{"title":"The Place of Culture(s) Revisited. Reading Konrad Köstlin's article \"Vanishing Borders and the Rise of Culture(s)\"","authors":"Nevena Škrbić Alempijević","doi":"10.16995/ee.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performances of the Holy Land for Christian pilgrims by Jewish-Israeli immigrant guides are an expression of belonging to place and history. Through auto-ethnography of my Guiding performance and career path interviews with other immigrant guides, I illustrate how scriptural knowledge, mastery of Hebrew, and the invention of “biblical” rites of hospitality mediate between Christian pilgrims and the land, as well as between Christians and Jews. These performances not only make pilgrims co-producers of the tour; they also assert guides’ claims to nativity. I then compare the performances of such guides with Alaskan cruise guides. I show how the Submission or resistance to the commodifying tourist gaze varies under different gazes, different power conditions, and given other “native” practices of asserting identity and belonging.
{"title":"MEDIATION AS A PRACTICE OF IDENTITY Jewish-Israeli Immigrant Guides in the Christian Holy Land","authors":"J. Feldman","doi":"10.16995/ee.1958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1958","url":null,"abstract":"The performances of the Holy Land for Christian pilgrims by Jewish-Israeli immigrant guides are an expression of belonging to place and history. Through auto-ethnography of my Guiding performance and career path interviews with other immigrant guides, I illustrate how scriptural knowledge, mastery of Hebrew, and the invention of “biblical” rites of hospitality mediate between Christian pilgrims and the land, as well as between Christians and Jews. These performances not only make pilgrims co-producers of the tour; they also assert guides’ claims to nativity. I then compare the performances of such guides with Alaskan cruise guides. I show how the Submission or resistance to the commodifying tourist gaze varies under different gazes, different power conditions, and given other “native” practices of asserting identity and belonging.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41700192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contact zone between groups of Christian pilgrims touring the Holy Land and the Jewish- Israeli tour guides leading these groups can become an area of intercultural intimacy, respect and mutuality, based on a form of shared understanding, despite the cultural differences. Thus, after making sense of the piecemeal and practical notion of “shared understanding” that develops in the day-to-day interaction between the guide and the pilgrims, three practical mediation techniques that are commonly used by guides, are identified through observations and interviews with guides regarding their practical handling of cross-cultural and ethical difficulties. These techniques, channeled into guiding practices, enable guides to engage other religions while fostering Relations of intimacy.
{"title":"THE INTIMACY OF MEDIATION Jewish Guides in the Contact Zone of Christian Holy Land Pilgrimage","authors":"A. Ron, Yotam Lurie","doi":"10.16995/EE.1959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1959","url":null,"abstract":"The contact zone between groups of Christian pilgrims touring the Holy Land and the Jewish- \u0000Israeli tour guides leading these groups can become an area of intercultural intimacy, respect and mutuality, based on a form of shared understanding, despite the cultural differences. Thus, after making sense of the piecemeal and practical notion of “shared understanding” that develops in the day-to-day interaction between the guide and the pilgrims, three practical mediation techniques that are commonly used by guides, are identified through observations and interviews with guides regarding their practical handling of cross-cultural and ethical difficulties. These techniques, channeled into guiding practices, enable guides to engage other religions while fostering Relations of intimacy.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48153420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on ethnographic research in the Indian Ocean island of La Reunion, the article explores how tour guides transform the banalities of local everyday life into deeply moving tourist stories, and by that means position themselves as social characters within a wider tourism cosmology. At times they become actual extensions of the projected magical qualities of the destinations, at times enlightened mediators of a post-traditional condition in which a common global humanity melts into a perpetual movement of creolisation.
