The article explores the profession of the intercultural mediator (IM) in healthcare through the conceptual and terminological dilemmas that mark contemporary debate around this profession. Based on qualitative research with IMs in Slovenia, the article analyses the power relations that arise in the triadic situation (healthcare worker, patient, IM). In this context, we explore whether the bridge metaphor, which seems a common denominator in describing the role of IM, is appropriate for this profession. In order to explore this, we analyse the role of IM in relation to two "shores" that they are supposed to connect: the side of the patient and the side of healthcare workers. Paying attention to the power relations, we show how IM's loyalties to these two sides determine their role.
{"title":"Being a Bridge? Intercultural Mediation in Slovenian Healthcare","authors":"Uršula Lipovec Čebron, Juš Škraban","doi":"10.16995/ee.3103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3103","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the profession of the intercultural mediator (IM) in healthcare through the conceptual and terminological dilemmas that mark contemporary debate around this profession. Based on qualitative research with IMs in Slovenia, the article analyses the power relations that arise in the triadic situation (healthcare worker, patient, IM). In this context, we explore whether the bridge metaphor, which seems a common denominator in describing the role of IM, is appropriate for this profession. In order to explore this, we analyse the role of IM in relation to two \"shores\" that they are supposed to connect: the side of the patient and the side of healthcare workers. Paying attention to the power relations, we show how IM's loyalties to these two sides determine their role. ","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43472099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a few months in summer and autumn 2021 the eastern EU border has become a focus of media attention because of the political events accompanying thepresence of refugees from Middle East and Northern Africa there. In this Ethnographic snapshot I show the idiosyncrasy of this migration route and reflect on the situation of people who try to help the refugees, despite the criminalisation of help by the Polish state. The reaction of the European Union (or rather a lack thereof) is also thematised, as well as a range of anthropological questions which could be investigated along this old/new route.
{"title":"Europe in the woods. Reflections on the situation at the Polish-Belarusian border.","authors":"Agnieszka Halemba","doi":"10.16995/ee.8525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.8525","url":null,"abstract":"For a few months in summer and autumn 2021 the eastern EU border has become a focus of media attention because of the political events accompanying thepresence of refugees from Middle East and Northern Africa there. In this Ethnographic snapshot I show the idiosyncrasy of this migration route and reflect on the situation of people who try to help the refugees, despite the criminalisation of help by the Polish state. The reaction of the European Union (or rather a lack thereof) is also thematised, as well as a range of anthropological questions which could be investigated along this old/new route.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42913237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomedicalisation is related to the development of medicine, especially in the area of newtechnologies. A prominent role in this context is played by genetic research. One of the diseaseswhich have been identified as result of the development of genetic research is the LCHADdeficiency. This disease quite commonly occurs in Europe, in the countries of the Baltic Sea basin,and especially in Poland – among the Kashubians. I analyse the socio-cultural effects of thisdisease, popularly known as the “Kashubian gene”, based on the data gathered duringethnographic research conducted with this ethno-regional group between 2016-2017, as well ason the analysis of press and internet publications. I show that biomedicalisation is a complex,multidimensional, and ambiguous process. On the one hand, screening tests save lives byenabling early detection of the disease and its treatment. On the other hand, the effects ofbiomedicalisation extend beyond the original goal of diagnosis and treatment. Biomedicalisationaffects the management of genetic risk and is an element of control over one’s own destiny. Iargue that by identifying the LCHAD deficiency in the Kashubian population, genetics affectsthe image, stereotype, relations and social behaviour of this group. Genetic disease becomes akind of a stigma and a spoiled identity. I show that Kashubians do not yield to the effects ofbiomedicalisation, pointing out the stigmatising character of the term “Kashubian gene”, and alsochallenging the socio-cultural interpretation of the cause of the frequent occurrence of this disease,as given by the medical professionals (who point to endogamy and insufficient influx ofoutsiders).
