Pub Date : 2016-08-17DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078378
I. Ulnicane
In recent years, the 'Grand Challenges' idea has become widely used in research and innovation policy around the world, shifting the focus to tackling global societal problems in areas such as energy, health and environment through boundary spanning collaborations. This paper traces origins and global diffusion of the concept and analyses it in the context of long-term development of science, technology and innovation policy. It argues that the content and organisational dimensions of the Grand Challenges concept represent both continuity and change in research and innovation policy: although the concept draws on traditional and more recent ideas about the social function of science and collaborations among heterogeneous actors, its focus on tackling large-scale global societal problems is novel. Scientific leaders and the private sector have played an important role in the emergence and diffusion of the concept, which was afterwards taken up by international organisations, national governments and research organisations.
{"title":"Grand Challenges concept: a return of the big ideas in science, technology and innovation policy?","authors":"I. Ulnicane","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078378","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the 'Grand Challenges' idea has become widely used in research and innovation policy around the world, shifting the focus to tackling global societal problems in areas such as energy, health and environment through boundary spanning collaborations. This paper traces origins and global diffusion of the concept and analyses it in the context of long-term development of science, technology and innovation policy. It argues that the content and organisational dimensions of the Grand Challenges concept represent both continuity and change in research and innovation policy: although the concept draws on traditional and more recent ideas about the social function of science and collaborations among heterogeneous actors, its focus on tackling large-scale global societal problems is novel. Scientific leaders and the private sector have played an important role in the emergence and diffusion of the concept, which was afterwards taken up by international organisations, national governments and research organisations.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"42 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074392
P. Davis, Neil Pyper
This article considers the potential for actor network theory (ANT) to cast new light on scenarios, and how they can make change happen when they are implemented. The goal is to challenge the current dominance of cognitive Intuitive Logic theories, which we find variously wanting. ANT is applied in a hypothetical hierarchical situation composed of two central actors, the dominant planning network and the network to be planned. Their collision generates four hypothetical scenario outputs, only one of which is officially sanctioned, two which might cause instability or turn on the makers and one which needs the support that only ANT can provide. Our tracing of scenario moves needs, though, other pragmatist theory beyond ANT, as well as theories of objects' affect, if a more satisfactory theory of scenario implementation is to be forged.
{"title":"Applying actor network theory and pragmatist thinking to the process of implementing scenarios","authors":"P. Davis, Neil Pyper","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074392","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the potential for actor network theory (ANT) to cast new light on scenarios, and how they can make change happen when they are implemented. The goal is to challenge the current dominance of cognitive Intuitive Logic theories, which we find variously wanting. ANT is applied in a hypothetical hierarchical situation composed of two central actors, the dominant planning network and the network to be planned. Their collision generates four hypothetical scenario outputs, only one of which is officially sanctioned, two which might cause instability or turn on the makers and one which needs the support that only ANT can provide. Our tracing of scenario moves needs, though, other pragmatist theory beyond ANT, as well as theories of objects' affect, if a more satisfactory theory of scenario implementation is to be forged.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"88-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66791653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074396
S. Mcgrail, C. Riedy
Many management scholars and some practitioners argue that scenario planning remains under-theorised, that it has a weak evidence base, and that, in practice, it is often too reactive. Responding to these critiques, we contribute to the development of sociologically informed scenario practices, which are more proactive (or 'transformative'). The paper is grounded in an examination of scenario practices at CSIRO (Australia's national science organisation), focused on the Future Fuels Forum, and a theory of social fields. The case illustrates that both convening a scenario exercise and the construction and/or use of scenarios can be forms of context-specific strategic action, often aimed at inducing cooperation as part of a skilled social action. It also illustrates that the impacts of scenario exercises are influenced by the fluidity of the situation and associated field-level processes; the social skill of actors and their ability to construct and use scenarios in ways that help to solve related problems; and the outcomes of political processes. We also identify key implications for practice.
{"title":"Creating scenarios or creating and sustaining social worlds? Towards new sociological understandings of the use and impacts of scenario planning","authors":"S. Mcgrail, C. Riedy","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074396","url":null,"abstract":"Many management scholars and some practitioners argue that scenario planning remains under-theorised, that it has a weak evidence base, and that, in practice, it is often too reactive. Responding to these critiques, we contribute to the development of sociologically informed scenario practices, which are more proactive (or 'transformative'). The paper is grounded in an examination of scenario practices at CSIRO (Australia's national science organisation), focused on the Future Fuels Forum, and a theory of social fields. The case illustrates that both convening a scenario exercise and the construction and/or use of scenarios can be forms of context-specific strategic action, often aimed at inducing cooperation as part of a skilled social action. It also illustrates that the impacts of scenario exercises are influenced by the fluidity of the situation and associated field-level processes; the social skill of actors and their ability to construct and use scenarios in ways that help to solve related problems; and the outcomes of political processes. We also identify key implications for practice.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"103-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66791794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074394
Walter Mswaka
The concept of social entrepreneurship is increasingly attracting interest as an area of academic scrutiny. Despite this development there is very little scholarly attention given to the way social enterprises plan and develop strategies to address challenges posed by changes in the environment in which they operate. Drawing on a qualitative case study of two enterprises, this study explores the role of scenario planning in the social enterprise sector. The result shows that this strategic management planning technique, traditionally associated with large capitalised commercial enterprises, is becoming a key component of the practice of social enterprises in South Yorkshire.
