EPPO Bulletin最新文献

During a survey carried out in October 2023, a severe infestation caused by the pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), was observed for the first time in Albania. To confirm the identity of the species, specimens were collected and characterized using morphological and molecular methods. T. parvicornis is native to North America, and Albania is the third European country where the pest has been reported, after Italy (2014) and France (2021). In these countries, this pest is causing severe damage to stone pines through its feeding activity, causing dieback and, in cases of severe infestation, the death of the trees. These observations highlight the potential harmfulness of this species and the need for effective management action on a large scale in the Balkan area. Therefore, further actions are suggested that may be beneficial for early detection and containment.

The leaf blister moth, Leucoptera malifoliella is an invasive pest of apple and other Rosaceae species. It causes significant damage to apple leaves, threatening the production quality and the overall health of the tree. In this paper, we report the first record of L. malifoliella in Tunisia and give details of its distribution in apple orchards of central west Tunisia (Kasserine governorate). After signs of the pest were observed, cocoons were collected from the field and reared until adult eclosion. Identification of the species was based on observations of external morphology in the laboratory in addition to the field diagnosis based on larval damage on leaves. Leucoptera malifoliella was collected firstly in Foussana delegation, then in Sbeitla, Sbiba, Djedliane, Kasserine and Feriana delegations, showing that it is widely spread in the Kasserine governorate. This leaf miner was clearly identified as one of the most abundant pests in some localities. This paper describing the first record of L. malifoliella in central west Tunisia aims to raise awareness on the pest and encourage the collaboration between apple producers, researchers and extension services in the region to establish a programme of monitoring and managing the pest.

This paper is the first record of Retithrips syriacus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Algeria. This thrips pest is reported for the first time from Khenchela Province, north-eastern Algeria, on two Vitaceae species (Vitis vinifera and Parthenocissus quinquefolia). The observations were made in several gardens of different houses within the same neighbourhood.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) originates from the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and has spread to Africa, Asia, Oceania and, more recently, to Europe. This paper provides the first official report of S. frugiperda in Romania. In the southern part of the country, adults of this species were caught in a pheromone trap in November 2023. The identification of fall armyworm was carried out at a morphological and molecular level. Barcode sequences of the Romanian specimens were obtained. No damage was observed in the fields surrounding the trap where the pest was captured. A brief description and information on the economic importance of S. frugiperda are given, mainly for maize, taking into consideration the major importance of this crop in Romania and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization region.

In February 2024, the ficus whitefly Singhiella simplex (Singh, 1931) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was first reported in a tropical greenhouse and inside a private house in Northern Italy (Vertemate con Minoprio and Monza, respectively – Lombardy Region). The observed ficus whiteflies caused severe defoliation on different Ficus species including Ficus benjamina and Ficus retusa. Several third and fourth larval instars of Singhiella simplex were associated with the parasitoid wasp Encarsia hispida De Santis, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Morphological and molecular analyses were performed to identify both S. simplex and E. hispida. Based on current knowledge, this is the first report of the ficus whitefly in Northern Italy as well as the first observation of its association with the parasitoid wasp E. hispida in Europe.

Specific scope: This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Dendrolimus sibiricus.1 This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols.

Specific approval and amendment: Approved in 2024-03.

Authors and contributors are given in the Acknowledgements section.

Dendrolimus sibiricus Chetverikov is an insect of the order Lepidoptera, family Lasiocampidae. In its native range, D. sibiricus develops on practically all coniferous species of the Pinaceae family: Abies, Pinus, Larix, and Picea (Kirichenko & Baranchikov, 2007; Rozhkov, 1963). Major hosts are Abies nephrolepis, Abies sibirica, Larix gmelinii, Larix sibirica, and five-needle pines such as Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sibirica (EPPO, 2023a). For more information on other hosts (e.g. experimental hosts), see EPPO (2023b).

The taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Dendrolimus are not entirely established and for some species the taxonomic position is still controversial. Most experts distinguish around 30 species in the genus, of which 16 species are found in the Palearctic region (Jeong et al., 2018; Mikkola & Ståhls, 2008; Tanaka et al., 2020). Morphologically, D. sibiricus has many similarities to the related species, D. superans, that co-occurs in the Russian Far East and China (Rozhkov, 1963). Rozhkov (1963) considered D. superans as a single species, with two subspecies: D. superans sibiricus Chetverikov and D. superans albolineatus Butler. In the current taxonomy, they are considered as separate species respectively, D. sibiricus and D. superans (EFSA, 2023). A second closely-related species is D. pini, which is native to Europe and Asia and whose distribution range partially overlaps with D. sibiricus in Central Russia (Hardin & Suazo, 2012; Kononov et al., 2016).

For an updated geographical distribution of D. sibiricus consult EPPO Global Database (EPPO, 2023a).

A datasheet providing more information on the biology is also available (EPPO, 2023b).

Name: Dendrolimus sibiricus Chetverikov, 1908.

Other scientific names: Dendrolimus laricis Chetverikov, 1903, Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Chetverikov, 1903.

Common name: Larch caterpillar, Siberian conifer silk moth, Siberian moth, Siberian silk moth.

Taxonomic position: Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Dendrolimus.

EPPO Code: DENDSI.

Phytosanitary categorization: EPPO A2 list n° 308, EU Annex II A.

Larvae cause massive defoliation on coniferous hosts (Figures 1 and

This short note reviews reports from outbreaks of Ripersiella hibisci (Hemiptera: Rhizoecidae) in Europe between 2021 and 2023. This species was recorded from 21 new host plants across 11 families, including three families not previously known to include hosts of R. hibisci (Cactaceae, Cornaceae, Solanaceae). The updated host list allows better understanding of the species’ ecology and provides useful information for policy makers for when they define phytosanitary regulations for pest management.

