A. Bertaccini, J. L. J. van de Bilt, N. Contaldo, B. Cottyn, U. Damm, H. Duistermaat, L. Giordano, A. Giraldo Lopez, D. Griessinger, V. Grimault, E. van Heese, V. A. van Ingen-Buijs, S. Kiewnick, P. P. M. de Koning, W. Menzel, M. J. C. Pel, É. Pierre, F. Quaglino, J. W. Roenhorst, P. Rousse, H. J. Schroers, J. C. Streito, C. Trontin, J. van Valkenburg, F. Verloove, R. A. A. van der Vlugt, P. De Vos
The increased risk of outbreaks of plant pests due to globalization and climate change requires up-to-date knowledge and quick and validated detection and identification methods. DNA barcoding and sequence analysis are increasingly used for diagnostics in phytosanitary laboratories. These methods use (short) genomic sequences specific to a well-defined taxon for species identification. The EPPO-Q-bank database (https://qbank.eppo.int/) supports plant pest diagnostics focusing on pests recommended for regulation in the EPPO region and their look-alikes. It provides a wide range of information on specimens, isolates, strains or populations available in collections, including curated DNA barcodes/sequence data. The cornerstone of this database is its curation by a team of scientists with taxonomic, phytosanitary and diagnostic expertise from National Plant Protection Organizations and institutes with connections to relevant phytosanitary collections.
{"title":"EPPO-Q-bank: a curated database to support plant pest diagnostic activities","authors":"A. Bertaccini, J. L. J. van de Bilt, N. Contaldo, B. Cottyn, U. Damm, H. Duistermaat, L. Giordano, A. Giraldo Lopez, D. Griessinger, V. Grimault, E. van Heese, V. A. van Ingen-Buijs, S. Kiewnick, P. P. M. de Koning, W. Menzel, M. J. C. Pel, É. Pierre, F. Quaglino, J. W. Roenhorst, P. Rousse, H. J. Schroers, J. C. Streito, C. Trontin, J. van Valkenburg, F. Verloove, R. A. A. van der Vlugt, P. De Vos","doi":"10.1111/epp.13063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increased risk of outbreaks of plant pests due to globalization and climate change requires up-to-date knowledge and quick and validated detection and identification methods. DNA barcoding and sequence analysis are increasingly used for diagnostics in phytosanitary laboratories. These methods use (short) genomic sequences specific to a well-defined taxon for species identification. The EPPO-Q-bank database (https://qbank.eppo.int/) supports plant pest diagnostics focusing on pests recommended for regulation in the EPPO region and their look-alikes. It provides a wide range of information on specimens, isolates, strains or populations available in collections, including curated DNA barcodes/sequence data. The cornerstone of this database is its curation by a team of scientists with taxonomic, phytosanitary and diagnostic expertise from National Plant Protection Organizations and institutes with connections to relevant phytosanitary collections.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"361-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of the EPPO.
EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this set of EPPO Standards is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.
Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual Standard (as appropriate).
The EPPO Standards on the safe use of biological control are intended to be used by NPPOs or equivalent authorities in their capacity as bodies responsible for overseeing and, if appropriate, regulating the introduction and use of biological control agents.
NPPOs of the EPPO region generally promote the use of biological control in plant protection because, like other aspects of integrated pest management, it reduces risks to human health and the environment. Use of biological control agents may, nevertheless, present some risks, in particular for the environment if non-indigenous agents are introduced from other continents, and for the user if agents are formulated as plant protection products. In general, the latter case can be covered by EPPO Standards of series PP, concerning plant protection products. The aim of the EPPO Standards on the safe use of biological control is to provide NPPOs with guidelines for assessing and reducing the risks associated with various aspects of the introduction and use of biological control agents and, as appropriate, for comparing them with the benefits in terms of efficacy. The EPPO Standards seek to make the administrative framework for the introduction and use of biological control agents as light as practically possible to sustain a general policy of promotion of biological control.