{"title":"Scenario planning in social enterprises; the case of South Yorkshire","authors":"Walter Mswaka","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074394","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of social entrepreneurship is increasingly attracting interest as an area of academic scrutiny. Despite this development there is very little scholarly attention given to the way social enterprises plan and develop strategies to address challenges posed by changes in the environment in which they operate. Drawing on a qualitative case study of two enterprises, this study explores the role of scenario planning in the social enterprise sector. The result shows that this strategic management planning technique, traditionally associated with large capitalised commercial enterprises, is becoming a key component of the practice of social enterprises in South Yorkshire.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1504/ijfip.2015.074395
Richard B. Nyuur, R. Brečić, P. Sobiesuo
This study empirically examines the impact of 'first-order' foresight capabilities on small and medium enterprise (SME) product/service adaptiveness (PSA). It further tests the moderating effect of environment dynamism (IND) on the associations between these first-order foresight capabilities and SME PSA. The results of the study have endorsed that foresight capabilities, specifically, environmental scanning, developing network ties, analysing, industry dynamics, and planning and visioning all have high level of direct impact on SMEs ability to strategically adapt their products or services to the market and customer needs. However, the results find no support for the interaction effect of industry dynamics on these associations. These findings contribute to the foresight and capabilities literature. Research and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Foresight capabilities and SME product/service adaptiveness: the moderating effect of industry dynamism","authors":"Richard B. Nyuur, R. Brečić, P. Sobiesuo","doi":"10.1504/ijfip.2015.074395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfip.2015.074395","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically examines the impact of 'first-order' foresight capabilities on small and medium enterprise (SME) product/service adaptiveness (PSA). It further tests the moderating effect of environment dynamism (IND) on the associations between these first-order foresight capabilities and SME PSA. The results of the study have endorsed that foresight capabilities, specifically, environmental scanning, developing network ties, analysing, industry dynamics, and planning and visioning all have high level of direct impact on SMEs ability to strategically adapt their products or services to the market and customer needs. However, the results find no support for the interaction effect of industry dynamics on these associations. These findings contribute to the foresight and capabilities literature. Research and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijfip.2015.074395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074391
K. Vishnevskiy, A. Grebenyuk, Alexey Kindras, D. Meissner
Technology and market roadmapping are well-established instruments for companies' research and innovation planning. Recent advances in the literature have developed approaches to integrate technology and market roadmaps to allow a more comprehensive understanding of technology development. Inspired by the companies' widespread implementation of integrated roadmaps, public authorities have recently begun to adopt this tool for identifying science, technology and innovation priorities nationally. Making public investment in science, technology and innovation a priority is essential as countries must often make strategic choices about where to invest due to limited public resources. Accordingly, a thorough analysis of potential fields is required which provides a reasonable ratio of cost and expected value of the investment. The paper develops an integrated approach of roadmapping and scenario planning for public authorities' priority setting in science, technology and innovation. The methodology combines foresight, roadmapping and scenario planning in particular and then tests this methodology using a case study on priority setting in Russia.
{"title":"Integration of roadmapping and scenario planning for implementing science, technology and innovation strategic priorities - the case of Russia","authors":"K. Vishnevskiy, A. Grebenyuk, Alexey Kindras, D. Meissner","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074391","url":null,"abstract":"Technology and market roadmapping are well-established instruments for companies' research and innovation planning. Recent advances in the literature have developed approaches to integrate technology and market roadmaps to allow a more comprehensive understanding of technology development. Inspired by the companies' widespread implementation of integrated roadmaps, public authorities have recently begun to adopt this tool for identifying science, technology and innovation priorities nationally. Making public investment in science, technology and innovation a priority is essential as countries must often make strategic choices about where to invest due to limited public resources. Accordingly, a thorough analysis of potential fields is required which provides a reasonable ratio of cost and expected value of the investment. The paper develops an integrated approach of roadmapping and scenario planning for public authorities' priority setting in science, technology and innovation. The methodology combines foresight, roadmapping and scenario planning in particular and then tests this methodology using a case study on priority setting in Russia.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"126-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66791547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074393
J. Amankwah‐Amoah, Hongxu Zhang
In spite of a growing body of literature on business failures in China and the effects of government policy, our understanding of the current state of knowledge remains unclear. The study advances research on the subject by developing the 'four-parties' framework to review and synthesises the literature. The paper lays the groundwork for an integrated understanding of the causes and consequences of business failure. In sharp contrast with the evolution and development of western-based business failure research, much of the literature on China and the Chinese firms have focused largely on business failure prediction models by bypassing the traditional evolution from qualitative case study/story approaches to quantitative-based approaches. The study outlines the important implications and promising avenues for future research.
