Many scholars have highlighted the importance of economic competitiveness for entrepreneurial activity, and hence economic growth. However, few studies quantitatively analyse the interrelationship between competitiveness and its role in increasing entrepreneurial activity at various stages of development. The aim of this study is to fill this gap in the entrepreneurship literature and to study the causal relationship between the ?pillars? of competitiveness and the different macroeconomic effects of entrepreneurship, mediated by entrepreneurial behaviour, in a panel of 81 factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries during 2012-2017. Using a MIMIC model, the results show that innovation, higher education, and technological readiness have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the three groups of countries. In addition, development of the financial market and market size has a positive impact on entrepreneurship in factor-driven countries. Higher education and institutional strengthening have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurship in the efficiency- and innovation-driven countries, but are not significant in factor-driven countries. Moreover, the impact of infrastructure on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the factor-, efficiency-, and innovationdriven countries is positive. Good entrepreneurial behaviour generates a simultaneous and/or medium-term favourable effect on the growth of gross domestic product, exports, imports, and employment rate. Therefore, besides immediate growth, it also assures sustainable economic and social progress in the analysed countries. Our results confirm previous findings of empirical studies in the field. These findings are consistent with received economic theory on how national context affects entrepreneurial activity.
{"title":"Competitiveness, entrepreneurship, and economic performance: Evidence from factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries","authors":"N. Rostami, Mohsen Khyareh Mohammadi, R. Mazhari","doi":"10.2298/eka1921033r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1921033r","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars have highlighted the importance of economic competitiveness for entrepreneurial activity, and hence economic growth. However, few studies quantitatively analyse the interrelationship between competitiveness and its role in increasing entrepreneurial activity at various stages of development. The aim of this study is to fill this gap in the entrepreneurship literature and to study the causal relationship between the ?pillars? of competitiveness and the different macroeconomic effects of entrepreneurship, mediated by entrepreneurial behaviour, in a panel of 81 factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries during 2012-2017. Using a MIMIC model, the results show that innovation, higher education, and technological readiness have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the three groups of countries. In addition, development of the financial market and market size has a positive impact on entrepreneurship in factor-driven countries. Higher education and institutional strengthening have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurship in the efficiency- and innovation-driven countries, but are not significant in factor-driven countries. Moreover, the impact of infrastructure on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the factor-, efficiency-, and innovationdriven countries is positive. Good entrepreneurial behaviour generates a simultaneous and/or medium-term favourable effect on the growth of gross domestic product, exports, imports, and employment rate. Therefore, besides immediate growth, it also assures sustainable economic and social progress in the analysed countries. Our results confirm previous findings of empirical studies in the field. These findings are consistent with received economic theory on how national context affects entrepreneurial activity.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to research the impact of minimum wage on unemployment, prices, and growth for the Turkish economy. The data used is monthly and covers the period from January 2005 to March 2017. The producer price index represents prices and the industrial production index represents growth. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used to see the effect of the minimum wage on these variables. An error-correction based Granger causality test is then conducted to see short-run and long-run causalities. The bounds test yields evidence of a long-run relationship between variables. The obtained ARDL results also show that while the minimum wage has a statistically significant effect on unemployment and prices, it does not have a statistically significant effect on production. While there is short-run causality from minimum wage to prices only, the obtained significant error correction terms indicate long-run causality for all of the variables. Consequently, the minimum wage plays a significant role in increasing prices and the number of unemployed people in Turkey.
{"title":"The impact of minimum wage on unemployment, prices, and growth: A multivariate analysis for Turkey","authors":"B. Kemal, Merve Kocaman","doi":"10.2298/eka1921065k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1921065k","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to research the impact of minimum wage on unemployment, prices, and growth for the Turkish economy. The data used is monthly and covers the period from January 2005 to March 2017. The producer price index represents prices and the industrial production index represents growth. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used to see the effect of the minimum wage on these variables. An error-correction based Granger causality test is then conducted to see short-run and long-run causalities. The bounds test yields evidence of a long-run relationship between variables. The obtained ARDL results also show that while the minimum wage has a statistically significant effect on unemployment and prices, it does not have a statistically significant effect on production. While there is short-run causality from minimum wage to prices only, the obtained significant error correction terms indicate long-run causality for all of the variables. Consequently, the minimum wage plays a significant role in increasing prices and the number of unemployed people in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the impact of relevant factors on merchandise exports, volume growth, and the competitiveness of euro-area countries. It uses panel regressions to explain the development of merchandise exports in the euro-area countries by various price/cost competitiveness indicators, development of foreign and domestic demand, and the structure of merchandise exports. A cointegration analysis of panel time series was established by applying econometric tests and the cointegration equation for the period 1999-2018 was estimated using FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) and DOLS (Dynamic OLS) estimators. We show that the increase in the share of information communication technology (ICT) product exports in the total merchandise exports of euro-area members had a positive impact on their export performance. The empirical results show that foreign demand has a positive impact on real merchandise exports, while the estimated coefficients decreased from the lower to upper quantiles. The results regarding price and cost competitiveness differ depending on the choice of indicators, but in general they are less robust. Therefore, we conclude that in the long run, non-price factors will play an increasingly important role in strengthening the competitive position of euro-area countries in international markets.