{"title":"Introduction to PM 6 Standards on Safe use of biological control","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of the EPPO.</p><p>EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this set of EPPO Standards is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.</p><p>Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual Standard (as appropriate).</p><p>The EPPO Standards on the safe use of biological control are intended to be used by NPPOs or equivalent authorities in their capacity as bodies responsible for overseeing and, if appropriate, regulating the introduction and use of biological control agents.</p><p>NPPOs of the EPPO region generally promote the use of biological control in plant protection because, like other aspects of integrated pest management, it reduces risks to human health and the environment. Use of biological control agents may, nevertheless, present some risks, in particular for the environment if non-indigenous agents are introduced from other continents, and for the user if agents are formulated as plant protection products. In general, the latter case can be covered by EPPO Standards of series PP, concerning plant protection products. The aim of the EPPO Standards on the safe use of biological control is to provide NPPOs with guidelines for assessing and reducing the risks associated with various aspects of the introduction and use of biological control agents and, as appropriate, for comparing them with the benefits in terms of efficacy. The EPPO Standards seek to make the administrative framework for the introduction and use of biological control agents as light as practically possible to sustain a general policy of promotion of biological control.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This set continues the series of EPPO datasheets at present constituted by Quarantine Pests for Europe (2nd edition), the first supplementary set published in 1999 in the EPPO Bulletin issue 29, 459–506, the second supplementary set published in 2005 in issue 35, 361–475, the third supplementary set published in 2006 in issue 36, 1–9, the fourth supplementary set published in 2007 in issue 37, 223–245, the fifth, sixth and seventh supplementary sets published in 2008 in issue 38, 53–63, 161–166 and 439–449, respectively, the eighth and ninth supplementary sets published in issue 39, 41–64 and 487–499, the tenth supplementary set published in issue 40, 401–406, the eleventh supplementary set published in issue 41, 407–418, the twelfth and thirteenth supplementary sets published in issue 43, 139–143 and 195–196, the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth supplementary sets published in issue 44, 5–10, 149–163 and 474–478, the seventeenth supplementary set published in issue 45, 2–13, the eighteenth supplementary set published in issue 46, 02–24, the nineteenth supplementary set published in issue 47, 524–548, the twentieth and twenty-first supplementary sets published in issue 49, 48–72 and 259–297, the twenty-second set published in issue 50, 156–169, the twenty-third set published in issue 50, 241–248, the 24th set published in issue 50, 526–548, the 25th set published in issue 52, 371–373, the 26th set published in issue 53, 100-107, the 27th set published in issue 53, 613–623 and the 28th set published in issue 54, 25–40. It contains a further datasheet produced as part of the core work programme of EPPO datasheets as well as information about the successful completion of the datasheets project.
{"title":"Introduction to EPPO Datasheets on pests recommended for regulation","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This set continues the series of EPPO datasheets at present constituted by Quarantine Pests for Europe (2nd edition), the first supplementary set published in 1999 in the EPPO Bulletin issue <b>29</b>, 459–506, the second supplementary set published in 2005 in issue <b>35</b>, 361–475, the third supplementary set published in 2006 in issue <b>36</b>, 1–9, the fourth supplementary set published in 2007 in issue <b>37</b>, 223–245, the fifth, sixth and seventh supplementary sets published in 2008 in issue <b>38</b>, 53–63, 161–166 and 439–449, respectively, the eighth and ninth supplementary sets published in issue <b>39</b>, 41–64 and 487–499, the tenth supplementary set published in issue <b>40</b>, 401–406, the eleventh supplementary set published in issue <b>41</b>, 407–418, the twelfth and thirteenth supplementary sets published in issue <b>43</b>, 139–143 and 195–196, the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth supplementary sets published in issue <b>44</b>, 5–10, 149–163 and 474–478, the seventeenth supplementary set published in issue <b>45</b>, 2–13, the eighteenth supplementary set published in issue <b>46</b>, 02–24, the nineteenth supplementary set published in issue <b>47</b>, 524–548, the twentieth and twenty-first supplementary sets published in issue <b>49</b>, 48–72 and 259–297, the twenty-second set published in issue <b>50</b>, 156–169, the twenty-third set published in issue <b>50</b>, 241–248, the 24th set published in issue <b>50</b>, 526–548, the 25th set published in issue <b>52</b>, 371–373, the 26th set published in issue <b>53</b>, 100-107, the 27th set published in issue <b>53</b>, 613–623 and the 28th set published in issue <b>54</b>, 25–40. It contains a further datasheet produced as part of the core work programme of EPPO datasheets as well as information about the successful completion of the datasheets project.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"343-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual Standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of the EPPO.
EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this set of EPPO Standards is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.
Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual Standard (as appropriate).
EPPO Standards on national regulatory control systems are intended to be used by National Plant Protection Organizations in their capacity as bodies responsible for official control of regulated pests.
{"title":"Introduction to PM 9 Standards on National regulatory control systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual Standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of the EPPO.</p><p>EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this set of EPPO Standards is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.</p><p>Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual Standard (as appropriate).</p><p>EPPO Standards on national regulatory control systems are intended to be used by National Plant Protection Organizations in their capacity as bodies responsible for official control of regulated pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"336-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Tlapák, Friederike Chilla, Anne-Kristin Schmitt, Peter Büttner, Kerstin Flath, Anna Pucher
Potato wart disease, caused by the soil-borne, obligate biotrophic fungus Synchytrium endobioticum, is one of the most important diseases of cultivated potatoes. The fungus does not produce hyphae, but produces very thick-walled sporangia (resting spores), so an infection with S. endobioticum results in a long-term contamination of fields. Chemical control of the disease is not possible; consequently, potato production on infested fields is prohibited for many years. Reliable diagnosis of S. endobioticum is essential to preserve cultivation areas. A critical step is to determine the infectivity of resting spores. The new implementing regulation (EU) 2022/1195 recommends a bioassay based on soil samples in addition to microscopic analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil-based bioassays for their ability to determine the infectivity of resting spores in infested soils. It was shown that the resting spores could be in a dormant state, in which they do not infect potatoes. In some cases, this dormancy could be broken by a certain sequence of moistening and aerating the soil. Reactivation of soil is therefore recommended prior to soil-based bioassays. Microscopic analysis could not distinguish between dormant and infectious resting spores.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Synchytrium endobioticum: the importance of sample pretreatment to determine the infectivity of resting spores in bioassays","authors":"Hana Tlapák, Friederike Chilla, Anne-Kristin Schmitt, Peter Büttner, Kerstin Flath, Anna Pucher","doi":"10.1111/epp.13058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potato wart disease, caused by the soil-borne, obligate biotrophic fungus <i>Synchytrium endobioticum</i>, is one of the most important diseases of cultivated potatoes. The fungus does not produce hyphae, but produces very thick-walled sporangia (resting spores), so an infection with <i>S. endobioticum</i> results in a long-term contamination of fields. Chemical control of the disease is not possible; consequently, potato production on infested fields is prohibited for many years. Reliable diagnosis of <i>S. endobioticum</i> is essential to preserve cultivation areas. A critical step is to determine the infectivity of resting spores. The new implementing regulation (EU) 2022/1195 recommends a bioassay based on soil samples in addition to microscopic analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil-based bioassays for their ability to determine the infectivity of resting spores in infested soils. It was shown that the resting spores could be in a dormant state, in which they do not infect potatoes. In some cases, this dormancy could be broken by a certain sequence of moistening and aerating the soil. Reactivation of soil is therefore recommended prior to soil-based bioassays. Microscopic analysis could not distinguish between dormant and infectious resting spores.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"381-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The work of EPPO continued in 2023 with the inputs of many experts in plant health of member countries from all over the EPPO region and beyond as well as the hard work and dedication of EPPO staff members to facilitate and organize all the different activities.</p><p>A major change for the EPPO Secretariat was the resignation of Françoise Petter, after having worked with dedication for more than 20 years at EPPO as Assistant Director, and the recruitment of Valérie Grimault who took over the position of Assistant Director of EPPO bringing new ideas. I would like to thank Françoise for her years of valuable contribution to the work of EPPO.</p><p>In 2023, EPPO held an Inspectors' Workshop in 2023. Inspectors are at the basis of our work on plant health, they inspect the plants, both at import, before export and in the field for instance during surveillance. They ensure plant health every day and need to be well equipped for this task. The Workshop addressed several aspects of inspection, firstly, the role that targeted sampling and inspection can play in using the limited time of inspectors efficiently. The Workshop also addressed new tools for inspection and how inspectors can increase their expertise and make use of each other's expertise, for instance within an inspectors' network. This will be further explored by EPPO.