{"title":"Socio-cultural effects of biomedicalisation - an example of LCHAD deficiency in the Kashubian population","authors":"A. Kwaśniewska","doi":"10.16995/ee.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1413","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedicalisation is related to the development of medicine, especially in the area of newtechnologies. A prominent role in this context is played by genetic research. One of the diseaseswhich have been identified as result of the development of genetic research is the LCHADdeficiency. This disease quite commonly occurs in Europe, in the countries of the Baltic Sea basin,and especially in Poland – among the Kashubians. I analyse the socio-cultural effects of thisdisease, popularly known as the “Kashubian gene”, based on the data gathered duringethnographic research conducted with this ethno-regional group between 2016-2017, as well ason the analysis of press and internet publications. I show that biomedicalisation is a complex,multidimensional, and ambiguous process. On the one hand, screening tests save lives byenabling early detection of the disease and its treatment. On the other hand, the effects ofbiomedicalisation extend beyond the original goal of diagnosis and treatment. Biomedicalisationaffects the management of genetic risk and is an element of control over one’s own destiny. Iargue that by identifying the LCHAD deficiency in the Kashubian population, genetics affectsthe image, stereotype, relations and social behaviour of this group. Genetic disease becomes akind of a stigma and a spoiled identity. I show that Kashubians do not yield to the effects ofbiomedicalisation, pointing out the stigmatising character of the term “Kashubian gene”, and alsochallenging the socio-cultural interpretation of the cause of the frequent occurrence of this disease,as given by the medical professionals (who point to endogamy and insufficient influx ofoutsiders).","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently food waste has been raised as a major sustainability problem: roughly one third of the food produced globally ends up lost or wasted. In this article, I analyse the ways interested citizens attach meaning to food waste reduction, based on eight qualitative interviews conducted with people attending a consumer education event in Helsinki in 2017. Adopting a discourse studies approach, I ask how the rationale of food waste reduction is constructed in the interviews. I present three discourses in which it is constructed and discuss a discursive change constructed in the data. I interpret the change as reconstituting the traditional cultural norm of not wasting food. It is connected to (hopes for) a wider sustainability transition and a related cultural change.
{"title":"Food waste reduction and discursive change: reconstituting the cultural norm of not wasting food","authors":"Liia-Maria Raippalinna","doi":"10.16995/ee.4804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.4804","url":null,"abstract":"Recently food waste has been raised as a major sustainability problem: roughly one third of the food produced globally ends up lost or wasted. In this article, I analyse the ways interested citizens attach meaning to food waste reduction, based on eight qualitative interviews conducted with people attending a consumer education event in Helsinki in 2017. Adopting a discourse studies approach, I ask how the rationale of food waste reduction is constructed in the interviews. I present three discourses in which it is constructed and discuss a discursive change constructed in the data. I interpret the change as reconstituting the traditional cultural norm of not wasting food. It is connected to (hopes for) a wider sustainability transition and a related cultural change.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49189481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can we understand and analytically grasp the practices that 'operate the state'? Departing in the contemporary focus on 'co-production' in governance regimes such as New Public Management (NPM) and New Public Governance (NPG), the paper critically discusses the foundation of governance studies where a basic distinction between governor and governed tends to be taken for granted and, consequently, left out of the understanding. Against this, it is argued that the Althusserian concept of interpellation installs a necessary connection between a superior Subject - often understood as 'the state' - and dependent subjects. Drawing on Hegel's concept of 'the universal class' ('der allgemeine Stand') and deploying the ethnologically-based life-mode theory, it is asserted that a state-subject can make up a coherent and resilient whole only by encompassing a viable 'civil servant life-mode'. The paper elaborates three principal dimensions of civil servant practices: 'policy-developing', 'operationalizing', and 'policy-implementing'. It presents two contemporary NPG projects in order to discuss, with these concepts, how governance processes operate, even when 'co-production' is a defining characteristic.
