The present study proposes an analysis of the conceptual apparatus that may facilitate the description and interpretation of the changes that have taken place in Transylvanian villages and ruralities over the past quarter century. The central question is: what is left of the village after these changes? Respectively, was this change superficial or has it affected the deeper strata as well? I argue that we are talking about a structure in which some strata have been radically transformed while others have remained unaffected. This led to the production of numerous ways of life that proved to be resilient. In the changing and diversified space of ruralities, there are several mentalities and tendencies that are parallel and simultaneously different temporalities that either complement or eliminate each other. Sometimes they coexist peacefully, other times they are in constant conflict with each other.
{"title":"Rural Communities, Changing Habitats, Transforming Localities","authors":"András Vajda","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study proposes an analysis of the conceptual apparatus that may facilitate the description and interpretation of the changes that have taken place in Transylvanian villages and ruralities over the past quarter century. The central question is: what is left of the village after these changes? Respectively, was this change superficial or has it affected the deeper strata as well? I argue that we are talking about a structure in which some strata have been radically transformed while others have remained unaffected. This led to the production of numerous ways of life that proved to be resilient. In the changing and diversified space of ruralities, there are several mentalities and tendencies that are parallel and simultaneously different temporalities that either complement or eliminate each other. Sometimes they coexist peacefully, other times they are in constant conflict with each other.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48479176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plovdiv was the first Bulgarian city to become the European Capital of Culture for 2019. One of the leading projects in this campaign was focused on the renovation of Kapana (“The Trap”) – a historical district in the urban center. The project for upgrading Kapana was one of the first activities in the implementation of Plovdiv's candidacy: Kapana - a creative industries district was a long-term public policy initiative that attracted audiences and representatives of creative industries from Plovdiv, the country and abroad, providing a favorable and stimulating environment. The main focus of research is on the concept of “creative industries,” which has been instrumental in developing the field of arts and crafts in the district, contributing to the festivalization of culture. Based on a material gleened from long-term fieldwork, the paper presents contemporary case studies of folk arts and craft designs recently found in the territory of Kapana (2018–2019). Two examples of handicraft heritage are presented in greater detail: Adriana & Robert Atelier founded in 1995 as a family business, producing 100% leather hand-embroidered women's belts with metal buckles [chaprazi/pafti], men's belts, leather bags and other accessories with traditional folk ornaments. The second case explores the modern application of carpentry in the context of antique furniture restoration and the reproduction of antiques.
{"title":"“Creative Heritage in the Making” – The Case of the Creative Industries District Kapana in Plovdiv","authors":"Zlatina Bogdanova","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plovdiv was the first Bulgarian city to become the European Capital of Culture for 2019. One of the leading projects in this campaign was focused on the renovation of Kapana (“The Trap”) – a historical district in the urban center. The project for upgrading Kapana was one of the first activities in the implementation of Plovdiv's candidacy: Kapana - a creative industries district was a long-term public policy initiative that attracted audiences and representatives of creative industries from Plovdiv, the country and abroad, providing a favorable and stimulating environment. The main focus of research is on the concept of “creative industries,” which has been instrumental in developing the field of arts and crafts in the district, contributing to the festivalization of culture. Based on a material gleened from long-term fieldwork, the paper presents contemporary case studies of folk arts and craft designs recently found in the territory of Kapana (2018–2019). Two examples of handicraft heritage are presented in greater detail: Adriana & Robert Atelier founded in 1995 as a family business, producing 100% leather hand-embroidered women's belts with metal buckles [chaprazi/pafti], men's belts, leather bags and other accessories with traditional folk ornaments. The second case explores the modern application of carpentry in the context of antique furniture restoration and the reproduction of antiques.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The basic goal of ecovillages is to create a sustainable lifestyle and community. Many residents of Hungarian ecovillages consider traditional peasant culture the example of an ecological lifestyle; for them, traditional peasant ecological knowledge and practice is an important reference point. Therefore, the pursuit of ecological ideology and an eco-conscious, sustainable way of life naturally leads ecovillagers to peasant material culture. In this study, I present the revival of handicraft heritage in rural eco-communities. I provide an insight into how traditional artifact-making activities come to life, how the old tools of Hungarian peasant culture are used, collected, and copied, and I present the place and interpretation of these old trades and their masters in these communities. The study is based on my ethnographic-anthropological research conducted in Hungarian ecovillages since 2007.