</p><p>Databases were further developed and populated with more and more information. This is essential in a fast-developing world increasingly dependent on technology and speed in exchange of information. It is of course fundamental to know which information on plant health is reliable. EPPO can play an important role in this via EPPO Global Database, a Database on Diagnostic expertise, the PP1 Database, a Database on resistance development of pests against plant protection products. Furthermore, EPPO helps by sharing information via its platform on PRAs and on Communication material. Another example of how EPPO facilitates plant health experts making use of each other's expertise.</p><p>The IPPC community reconsidered the place of plant health in One Health. In the past, the focus was mainly on the use of antimicrobials in agriculture affecting the control of diseases in human and animal health. The focus broadened to what plant health can contribute to human and animal health. Healthy plants are essential for ensuring food security and for the supply of fodder to animals including those held for human food production. Plants are at the basis of all life on earth. Plant health is contributing to human and animal health and welfare. EPPO is part of this discussion and can contribute to it.</p><p>During 2023, climate change caused disasters, drought, excessive rainfall, enormous fires, and affected human and animal lives and plants. In 2023, EPPO started work on a Special Issue of the <i>EPPO Bulletin</i> on Climate Change and Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) after a discussion on this subject by the International Pest Risk Research
{"title":"Annual Report and Council Recommendations 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work of EPPO continued in 2023 with the inputs of many experts in plant health of member countries from all over the EPPO region and beyond as well as the hard work and dedication of EPPO staff members to facilitate and organize all the different activities.</p><p>A major change for the EPPO Secretariat was the resignation of Françoise Petter, after having worked with dedication for more than 20 years at EPPO as Assistant Director, and the recruitment of Valérie Grimault who took over the position of Assistant Director of EPPO bringing new ideas. I would like to thank Françoise for her years of valuable contribution to the work of EPPO.</p><p>In 2023, EPPO held an Inspectors' Workshop in 2023. Inspectors are at the basis of our work on plant health, they inspect the plants, both at import, before export and in the field for instance during surveillance. They ensure plant health every day and need to be well equipped for this task. The Workshop addressed several aspects of inspection, firstly, the role that targeted sampling and inspection can play in using the limited time of inspectors efficiently. The Workshop also addressed new tools for inspection and how inspectors can increase their expertise and make use of each other's expertise, for instance within an inspectors' network. This will be further explored by EPPO.</p><p>Databases were further developed and populated with more and more information. This is essential in a fast-developing world increasingly dependent on technology and speed in exchange of information. It is of course fundamental to know which information on plant health is reliable. EPPO can play an important role in this via EPPO Global Database, a Database on Diagnostic expertise, the PP1 Database, a Database on resistance development of pests against plant protection products. Furthermore, EPPO helps by sharing information via its platform on PRAs and on Communication material. Another example of how EPPO facilitates plant health experts making use of each other's expertise.</p><p>The IPPC community reconsidered the place of plant health in One Health. In the past, the focus was mainly on the use of antimicrobials in agriculture affecting the control of diseases in human and animal health. The focus broadened to what plant health can contribute to human and animal health. Healthy plants are essential for ensuring food security and for the supply of fodder to animals including those held for human food production. Plants are at the basis of all life on earth. Plant health is contributing to human and animal health and welfare. EPPO is part of this discussion and can contribute to it.</p><p>During 2023, climate change caused disasters, drought, excessive rainfall, enormous fires, and affected human and animal lives and plants. In 2023, EPPO started work on a Special Issue of the <i>EPPO Bulletin</i> on Climate Change and Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) after a discussion on this subject by the International Pest Risk Research ","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"394-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. However, a fast-track procedure described in EPPO (2019) exists for pest-specific Diagnostic Standards. The date of approval appears in each individual Standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of EPPO.</p><p>EPPO Diagnostic Standards are subject to periodic review in the relevant Diagnostic Panels.</p><p>Revisions will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated.</p><p>EPPO Diagnostic Protocols are intended to be used by NPPOs in their capacity as bodies responsible for the application of phytosanitary measures to detect and identify regulated pests. In 1998, EPPO started a new programme to prepare Diagnostic Protocols for the regulated pests of the EPPO region (including the EU). The work is conducted by the EPPO Panel on Diagnostics and Quality Assurance and other specialist Diagnostic Panels. The objective of the programme is to develop an internationally agreed diagnostic protocol for most of the EPPO list of pests recommended for regulation (EPPO, 2024). The protocols are based on the many years of experience of EPPO experts. The first drafts are usually prepared by a drafting team composed of experts. They are written according to a ‘common format and content of a diagnostic protocol’ agreed by the Panel on Diagnostics and Quality Assurance, modified as necessary to fit individual pests.