{"title":"Governance as civil servant practice(s). A theoretical and analytical contribution.","authors":"N. Nielsen","doi":"10.16995/ee.3004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3004","url":null,"abstract":"How can we understand and analytically grasp the practices that 'operate the state'? Departing in the contemporary focus on 'co-production' in governance regimes such as New Public Management (NPM) and New Public Governance (NPG), the paper critically discusses the foundation of governance studies where a basic distinction between governor and governed tends to be taken for granted and, consequently, left out of the understanding. Against this, it is argued that the Althusserian concept of interpellation installs a necessary connection between a superior Subject - often understood as 'the state' - and dependent subjects. Drawing on Hegel's concept of 'the universal class' ('der allgemeine Stand') and deploying the ethnologically-based life-mode theory, it is asserted that a state-subject can make up a coherent and resilient whole only by encompassing a viable 'civil servant life-mode'. The paper elaborates three principal dimensions of civil servant practices: 'policy-developing', 'operationalizing', and 'policy-implementing'. It presents two contemporary NPG projects in order to discuss, with these concepts, how governance processes operate, even when 'co-production' is a defining characteristic.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People that are released from prison experience 'life outside' as unpredictable and insecure. They are faced with stigmatization, poverty and feelings of alienation from the 'world outside.' Based on ethnographic research in the field of post-prison life, this paper asks how formerly incarcerated men act and position themselves within and around uncertain circumstances that characterize post-prison life. The paper introduces the concept of 'social navigation' as an epistemological tool for approaching post-prison life ethnographically. In doing so, it shows the potential of the concept of social navigation in understanding actor's social positioning and agency within unstable sociocultural landscapes and within a disrupted sociocultural order.
{"title":"Navigating post-prison life. Social positioning and agency in unstable circumstances","authors":"Barbara Sieferle","doi":"10.16995/ee.3386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3386","url":null,"abstract":"People that are released from prison experience 'life outside' as unpredictable and insecure. They are faced with stigmatization, poverty and feelings of alienation from the 'world outside.' Based on ethnographic research in the field of post-prison life, this paper asks how formerly incarcerated men act and position themselves within and around uncertain circumstances that characterize post-prison life. The paper introduces the concept of 'social navigation' as an epistemological tool for approaching post-prison life ethnographically. In doing so, it shows the potential of the concept of social navigation in understanding actor's social positioning and agency within unstable sociocultural landscapes and within a disrupted sociocultural order.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41365590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores notions of memory, heritage, and tradition and their respective domains vis-à-vis a reading of the museum exhibition Ingrians – The Forgotten Finns held at the National Museum of Finland in 2020. Ingrian Finns are a Finnish-speaking historical minority of Russia and the Soviet Union. This article's contributions are threefold. First, it produces new knowledge on contemporary memory culture surrounding Ingrian Finns' history, thus opening perspectives on memory issues relating to minority groups in general. Second, it provides knowledge on contemporary phenomena related to past presencing as both localised and globalized processes. Third, it provides knowledge on the ideologies and epistemologies associated with past presencing, and it promotes a dialog between research fields that center around on concepts of memory, heritage, and tradition.
{"title":"Exploring Memory, Heritage, and Tradition through the Museum Exhibition \"Ingrians – The Forgotten Finns\"","authors":"Ulla Savolainen, Nika Potinkara","doi":"10.16995/ee.3060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3060","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores notions of memory, heritage, and tradition and their respective domains vis-à-vis a reading of the museum exhibition Ingrians – The Forgotten Finns held at the National Museum of Finland in 2020. Ingrian Finns are a Finnish-speaking historical minority of Russia and the Soviet Union. This article's contributions are threefold. First, it produces new knowledge on contemporary memory culture surrounding Ingrian Finns' history, thus opening perspectives on memory issues relating to minority groups in general. Second, it provides knowledge on contemporary phenomena related to past presencing as both localised and globalized processes. Third, it provides knowledge on the ideologies and epistemologies associated with past presencing, and it promotes a dialog between research fields that center around on concepts of memory, heritage, and tradition.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44168004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Commission has recently identified cultural heritage as a focus area for EU cultural diplomacy. The article explores EU cultural diplomacy that deals with cultural heritage and develops the concept of heritage diplomacy based on a critical discourse analysis of interviews with EU officials and heritage practitioners working at sites awarded with the European Heritage Label. What do these actors mean by cultural diplomacy and how do they understand the role and potential of cultural heritage for it and with what effects? The analysis indicates that heritage diplomacy means different things for EU officials and heritage practitioners. Their discourses on the uses of cultural heritage for diplomacy constructs certain understandings of cultural heritage and heritage diplomacy, and the power relations between these understandings.