{"title":"Business failure research: a review of the Chinese experience","authors":"J. Amankwah‐Amoah, Hongxu Zhang","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074393","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of a growing body of literature on business failures in China and the effects of government policy, our understanding of the current state of knowledge remains unclear. The study advances research on the subject by developing the 'four-parties' framework to review and synthesises the literature. The paper lays the groundwork for an integrated understanding of the causes and consequences of business failure. In sharp contrast with the evolution and development of western-based business failure research, much of the literature on China and the Chinese firms have focused largely on business failure prediction models by bypassing the traditional evolution from qualitative case study/story approaches to quantitative-based approaches. The study outlines the important implications and promising avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2015.074393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66791770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2016.10005514
Carmem Leal, Carlos Peixeira Marques, C. Marques, V. Ratten
Intellectual capital is changing into an important issue for a firm's long-term profit and performance within the knowledge-based economy as many firms determine their core competence as invisible assets instead of visible assets. In this article, we example the role of intellectual capital in terms of how it affects organisational strategy. Based on a sample of Portuguese firms from diverse industries (trading, service, finance, and technology), we examine the role of top manager's judgement on the role of intellectual capital on organisational strategy. The findings reveal that Portuguese managers do acknowledge the importance of intellectual capital and its components have a significant positive relationship with firms' organisational strategy. Future research suggestions and practical implications are discussed in the article, which stress the role of intellectual capital being one of the most important assets for a firm's strategy regardless of industry structure.
{"title":"The role of intellectual capital and corporate strategy on sustainable value creation","authors":"Carmem Leal, Carlos Peixeira Marques, C. Marques, V. Ratten","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2016.10005514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.10005514","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual capital is changing into an important issue for a firm's long-term profit and performance within the knowledge-based economy as many firms determine their core competence as invisible assets instead of visible assets. In this article, we example the role of intellectual capital in terms of how it affects organisational strategy. Based on a sample of Portuguese firms from diverse industries (trading, service, finance, and technology), we examine the role of top manager's judgement on the role of intellectual capital on organisational strategy. The findings reveal that Portuguese managers do acknowledge the importance of intellectual capital and its components have a significant positive relationship with firms' organisational strategy. Future research suggestions and practical implications are discussed in the article, which stress the role of intellectual capital being one of the most important assets for a firm's strategy regardless of industry structure.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"11 1","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2016.084529
Hyrije Abazi-Alili, Veland Ramadani, V. Ratten, Blerta Abazi-Çaushi, Gadaf Rexhepi
In this paper, we introduce a new approach of investigating social entrepreneurship, i.e. we identify the determinants of undertaking social entrepreneurial activities, by conducting empirical analysis in Europe. Using the global entrepreneurship monitor and adult population survey, we argue that (i) social entrepreneurial activities are affected by sociodemographic characteristics and (ii) innovation and social entrepreneurial activities are positively related. We apply appropriate estimation techniques such as probit model for dichotomous variable. Identifying factors which encourage social entrepreneurial activities, with special emphasis on European economies, might be of crucial importance for European policy makers who design programs related to fostering social entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Encouragement factors of social entrepreneurial activities in Europe","authors":"Hyrije Abazi-Alili, Veland Ramadani, V. Ratten, Blerta Abazi-Çaushi, Gadaf Rexhepi","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2016.084529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.084529","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a new approach of investigating social entrepreneurship, i.e. we identify the determinants of undertaking social entrepreneurial activities, by conducting empirical analysis in Europe. Using the global entrepreneurship monitor and adult population survey, we argue that (i) social entrepreneurial activities are affected by sociodemographic characteristics and (ii) innovation and social entrepreneurial activities are positively related. We apply appropriate estimation techniques such as probit model for dichotomous variable. Identifying factors which encourage social entrepreneurial activities, with special emphasis on European economies, might be of crucial importance for European policy makers who design programs related to fostering social entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"11 1","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.084529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJFIP.2016.10005517
R. Palalić, B. Duraković, Azra Branković, O. Ridic
The study examines 173 students at the International University of Sarajevo regarding their entrepreneurial intention towards networking and business environment. The methodology is based on a random sample while various statistical analyses are used to acquire the empirical results. Findings of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation dimensions and business environment, and networking. Moreover, all entrepreneurial dimensions are affected by either business environment or networking. Practical and educational implications are discussed.
这项研究调查了萨拉热窝国际大学(International University of Sarajevo)的173名学生，了解他们在网络和商业环境方面的创业意向。该方法基于随机样本，并使用各种统计分析来获得实证结果。研究发现，创业取向维度与创业环境、创业网络存在正相关关系。此外，所有创业维度都受到商业环境或网络的影响。讨论了实际意义和教育意义。
{"title":"Students’ entrepreneurial orientation intention, business environment and networking: insights from Bosnia and Herzegovina’","authors":"R. Palalić, B. Duraković, Azra Branković, O. Ridic","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2016.10005517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.10005517","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines 173 students at the International University of Sarajevo regarding their entrepreneurial intention towards networking and business environment. The methodology is based on a random sample while various statistical analyses are used to acquire the empirical results. Findings of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation dimensions and business environment, and networking. Moreover, all entrepreneurial dimensions are affected by either business environment or networking. Practical and educational implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"11 1","pages":"240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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