{"title":"KITCHEN BANALITIES INTO TOURIST MAGIC Tourism Cosmology and Tour Guide Mediation in La Réunion","authors":"D. Picard","doi":"10.16995/EE.1957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1957","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on ethnographic research in the Indian Ocean island of La Reunion, the article explores how tour guides transform the banalities of local everyday life into deeply moving tourist stories, and by that means position themselves as social characters within a wider tourism cosmology. At times they become actual extensions of the projected magical qualities of the destinations, at times enlightened mediators of a post-traditional condition in which a common global humanity melts into a perpetual movement of creolisation.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67493042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This special issue devotes comparative and ethnographic attention to the topic of the tour guide as cultural mediator. Based on studies in a panoply of countries (UK, Israel, Peru, Cuba, Reunion, Germany) and sites (museums, pilgrimages, casual street-guiding, mountain treks, folkloric displays), we demonstrate how various settings, power relations, and tourist gazes enable or constrain intercultural guiding performances. Tour guides embody a wide range of roles, cultures and positions on the tourism stage. Their presentation of 'their' culture to others carries a certain authority and implicates them in positions towards aspects of their own culture and those of the tourists that they may come to acknowledge, appreciate or resist over time. Thus, approaching tour guides as cultural mediators offers new insights into the anthropology of tourism and cultural contact as a whole.
{"title":"TOUR GUIDES AS CULTURAL MEDIATORS Performance and Positioning","authors":"J. Feldman, Jonathan Skinner","doi":"10.16995/ee.1955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1955","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue devotes comparative and ethnographic attention to the topic of the tour guide as cultural mediator. Based on studies in a panoply of countries (UK, Israel, Peru, Cuba, Reunion, Germany) and sites (museums, pilgrimages, casual street-guiding, mountain treks, folkloric displays), we demonstrate how various settings, power relations, and tourist gazes enable or constrain intercultural guiding performances. Tour guides embody a wide range of roles, cultures and positions on the tourism stage. Their presentation of 'their' culture to others carries a certain authority and implicates them in positions towards aspects of their own culture and those of the tourists that they may come to acknowledge, appreciate or resist over time. Thus, approaching tour guides as cultural mediators offers new insights into the anthropology of tourism and cultural contact as a whole.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41314822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper I extend the anthropological analyses of “new” solidarity (allileggii) networks or movements in Greece to rural regions and agricultural life as well as new groups of people. Food networks such as the “potato movement”, which facilitates the direct sales of agricultural produce, reveals rural aspects of networks that are thought to be simply urban phenomena. “Social kitchens” are revealed to be humanistic as well as nationalistic, bringing refugees, economic migrants, and Greeks together in arguably unprecedented ways. Through a review of such food solidarity movements – their rural or urban boundaries as well as their egalitarian or multicultural tenets – I consider whether they are thus more than mere extensions of earlier patterns of social solidarity identified in the anthropological record.
{"title":"“NEW” GREEK FOOD SOLIDARITIES (ALLILEGGIÍ) Communalism vis-à-vis Food in Crisis Greece","authors":"James P. Verinis","doi":"10.16995/ee.1953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1953","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I extend the anthropological analyses of “new” solidarity (allileggii) networks or \u0000movements in Greece to rural regions and agricultural life as well as new groups of people. Food networks such as the “potato movement”, which facilitates the direct sales of agricultural produce, reveals rural aspects of networks that are thought to be simply urban phenomena. “Social kitchens” are revealed to be humanistic as well as nationalistic, bringing refugees, economic migrants, and Greeks together in arguably unprecedented ways. Through a review of such food solidarity movements – their rural or urban boundaries as well as their egalitarian or multicultural tenets – I consider whether they are thus more than mere extensions of earlier patterns of social solidarity identified in the anthropological record.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE MECHANICS AND MECHANISMS OF TOURISM BROKERING","authors":"Noel B. Salazar","doi":"10.16995/ee.1963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article will examine the relationships between urban space and social movements in times of economic crisis in Athens, Greece. I will focus my attention on the impact that the Syntagma square movement had on those grassroots mobilizations, which precipitated at a local level as soon as the occupation of the Parliament’s square ended in summer 2011. Accordingly, the anti-authoritarian neighbourhood of Exarchia will provide the spatial setting for pointing out how, starting from “the origin of the conflict,” which occurred in December 2008, joie de vivre (Leontidou 2014) is reflected in practices of resistance. I will briefly depict two empirical cases, the time-banking system and the Social Solidarity Network, in order to finally recount Athens as a relevant hub for incubating social movements.