{"title":"Developing EU Heritage Diplomacy: Notions of Cultural Diplomacy, Cultural Heritage, and Intercultural Dialogue among EU Officials and European Heritage Practitioners","authors":"Tuuli Lähdesmäki","doi":"10.16995/EE.3039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.3039","url":null,"abstract":"The European Commission has recently identified cultural heritage as a focus area for EU cultural diplomacy. The article explores EU cultural diplomacy that deals with cultural heritage and develops the concept of heritage diplomacy based on a critical discourse analysis of interviews with EU officials and heritage practitioners working at sites awarded with the European Heritage Label. What do these actors mean by cultural diplomacy and how do they understand the role and potential of cultural heritage for it and with what effects? The analysis indicates that heritage diplomacy means different things for EU officials and heritage practitioners. Their discourses on the uses of cultural heritage for diplomacy constructs certain understandings of cultural heritage and heritage diplomacy, and the power relations between these understandings.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the role of women in the construction of modern Swedish subjectivity through their participation in both quotidian activities and their networks of relations. Taking the work of Barbro Klein as a point of departure, I argue that Swedish women of the fin de siècle worked within overlapping and interconnected women’s networks through which they fashioned their own responses to the pressures of modernity within particular configurations of gender. Combining the social and political, formal and informal, labor and leisure, they created spaces for alternate cultural, commercial and social responses. These spaces from which femininity was lived as a positionality in discourse and social practice challenge the false dichotomies of past–future and tradition–modernity which have been central to the disciplinary narrative of folklore studies.
{"title":"Neither Reform nor Rescue: \"Woman's Work,\" Ordinary Culture, and the Articulation of Modern Swedish Femininities","authors":"Joann Conrad","doi":"10.16995/ee.1896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1896","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of women in the construction of modern Swedish subjectivity through their participation in both quotidian activities and their networks of relations. Taking the work of Barbro Klein as a point of departure, I argue that Swedish women of the fin de siècle worked within overlapping and interconnected women’s networks through which they fashioned their own responses to the pressures of modernity within particular configurations of gender. Combining the social and political, formal and informal, labor and leisure, they created spaces for alternate cultural, commercial and social responses. These spaces from which femininity was lived as a positionality in discourse and social practice challenge the false dichotomies of past–future and tradition–modernity which have been central to the disciplinary narrative of folklore studies.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taking inspiration in Barbro Klein’s work, this article focuses on the production of a particular type of institutional lore that we call heritagelore. Heritagelore, as we are advancing the concept here, is composed of the discursive practices within the walls and the organizations of museums. It is the lore that shapes and at least partially structures the types of stories that directors, museum boards, curators, programing staff, and other museum personnel tell to one another about their institutions. As this article argues, the heritagelore of a museum legitimates certain curatorial perspectives, while making others more difficult to imagine.
{"title":"Heritagelore and an Introduction to the Thematic Issue on Culture and Heritage under Construction","authors":"Lizette Gradén, T. O'Dell, Tok Thompson","doi":"10.16995/ee.4373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.4373","url":null,"abstract":"Taking inspiration in Barbro Klein’s work, this article focuses on the production of a particular type of institutional lore that we call heritagelore. Heritagelore, as we are advancing the concept here, is composed of the discursive practices within the walls and the organizations of museums. It is the lore that shapes and at least partially structures the types of stories that directors, museum boards, curators, programing staff, and other museum personnel tell to one another about their institutions. As this article argues, the heritagelore of a museum legitimates certain curatorial perspectives, while making others more difficult to imagine. ","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67494026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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