{"title":"Crafts Revival in Ecovillages","authors":"Judit Farkas","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The basic goal of ecovillages is to create a sustainable lifestyle and community. Many residents of Hungarian ecovillages consider traditional peasant culture the example of an ecological lifestyle; for them, traditional peasant ecological knowledge and practice is an important reference point. Therefore, the pursuit of ecological ideology and an eco-conscious, sustainable way of life naturally leads ecovillagers to peasant material culture. In this study, I present the revival of handicraft heritage in rural eco-communities. I provide an insight into how traditional artifact-making activities come to life, how the old tools of Hungarian peasant culture are used, collected, and copied, and I present the place and interpretation of these old trades and their masters in these communities. The study is based on my ethnographic-anthropological research conducted in Hungarian ecovillages since 2007.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholarly publication of folk riddles in Hungary started in the mid-19th century. Among the early sources was the first classic collection of Hungarian folktales, Eredeti népmesék [Authentic Folktales], compiled by László Arany, which includes a separate chapter comprising 54 riddle tales. Manuscripts related to this publication were found in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences among other collections from the 19th century and identified in the 1960s as having been recorded by members of the Arany family. The manuscripts contain all the riddles published by László Arany, along with 25 riddle texts that remained unpublished. Comparison of the two sources reveals the editing process: the selection and arrangement of the material, along with the text modifications applied by László Arany. The first part of this article consists of a few terminological notes on tales and riddle tales in 19th-century Hungary, followed by the description of the riddle material in the manuscripts associated with the Arany family. In the second part the author presents in more detail the editing process which shows a far higher degree of conscious editorial attention than other publications of folk riddles in the period.
{"title":"Riddles in the Manuscript and Print Version of a 19th-Century Collection","authors":"Katalin Vargha","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scholarly publication of folk riddles in Hungary started in the mid-19th century. Among the early sources was the first classic collection of Hungarian folktales, Eredeti népmesék [Authentic Folktales], compiled by László Arany, which includes a separate chapter comprising 54 riddle tales. Manuscripts related to this publication were found in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences among other collections from the 19th century and identified in the 1960s as having been recorded by members of the Arany family. The manuscripts contain all the riddles published by László Arany, along with 25 riddle texts that remained unpublished. Comparison of the two sources reveals the editing process: the selection and arrangement of the material, along with the text modifications applied by László Arany. The first part of this article consists of a few terminological notes on tales and riddle tales in 19th-century Hungary, followed by the description of the riddle material in the manuscripts associated with the Arany family. In the second part the author presents in more detail the editing process which shows a far higher degree of conscious editorial attention than other publications of folk riddles in the period.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper summarizes the first partial results of economic anthropological research conducted in the Swabian settlement of Mezőfény (Romanian: Foieni) in Satu Mare County (Romania). The aim of the research is to describe the livelihood and income-earning strategies among agricultural production groups in local society and to interpret different forms of economic adaptation (individual, household and community level) in the settlement within the context of the post-socialist transformation from a planned to a capitalist market economy.
{"title":"Economic Adaptation and Individual Livelihood Strategies in a Swabian Village in Satu Mare County","authors":"S. Borbély","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper summarizes the first partial results of economic anthropological research conducted in the Swabian settlement of Mezőfény (Romanian: Foieni) in Satu Mare County (Romania). The aim of the research is to describe the livelihood and income-earning strategies among agricultural production groups in local society and to interpret different forms of economic adaptation (individual, household and community level) in the settlement within the context of the post-socialist transformation from a planned to a capitalist market economy.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A kötet az etnográfusok által a magyar falvakban a második világháború utáni évtizedekben készített interjúkból válogat. A különböző szövegek elemzésével a paraszti (vagy utóparaszti) életmód, a család és a rokonság, a munka, a termelés, a társadalmi rétegződés és a mobilitás, valamint a mindennapi élet, mint a változó értékrendszerek reprezentációi, továbbá az identifikáció egyaránt vizsgálható. A narratívák arra is utalnak, hogy ezeknek a társadalmi és kulturális jelenségeknek az egykori falusi közvélemény, illetve a kommunikáció milyen jelentéseket adott, végül a szövegek nyelvi elemzése lehetőséget kínált a mnemotechnika, valamint a tapasztalat és az emlékezet vizsgálatára.