</p><p>The EPPO Standard PM 7/76 describes the purpose and use of EPPO Diagnostic Standards and includes general provisions that apply to all diagnostic protocols.</p><p>Definitions of the general terms used in EPPO Diagnostic Standards are described in EPPO Standard PM 7/76 (6) <i>Use of EPPO Diagnostic Protocols</i>, published in this issue.</p><p>EPPO Standards of series PM 7 include general Standards on diagnostics and Diagnostic Protocols for individual pests. The Diagnostic Protocols provide all of the information necessary for a named pest to be detected and positively identified. Each Protocol begins with some short general information on the pest (its appearance, relationship with other organisms, host range, effects on host, geographical distribution and identity) and then gives details on detection and identification (including comparison with similar species, requirements for a positive diagnosis). Tests are described in the Appendices and validation data is also provided. Lists of institutes or individuals where further information on that organism can be obtained and references (on the diagnosis, detection/extraction method and test methods) are provided as well.</p><p>Over 150 EPPO Standards on Diagnostic Protocols, including 15 general Standards, have now been approved and published (including the revised Standards published here). Each Standard is numbered in the style PM 7/4 (1), meaning an EPPO Standard on Phytosanitary Measures (PM), in series no. 7 (Diagnostic Protocols), in this case Standard no. 4, first version.</p><p>The
{"title":"Introduction to PM 7 Standards on Diagnostics","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. However, a fast-track procedure described in EPPO (2019) exists for pest-specific Diagnostic Standards. The date of approval appears in each individual Standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of EPPO.</p><p>EPPO Diagnostic Standards are subject to periodic review in the relevant Diagnostic Panels.</p><p>Revisions will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated.</p><p>EPPO Diagnostic Protocols are intended to be used by NPPOs in their capacity as bodies responsible for the application of phytosanitary measures to detect and identify regulated pests. In 1998, EPPO started a new programme to prepare Diagnostic Protocols for the regulated pests of the EPPO region (including the EU). The work is conducted by the EPPO Panel on Diagnostics and Quality Assurance and other specialist Diagnostic Panels. The objective of the programme is to develop an internationally agreed diagnostic protocol for most of the EPPO list of pests recommended for regulation (EPPO, 2024). The protocols are based on the many years of experience of EPPO experts. The first drafts are usually prepared by a drafting team composed of experts. They are written according to a ‘common format and content of a diagnostic protocol’ agreed by the Panel on Diagnostics and Quality Assurance, modified as necessary to fit individual pests.</p><p>The EPPO Standard PM 7/76 describes the purpose and use of EPPO Diagnostic Standards and includes general provisions that apply to all diagnostic protocols.</p><p>Definitions of the general terms used in EPPO Diagnostic Standards are described in EPPO Standard PM 7/76 (6) <i>Use of EPPO Diagnostic Protocols</i>, published in this issue.</p><p>EPPO Standards of series PM 7 include general Standards on diagnostics and Diagnostic Protocols for individual pests. The Diagnostic Protocols provide all of the information necessary for a named pest to be detected and positively identified. Each Protocol begins with some short general information on the pest (its appearance, relationship with other organisms, host range, effects on host, geographical distribution and identity) and then gives details on detection and identification (including comparison with similar species, requirements for a positive diagnosis). Tests are described in the Appendices and validation data is also provided. Lists of institutes or individuals where further information on that organism can be obtained and references (on the diagnosis, detection/extraction method and test methods) are provided as well.</p><p>Over 150 EPPO Standards on Diagnostic Protocols, including 15 general Standards, have now been approved and published (including the revised Standards published here). Each Standard is numbered in the style PM 7/4 (1), meaning an EPPO Standard on Phytosanitary Measures (PM), in series no. 7 (Diagnostic Protocols), in this case Standard no. 4, first version.</p><p>The ","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"310-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>This issue of the EPPO Bulletin, includes examples of our collective achievements in developing and refining the resources that underpin plant protection. The Standards and research featured in this edition reflect EPPO member countries' shared commitment to advancing plant health. By developing robust Standards, revising existing tools, and fostering international collaboration, we collectively enhance our ability to protect plants and ecosystems in a changing environment. This is described also in the Annual Report 2023 that is published in this issue.