Specific scope: This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Aromia bungii.1 This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols.

Specific approval and amendment: First approved in 2023–12. Authors and contributors are given in the Acknowledgements section.

Aromia bungii also known as red necked longhorn beetle is native to East Asia. It is recorded in China, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia and Vietnam (EPPO, 2022). It has been recently introduced into Japan where it was first detected in 2012 (Tamura & Shoda-Kagaya, 2022) and into Europe where established populations have been present in Italy since 2010 (Garonna et al., 2013) and in Germany since 2011 (Burmeister et al., 2012). The species has also been intercepted in the United Kingdom in 2008 (Reid & Cannon, 2010) and a single adult specimen was found in Spain in 2018 (Otero & Cobo, 2018) without evidence of establishment (EPPO, 2019).

Aromia bungii is an oligophagous wood borer of Prunus species. In its native area of distribution, the main hosts are Prunus armeniaca (apricot), P. persica (peach), P. domestica (plum) and P. avium (cherry). Other confirmed hosts are P. americana, P. grayana, P. japonica, P. mume, P. pseudocerasus, P. salicina and P. yedoensis. Other tree species have been reported as potential hosts for A. bungii, such as Diospyros kaki, D. lotus, D. virginiana and Punica granatum but these records are unconfirmed (EFSA, 2019).

Further details on the biology of A. bungii are available in Russo et al. (2020), in the EPPO Datasheet (EPPO, 2022) as well as in the EFSA Pest Survey Card (EFSA, 2019).

Figure 1 shows the diagnostic procedure for A. bungii.

Name: Aromia bungii (Faldermann, 1835).

Other scientific names: Cerambyx bungii Faldermann, 1835; Aromia bungi (Faldermann, 1835); Aromia cyanicornis Guérin-Méneville, 1844; Callichroma bungii (Faldermann, 1835); Callichroma ruficolle Redtenbacher, 1868; Aromia cyanicornis ab. puncticollis Plavilstshikov, 1940; Aromia bungii m. brunnea Podaný, 1971.

Taxonomic position: Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Callichromatini.

EPPO Code: AROMBU.

Phytosanitary categorization: EPPO A2 (2021); EU A1 Quarantine pest (Annex II B).

In the field, infestations can be detected by the accumulation of larval frass, by the presence of exit holes on the trunk, and by the presence of the adults. Traps are also being used in some EPPO countries to monitor A. bungii (EFSA, <

Specific scope: This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Anisogramma anomala.1 This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols.

Specific approval and amendment: Approved in 2009–09. Revision approved in 2024–03. Authors and contributors are given in the Acknowledgements section.

Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller in E. Müller & Arx (Diaporthales) was first described by Peck as a pathogen of the native American hazelnut (also called American filbert), Corylus americana Walt. (Gottwald & Cameron, 1979). It is considered as an endemic pest of C. americana, but on the European (cultivated) hazelnut, C. avellana L., it causes eastern filbert blight, a devastating disease producing perennial cankers on limbs. Already reported as early as 1892 in the North-East USA (Halsted, 1892), the pathogen later caused serious problems on cultivated hazelnut in the North-West USA. Since its first detection in South-West Washington State in 1970 (Davison & Davidson, 1973), A. anomala has spread southwards into the Willamette Valley of Oregon and can now be found throughout the entire valley (OSU, 2023). This pathogen is distributed in Canada and the USA and information on its population structure (based on SSR markers) can be found in Cai et al. (2013). For an updated geographical distribution consult EPPO Global Database (EPPO, 2022). A. anomala has no known hosts other than Corylus spp.

Anisogramma anomala systematically colonizes the phloem, cambium and the outer xylem of branches and produces cankers after an incubation period of at least 14 months. The average growth of cankers in European hazelnut is 31 cm per year (Gottwald & Cameron, 1980), girdling branches, causing canopy dieback and death of trees (Johnson et al., 1996). The wild American hazelnut, Corylus americana Marshall, is generally resistant or highly tolerant of infection.

The pathogen infects actively growing shoots and buds from budbreak to early shoot elongation. It has the typical characteristics of an obligate, biotrophic parasite.

A flow diagram describing the diagnostic procedure for A. anomala is presented in Figure 1.

Name: Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller.

Synonyms: Apioporthe anomala (Peck) Höhn.

Cryptosporella anomala (Peck) Sacc.

Diatrype anomala Peck.

Cryptospora anomala (Peck) Ellis & Everh.

Taxonomic position: Fungi: Ascomycota: Diaporthales.

EPPO Code: CRSPAN.

Phytosanitary categorization: EPPO A1 list no. 201, EU A1 Quarantine Pest (Annex IIA).

No reference material available.

GenBank accession EU683064 (partial LSU gene) can be used as a referen

The Standard PM 3/67(1) Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported (EPPO, 2006) suggested the use of a whitelist approach for invasive alien plants, meaning that invasive plants safe to import are listed. The Panel on Invasive Alien Plants considers that this is no longer in line with the current practice by EPPO and many EPPO countries which follow a blacklist system, meaning that invasive alien plants that are a risk are listed. Moreover, the document was considered out of date e.g. with no reference to the new guidelines published by Council of Europe, the European Union and the IPPC (ISPM 11). Based on this, the Panel considered that the Standard could not easily be revised and should be withdrawn. This was agreed by the EPPO Council in September 2023.