{"title":"FROM EXARCHIA TO SYNTAGMA SQUARE AND BACK The City as a Hub for Strategies of Resistance against Austerity","authors":"Monia Cappuccini","doi":"10.16995/ee.1952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1952","url":null,"abstract":"This article will examine the relationships between urban space and social movements in times of economic crisis in Athens, Greece. I will focus my attention on the impact that the Syntagma square movement had on those grassroots mobilizations, which precipitated at a local level as soon as the occupation of the Parliament’s square ended in summer 2011. Accordingly, the anti-authoritarian neighbourhood of Exarchia will provide the spatial setting for pointing out how, starting from “the origin of the conflict,” which occurred in December 2008, joie de vivre (Leontidou 2014) is reflected in practices of resistance. I will briefly depict two empirical cases, the time-banking system and the Social Solidarity Network, in order to finally recount Athens as a relevant hub for incubating social movements.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47813004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ETHNOLOGIA EUROPAEA 48:2 Introduction The Urubamba Valley, better known as the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is one of Peru’s main tourist regions. Located in the southeast of the country, between the city of Cusco and Peru’s tourist flagship of Machu Picchu, it offers a wide variety of attractions to entertain tourists: beautiful nature and ecosystems, Inca ruins, colonial architecture, museums, the so-called living cultures of indigenous people, and outdoor activities such as hiking, hang gliding and canoeing. It is not without reason that an increasing number of national and international tourists visit the region. During the last decade, the annual number of international visitors arriving in Peru grew from almost 1.5 million in 2004 to 3.5 million in 2015. The number of tourists visiting Machu Picchu increased from 453,000 to 971,000 in the same period. An important tourist service in this area is the guided tour. Excursions of one or multiple days are offered all along the tourist route between the city of Cusco and the ruins of Machu Picchu. For tourists, these tours are an efficient and safe way of sightseeing. On the famous Inca Trail, the state obliges visitors to go on guided tours. One of the tourist villages in the Sacred Valley that is heavily dependent on guided tours is Chinchero. Here, In Peru, in the tourist village of Chinchero located in the Machu Picchu region, tourism is often organized through guided excursions. This article deals with the complex relationships that urban male guides maintain with the local, often Quechua-speaking, women of Chinchero. These women have opened workshops where they offer tourists demonstrations of their weaving art as well as weavings to purchase in an atmosphere created to simulate the Andean home. To a large extent, the women depend on male guides to bring tourists to their workshops, and pay them commissions. Based on frequent field visits, informal conversations, interviews, participation and a survey, the study demonstrates how gender and ethnic inequalities are replicated through interactions between weavers and guides.
{"title":"Women Weavers and Male Tour Guides. Gender, Ethnicity and Power Inequalities in the Selling of Handicrafts in the Sacred Valley of Peru","authors":"A. Ypeij, E. Krah, F. V. Hout","doi":"10.16995/ee.1960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1960","url":null,"abstract":"ETHNOLOGIA EUROPAEA 48:2 Introduction The Urubamba Valley, better known as the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is one of Peru’s main tourist regions. Located in the southeast of the country, between the city of Cusco and Peru’s tourist flagship of Machu Picchu, it offers a wide variety of attractions to entertain tourists: beautiful nature and ecosystems, Inca ruins, colonial architecture, museums, the so-called living cultures of indigenous people, and outdoor activities such as hiking, hang gliding and canoeing. It is not without reason that an increasing number of national and international tourists visit the region. During the last decade, the annual number of international visitors arriving in Peru grew from almost 1.5 million in 2004 to 3.5 million in 2015. The number of tourists visiting Machu Picchu increased from 453,000 to 971,000 in the same period. An important tourist service in this area is the guided tour. Excursions of one or multiple days are offered all along the tourist route between the city of Cusco and the ruins of Machu Picchu. For tourists, these tours are an efficient and safe way of sightseeing. On the famous Inca Trail, the state obliges visitors to go on guided tours. One of the tourist villages in the Sacred Valley that is heavily dependent on guided tours is Chinchero. Here, In Peru, in the tourist village of Chinchero located in the Machu Picchu region, tourism is often organized through guided excursions. This article deals with the complex relationships that urban male guides maintain with the local, often Quechua-speaking, women of Chinchero. These women have opened workshops where they offer tourists demonstrations of their weaving art as well as weavings to purchase in an atmosphere created to simulate the Andean home. To a large extent, the women depend on male guides to bring tourists to their workshops, and pay them commissions. Based on frequent field visits, informal conversations, interviews, participation and a survey, the study demonstrates how gender and ethnic inequalities are replicated through interactions between weavers and guides.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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