</p><p>This issue highlights advancements in key areas of plant protection, for example new inspection protocols for inspection of growing media, inspection for invasive alien plants and inspection of passengers' luggage. These Standards enhance phytosanitary measures at points of entry, address emerging risks, and reinforce the tools available to member countries. A revised Standard on safe use of biological control provides guidance on import and release of non-indigenous biological control agents.</p><p>In diagnostics, the revision of existing EPPO Diagnostic Standards demonstrates our commitment to maintaining high-quality, up-to-date tools for detecting and identifying regulated pests. These revisions ensure consistency with the latest scientific knowledge and technical advancements. Additionally, the inclusion of updated guidance on laboratory authorization ensures the continued reliability of diagnostic activities across the EPPO region.</p><p>A large number of Standards were approved by EPPO Council meeting in Baku in September this year, To keep the content in each issue reasonably balanced, the PP1 Standards will be printed only in the April 2025 issue. They have already been made available online via early view.</p><p>A significant milestone recognized in this issue is the successful completion of the EPPO datasheet project. This initiative has produced a comprehensive library of 319 new and revised datasheets with practical information on pests of concern. EPPO's work on datasheets will continue, although at a reduced level, and the datasheet for the invasive alien plant <i>Zizania latifolia</i>, included in this issue, is one produced outside of the scope of this project.</p><p>This edition also includes original research articles that provide valuable insights into pest and disease management. Topics range from the first detection of a leafhopper in a region in Germany, to the role of natural enemies in biological control of cereal aphids, to diagnostic innovations emphasizing the importance of sample pretreatment for the diagnosis of <i>Synchytrium endobioticum</i>. These findings bridge research and practice, helping to inform and improve phytosanitary measures. The valuable database EPPO-Q-bank is also presented in this issue.</p><p>My term as Director-General at EPPO finishes at the end of the year. I have just started the process of handing over to my successor, Ms. Olga Lavr
{"title":"Editorial December 2024","authors":"Nico Horn","doi":"10.1111/epp.13070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This issue of the EPPO Bulletin, includes examples of our collective achievements in developing and refining the resources that underpin plant protection. The Standards and research featured in this edition reflect EPPO member countries' shared commitment to advancing plant health. By developing robust Standards, revising existing tools, and fostering international collaboration, we collectively enhance our ability to protect plants and ecosystems in a changing environment. This is described also in the Annual Report 2023 that is published in this issue.</p><p>This issue highlights advancements in key areas of plant protection, for example new inspection protocols for inspection of growing media, inspection for invasive alien plants and inspection of passengers' luggage. These Standards enhance phytosanitary measures at points of entry, address emerging risks, and reinforce the tools available to member countries. A revised Standard on safe use of biological control provides guidance on import and release of non-indigenous biological control agents.</p><p>In diagnostics, the revision of existing EPPO Diagnostic Standards demonstrates our commitment to maintaining high-quality, up-to-date tools for detecting and identifying regulated pests. These revisions ensure consistency with the latest scientific knowledge and technical advancements. Additionally, the inclusion of updated guidance on laboratory authorization ensures the continued reliability of diagnostic activities across the EPPO region.</p><p>A large number of Standards were approved by EPPO Council meeting in Baku in September this year, To keep the content in each issue reasonably balanced, the PP1 Standards will be printed only in the April 2025 issue. They have already been made available online via early view.</p><p>A significant milestone recognized in this issue is the successful completion of the EPPO datasheet project. This initiative has produced a comprehensive library of 319 new and revised datasheets with practical information on pests of concern. EPPO's work on datasheets will continue, although at a reduced level, and the datasheet for the invasive alien plant <i>Zizania latifolia</i>, included in this issue, is one produced outside of the scope of this project.</p><p>This edition also includes original research articles that provide valuable insights into pest and disease management. Topics range from the first detection of a leafhopper in a region in Germany, to the role of natural enemies in biological control of cereal aphids, to diagnostic innovations emphasizing the importance of sample pretreatment for the diagnosis of <i>Synchytrium endobioticum</i>. These findings bridge research and practice, helping to inform and improve phytosanitary measures. The valuable database EPPO-Q-bank is also presented in this issue.</p><p>My term as Director-General at EPPO finishes at the end of the year. I have just started the process of handing over to my successor, Ms. Olga Lavr","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"257-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual Standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of EPPO.
EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this set of EPPO Standards is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.
Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual Standard (as appropriate).
EPPO Phytosanitary Procedures are intended to be used by NPPOs in their capacity as bodies responsible for the inspection and testing of plants and plant products moving in trade, or for the implementation of surveys against quarantine pests.
These definitions are extracted from the Glossary of phytosanitary terms (IPPC, 2024):
Inspection: Official visual examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles to determine if pests are present and/or to determine compliance with phytosanitary regulations.
Monitoring: An official ongoing process to verify phytosanitary situations.
Phytosanitary procedure: Any official method for implementing phytosanitary measures, including the performance of inspections, tests, surveillance or treatments in connection with regulated pests.
Survey (of pests): An official procedure conducted over a defined period to determine the presence or absence of pests, or the boundaries or characteristics of a pest population, in an area, place of production or production site.
Test: Official examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles, other than visual, to determine if pests are present, identify pests or determine compliance with specific phytosanitary requirements.
EPPO Standards on phytosanitary procedures describe the methods to be followed for performing inspections or tests of commodities moving in trade, or surveys against quarantine pests.
Methods to be followed for performing treatments of commodities and treatments of crops for containment or eradication of regulated pests are included in series PM10.
EPPO Standards on phytosanitary procedures arise from the programmes of activity of the EPPO Panels on Phytosanitary Measures, on Phytosanitary Measures for Potato, and on Phytosanitary Procedures.
The full list of phytosanitary procedures Standards (Series PM3) is available at https://www.eppo.int/RESOURCES/eppo_standards/pm3_procedures with direct links to the Standards in the EPPO Bulletin.
This issue of the EPPO Bulletin includes one new Standard on phytosanitary procedures; PM 3/94(1) Inspection of places of production- Citrus plants for planting.
{"title":"Introduction to PM 3 Standards on Phytosanitary procedures","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>EPPO Standards are approved by the EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual Standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of EPPO.</p><p>EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this set of EPPO Standards is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.</p><p>Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual Standard (as appropriate).</p><p>EPPO Phytosanitary Procedures are intended to be used by NPPOs in their capacity as bodies responsible for the inspection and testing of plants and plant products moving in trade, or for the implementation of surveys against quarantine pests.</p><p>These definitions are extracted from the Glossary of phytosanitary terms (IPPC, <span>2024</span>):</p><p><i>Inspection</i>: Official visual examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles to determine if pests are present and/or to determine compliance with phytosanitary regulations.</p><p><i>Monitoring</i>: An official ongoing process to verify phytosanitary situations.</p><p><i>Phytosanitary procedure</i>: Any official method for implementing phytosanitary measures, including the performance of inspections, tests, surveillance or treatments in connection with regulated pests.</p><p><i>Survey</i> (of pests): An official procedure conducted over a defined period to determine the presence or absence of pests, or the boundaries or characteristics of a pest population, in an area, place of production or production site.</p><p><i>Test</i>: Official examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles, other than visual, to determine if pests are present, identify pests or determine compliance with specific phytosanitary requirements.</p><p>EPPO Standards on phytosanitary procedures describe the methods to be followed for performing inspections or tests of commodities moving in trade, or surveys against quarantine pests.</p><p>Methods to be followed for performing treatments of commodities and treatments of crops for containment or eradication of regulated pests are included in series PM10.</p><p>EPPO Standards on phytosanitary procedures arise from the programmes of activity of the EPPO Panels on Phytosanitary Measures, on Phytosanitary Measures for Potato, and on Phytosanitary Procedures.</p><p>The full list of phytosanitary procedures Standards (Series PM3) is available at https://www.eppo.int/RESOURCES/eppo_standards/pm3_procedures with direct links to the Standards in the <i>EPPO Bulletin</i>.</p><p>This issue of the EPPO Bulletin includes one new Standard on phytosanitary procedures; PM 3/94(1) Inspection of places of production- <i>Citrus</i> plants for planting.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"259-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapport annuel et recommandations du Conseil pour 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>En raison d’un manque de place, le rapport annuel en français ne sera pas publié dans le Bulletin OEPP. Il est. disponible sur.</p><p>\u0000 https://www.eppo.int/ABOUT_EPPO/annual_reports\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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