{"title":"Eltűnt falusi világok: A 20. századi paraszti társadalom az egyéni emlékezetekben. [Rural Worlds Lost. 20th-Century Peasant Society in Individual Memories]","authors":"Tamás Csíki","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00009","url":null,"abstract":"A kötet az etnográfusok által a magyar falvakban a második világháború utáni évtizedekben készített interjúkból válogat. A különböző szövegek elemzésével a paraszti (vagy utóparaszti) életmód, a család és a rokonság, a munka, a termelés, a társadalmi rétegződés és a mobilitás, valamint a mindennapi élet, mint a változó értékrendszerek reprezentációi, továbbá az identifikáció egyaránt vizsgálható. A narratívák arra is utalnak, hogy ezeknek a társadalmi és kulturális jelenségeknek az egykori falusi közvélemény, illetve a kommunikáció milyen jelentéseket adott, végül a szövegek nyelvi elemzése lehetőséget kínált a mnemotechnika, valamint a tapasztalat és az emlékezet vizsgálatára.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44302162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first half of the present article, I review collections of folk literature which include 19th-century folktales, placing a special emphasis on trying to establish the extent to which these texts and the associated collectors have been studied, explored, and published. 1 Next, I demonstrate which of the texts in question may be considered as part of the canon 2 of folk literature that emerged in the latter third of the 19th century, which works and authors defined the approaches that were considered relevant, and what the selection criteria for canonisation were. Alongside the interpretative canon, I shall also attempt to record the textual canon and its changes – to capture the act by which certain texts were clearly excluded from the canon while others were included by the individuals who wished to create or modify the canon. I would also like to show how the image of 19th-century collectors and collections created in the second half of the century became gradually transformed during the 20th century, and how these changes affected the place the collections in question occupy in folkloristics in general.
{"title":"Collections of Hungarian Folk Literature from the 19th Century and Their Canonisation","authors":"Anna Szak","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the first half of the present article, I review collections of folk literature which include 19th-century folktales, placing a special emphasis on trying to establish the extent to which these texts and the associated collectors have been studied, explored, and published.\u0000 1\u0000 Next, I demonstrate which of the texts in question may be considered as part of the canon\u0000 2\u0000 of folk literature that emerged in the latter third of the 19th century, which works and authors defined the approaches that were considered relevant, and what the selection criteria for canonisation were. Alongside the interpretative canon, I shall also attempt to record the textual canon and its changes – to capture the act by which certain texts were clearly excluded from the canon while others were included by the individuals who wished to create or modify the canon. I would also like to show how the image of 19th-century collectors and collections created in the second half of the century became gradually transformed during the 20th century, and how these changes affected the place the collections in question occupy in folkloristics in general.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44679594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examines the impact of the agricultural associations of two Swabian settlements – Mezőfény (Foieni) and Mezőpetri (Petrești) – on the local economy and society. Agricultural associations played an important role at the beginning of the process of agrarian transformation after the regime change in Romania. The successor organisations of the socialist agricultural associations, now established on a voluntary basis, were able to counteract the impoverishment caused by the reparcelling or forced reparcelling of land during the long transitional period, while at the same time exploiting their monopoly position to prevent the emergence of individual and family farmers. The risk-averse, self-reliant economic model of the associations is reminiscent of the peasant, self-sufficient farm organisation. The associations can thus be seen as a very specific form of post-socialist post-peasant production systems.
{"title":"“This Is Our Bank”: Agricultural Associations and Their Role in Two Swabian Villages in Satu Mare From the Regime Change to the Present","authors":"L. Szilágyi","doi":"10.1556/022.2021.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2021.00015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study examines the impact of the agricultural associations of two Swabian settlements – Mezőfény (Foieni) and Mezőpetri (Petrești) – on the local economy and society. Agricultural associations played an important role at the beginning of the process of agrarian transformation after the regime change in Romania. The successor organisations of the socialist agricultural associations, now established on a voluntary basis, were able to counteract the impoverishment caused by the reparcelling or forced reparcelling of land during the long transitional period, while at the same time exploiting their monopoly position to prevent the emergence of individual and family farmers. The risk-averse, self-reliant economic model of the associations is reminiscent of the peasant, self-sufficient farm organisation. The associations can thus be seen as a very specific form of post-socialist post-peasant production systems.","PeriodicalId":34949,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ethnographica Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46006165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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