42979234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic benefits of long-term trials","authors":"M. Jolánkai, Á. Tarnawa, Ferenc Nyárai, H., Z. Szentpétery, M. K. Kassai","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term trials are established in order to explore and observe plant and soil interrelationships in situ. Long-term trials can be described as live instruments providing ceteris paribus conditions in temporal sequences.\u0000 This review provides an introduction to major long-term trials in Hungary and in other parts of the world. It gives a brief summary of the origins of plant nutritional research, beginning with some data from Homer and the willow tree experiment of van Helmont, as well as the discovery of physiological processes by von Liebig, Lawes and Boussingault. The most profound long-term trials, like the Orto Botanico in Padova, the Linné Garden in Uppsala and the Broadbalk in Rothamsted are presented in the paper.\u0000 The agronomic, educational and scientific benefits of the major Hungarian long-term trials are also discussed, from Westsik (1929) to Martonvásár and the National Plant Nutrition Trials (OMTK) set up in 1963. There is a list of experimental sites giving information on the most important recent long-term trial locations and their activities.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of the sequential extraction procedure based on supercritical CO2 and subcritical H2O solvents for the estimation of the environmentally mobile potentially toxic element fractions of sediments and soils","authors":"Anita Takács, Anita Takács, Katalin Kovács, G. Halász, Z. Győri, I. Fekete, G. Heltai, M. Horváth","doi":"10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of environmental risk caused by pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTE) is usually carried out using the (3+1) step sequential extraction procedure suggested in 1993 by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). In the 1st step the water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate-bound element content is extracted with acetic acid. In 2002 a fractionation procedure based on the application of supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O and of a mixture of subcritical H2O/CO2 was proposed, which allowed the water-soluble and carbonatebound element contents to be extracted separately from sediment or soil samples weighed into the preparative column of a supercritical fluid extractor and diluted with quartz sand in a mass ratio of 1:20. The aim of the present study was to develop a new reduced-size column construction with which this dilution rate could be decreased to 1:2. A kinetic study was performed to determine the extraction time necessary for samples with different carbonate contents and the extracted element contents were compared to the results of the BCR sequential procedure on the same samples. It was established that fractionation using the reduced-size column may be a rapid way to obtain more reliable information on the easily mobilizable (watersoluble and carbonate-bound) PTE content of soils and sediments than was previously available to supplement BCR fractionation.","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47827332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talajművelési módok és a talaj agronómiai szerkezetének összefüggései","authors":"Bencsik Katalin","doi":"10.1556/agrokem.56.2007.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.56.2007.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"A talaj agronómiai szerkezetét a különböző művelési kezeléseket reprezentáló tartamkísérletben és lejtős területen, bakhátba és a hagyományosan vetett kukoricaállományban vizsgáltuk József-majorban.Az agronómiai szerkezet legkedvezőbb arányait (rög:morzsa:por=31:68:1) tavasszal a védőnövénnyel bevetett, szántott talajon kaptuk. A védőnövény hiánya kisebb eltérést mutatott, az arányok 33:65:2% szerint alakultak.Az agronómiai szerkezet a direktvetés esetében volt a legrosszabb mind a védőnövényes, mind a védőnövény nélküli kezelésben. A nyári vizsgálat idején a szántott, védőnövénnyel fedett talajban a rög:morzsa:por aránya 33:63:4%, és ehhez hasonlóan jó eredményt tapasztaltunk a lazított, a tárcsázott és a direktvetéssel hasznosított talajok esetében is. A különböző kezelésekben mért adatok szórásából arra következtethetünk, hogy a korábban gyakran bolygatott talajokban a morzsaregenerálódás még a kezdeti stádiumban van. Az eddigi eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a rögösödés és a porosodás kímélő műveléssel és a felszín takarásával előnyösen befolyásolható.A lejtős területen folytatott kísérletben azt tapasztaltuk, hogy a talaj felszínének kímélése jótékony az agronómiai szerkezet alakulására. A rög:morzsa:por a bakhátas művelésben 18:71:11%, a hagyományosan művelt talajban 38:55:7% volt. A bakhátas kísérletben kapott adatok a talajra hullott csapadékvíz helyben tartásának, az elsodródás, lefolyás megakadályozásának fontosságára irányítják a figyelmet.The agronomical structure of the soil was examined in two experiments. The first was a long-term experiment, including five different tillage treatments (ploughing, direct drilling, cultivation, disking, loosening and disking) in Józsefmajor, and the second a conventional and ridge tillage experiment on a sloping area. The agronomical structure was classified according to the aggregate size which was divided into three fractions (> 10 mm clod; 10–0.25 crumb; <0.25 dust). The physical status of the soil is better if the rate of the crumb fraction is higher.The physical status can be directly modified by tillage. Extreme clodding may occur if inappropriate tools are used for tillage in dry, severely compacted soil. Natural and human induced degradation processes and long-term mechanical stresses may cause dust formation in the soil. These two types of agronomical structure degradation are the most typical problems in Hungary, which can be solved through land use aimed at conservation and soil protection.The ploughed plot sown with a catch crop gave the best fraction rate (clod:crumb:dust=31:68:1) in spring. In treatments without a catch crop the result was a little lower, with a rate of 33:65:2%. The worst agronomical structure was found in the direct drilling plots with and without a catch crop. In summer the clod:crumb:dust rate in the ploughing treatment with a catch crop was 33:63:4%, but good results were also recorded in the loosening, disking and direct drilling treatments. It can be con","PeriodicalId":34893,"journal":{"name":"Agrokemia es Talajtan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67074638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}