The Panel considered that these protocols were too old (approved in 2001), outdated in their content and consequently would need to be completely rewritten. In addition, these EPPO A2 pests are considered now to be relatively widespread in the EPPO region. The Panel considered that these are not pests of particular concern and therefore not a priority for EPPO's diagnostic work. It was therefore decided to withdraw the 2 protocols.
Since the 1970s, EPPO has been producing datasheets to provide NPPOs of its member countries with short descriptions of the pests that are included in the EPPO A1 and A2 Lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. Over time, the EPPO datasheets have been produced in the form of short papers published in the EPPO Bulletin, and in collaboration with CABI, in the two editions of the reference book ‘Quarantine Pests for Europe’. In 2020, a project co-financed by EPPO and the European Commission was initiated with the objectives to update the contents of the EPPO datasheets and to transform them into dynamic datasheets displayed in the EPPO Global Database (https://gd.eppo.int). EPPO datasheets follow a standardized format and some of their sections, i.e. pest identity, host, and geographical distribution are automatically generated from the database, thus greatly facilitating the update of this information which may change rapidly.
A list of 319 pests was agreed between EPPO and the European Commission, and a grant agreement was signed in March 2020 for a 4.5 year period, establishing the conditions of the collaboration and co-financing. For each of these 319 pests, experts from all over the world were appointed and were given the challenging task to produce new or revised datasheets within 2–3 months. The role of the EPPO Secretariat has been to select authors according to their knowledge about the pests concerned, ensure consistency between datasheets, and coordinate the whole project. Specific IT tools have been developed in-house to manage the development of hundreds of datasheets, with many different experts over a 4.5-year period. Bilateral teleconferences were also regularly organized between EPPO and the European Commission to monitor the progress of the project.
In September 2024, the EPPO Secretariat could proudly announced that the 319 datasheets were all published in the EPPO Global Database.
This project has mobilized more than 170 authors from 40 countries, as well as a large part of the EPPO Secretariat (scientific officers and administrative staff). Although demanding, this project has created useful synergies and contributed to enrich the contents of the EPPO Global Database. In most cases, authors have provided additional information (e.g. host plants, geographical records), as well as pictures of pests. Furthermore, this project has contributed to enlarge the EPPO network within the EPPO region and worldwide.
The EPPO Secretariat would like to thank the European Commission for this fruitful collaboration. All authors should be warmly thanked for their dedication to this project, without their enthusiastic participation this successful outcome would not have been possible.
Workflow
These guidelines describe the process and requirements for authorization of a laboratory by a National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) to perform diagnostic activities for regulated pests. This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO Diagnostic Standards.
Approved as an EPPO Standard in 2016-09.1 Revised in 2024-09 following the revision of the NAPPO Standard RSPM 9 on the Authorization of Laboratories for Phytosanitary Testing (NAPPO, 2021).
Authors and contributors are given in the Acknowledgements section.
In many countries the diagnostics for regulated pests are performed in laboratories of the NPPO or in governmental agencies/institutes working for the NPPO (hereafter called NPPO laboratories). However, in some countries NPPOs authorize other laboratories to perform pest diagnostic activities, and this is an increasing trend in the EPPO region.
In 2016, guidelines for the authorization of laboratories were established to ensure harmonization across the EPPO region. Specific regulations have been established in some countries (e.g. the regulation 2017/625/EU2 for EU countries).
In order to be authorized to perform diagnostics for regulated pests, laboratories should agree to fulfil a number of obligations including the ones listed in Section 3.1. prior to authorization. Laboratories should also meet the requirements detailed in Section 3.2 before applying for authorization. If the laboratory is accredited under ISO 17025 for activities covered under the scope of the authorization, it is considered to fulfil the technical requirements described for these activities below.
In August 2024, adult individuals of Scaphoideus titanus were detected for the first time in Germany on yellow sticky traps in two different vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in Baden-Württemberg. This leafhopper is the main vector of Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FD). According to initial analyses, however, the flavescence dorée-causing phytoplasma could not be detected in the trapped leafhoppers. An area of 80 hectares of non-contiguous vineyards is declared as infested.
The EPPO Panel on Invasive Alien Plants would like to update some information presented in EPPO Standard PM 5/6 (1) EPPO Prioritization Process for Invasive Alien Plants (EPPO, 2012a).
In PM 5/6, the references to the EPPO Standard PM 3/67 Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported should be deleted. The Standard was withdrawn in 2023.
The references to ISPM no. 11 (Pest Risk Analyses for Quarantine Pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms) should be changed to ISPM 11 Pest Risk Analyses for Quarantine Pests.
The text which states:
‘The guidelines on pest risk analysis of EPPO Standard PM 5/3 Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests should be followed for the performance of a PRA’.
should be replaced by.
‘The guidelines on pest risk analysis of EPPO Standard PM 5/3 Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests may be followed for the performance of a PRA or, for a simplified scheme, the EPPO Standard PM 5/5 Decision-support scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis (EPPO, 2012b), and the additional guidance can be used.’
The reference to EPPO Plant Quarantine Data Retrieval system (PQR) should be changed to EPPO Global Database: https://gd.eppo.int/. This resource should be used to cross-check the validity of species names cited in the Standard.
Other specific updates
Additional resources to assess the distribution and origin of plants include:
Plants of the World Online: https://powo.science.kew.org/
The World Flora Online: https://www.worldfloraonline.org/
Reference to specific EUNIS habitat types has been updated and the following website should be consulted for up-to-date classifications: https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/
Köppen-Geiger high-resolution maps have been recently updated for six approximately 30- year periods within 1901-2099: https://www.gloh2o.org/koppen/
For up-to-date maps of biogeographical regions in Europe consulate: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/biogeographical-regions-in-europe-2
The DAISIE database is available via https://www.gbif.org/dataset/39f36f10-559b-427f-8c86-2d28afff68ca
The Global Invasive Species Information Network (GISIN) website is no longer available.
The Global Invasive Species database is available via https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/
An additional resource for introduced and invasive species is the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species: https://griis.org/
Cereal grains both for human consumption and animal feed are an essential component of global food systems. However, during production they are often targeted by various pest insects, including aphids. A survey was carried out from 2017 to 2021 in six cereal production sites in Tunisia to evaluate aphid diversity and identify natural enemies on Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (durum wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Avena sativa (oat) and Triticum secale (triticale). Six aphid species belonging to four genera were recorded: Diuraphis noxia, Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae and Sitobion fragariae. Among these, S. avenae and R. padi emerged as the most prevalent species across the majority of sites, infesting durum wheat, barley and triticale. Sc. graminum, R. maidis and D. noxia were less frequent, while S. fragariae was exclusively found on oat plants. Common aphid predators observed included Coccinella algerica, Hippodamia variegata and C. undecimpunctata, as well as syrphid flies such as Episyrphus balteatus and Sphaerophoria rueppellii. Lysiphlebus testaceipes was the sole parasitoid species detected, emerging exclusively from R. padi and R. maidis mummies. Furthermore, the study on the efficacy of L. testaceipes against R. maidis indicated that parasitism levels increased with the number of introduced parasitoid pairs. Aphid and natural enemy diversity were also evaluated.
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