{"title":"The export performance of the euro area: A panel quantile regression approach","authors":"Radovan Kovacevic","doi":"10.2298/eka1922007k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1922007k","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of relevant factors on merchandise exports, volume growth, and the competitiveness of euro-area countries. It uses panel regressions to explain the development of merchandise exports in the euro-area countries by various price/cost competitiveness indicators, development of foreign and domestic demand, and the structure of merchandise exports. A cointegration analysis of panel time series was established by applying econometric tests and the cointegration equation for the period 1999-2018 was estimated using FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) and DOLS (Dynamic OLS) estimators. We show that the increase in the share of information communication technology (ICT) product exports in the total merchandise exports of euro-area members had a positive impact on their export performance. The empirical results show that foreign demand has a positive impact on real merchandise exports, while the estimated coefficients decreased from the lower to upper quantiles. The results regarding price and cost competitiveness differ depending on the choice of indicators, but in general they are less robust. Therefore, we conclude that in the long run, non-price factors will play an increasingly important role in strengthening the competitive position of euro-area countries in international markets.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main implica-tions of Lo’s Adaptive Markets Hypoth-esis (2004, 2012, 2017) is that returns of virtually all assets can change over time. We present a local linear trend smoothing method by which this phenomenon can be captured empirically. Moreover, we in-troduce two localised, amended goodness-of-fit indicators capable of capturing both the direction and the continuity of recently observed price trends. Our related empiri-cal investigation is based on a sample of 30 German blue-chip stock price series ob-served over a period of more than 16 years. Its results indicate that the use of these in-dicators as a stock-screening device can be a more useful means of identifying stocks with a superior risk/return profile than ap-plying a conventional momentum strategy. The validity of this finding is underscored by statistical significance tests based on a Moving Blocks Bootstrap procedure.
{"title":"A risk-sensitive momentum approach to stock selection","authors":"Tina Kalayil, S. Tyagi, M. Khatun, S. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2298/EKA1920061K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1920061K","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main implica-tions of Lo’s Adaptive Markets Hypoth-esis (2004, 2012, 2017) is that returns of virtually all assets can change over time. We present a local linear trend smoothing method by which this phenomenon can be captured empirically. Moreover, we in-troduce two localised, amended goodness-of-fit indicators capable of capturing both the direction and the continuity of recently observed price trends. Our related empiri-cal investigation is based on a sample of 30 German blue-chip stock price series ob-served over a period of more than 16 years. Its results indicate that the use of these in-dicators as a stock-screening device can be a more useful means of identifying stocks with a superior risk/return profile than ap-plying a conventional momentum strategy. The validity of this finding is underscored by statistical significance tests based on a Moving Blocks Bootstrap procedure.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper builds an overlapping generations household economy model in a rural set up and examines the relationship between landholding and child labour in the presence of unemployment in the manufacturing sector. We find that irrespective of whether the parents work as agricultural labourers or work on their own land, an increase in landholding size leads to a decline in the child worker?s schooling in the short run and a decline in the growth rate of human capital formation in the long run, but may lead to an increase in steady state human capital in the long run.
{"title":"Will an increase in landholding size reduce child labour in the presence of unemployment? A theoretical analysis","authors":"Kamalika Chakraborty, Bidisha Chakraborty","doi":"10.2298/eka1921085c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1921085c","url":null,"abstract":"This paper builds an overlapping generations household economy model in a rural set up and examines the relationship between landholding and child labour in the presence of unemployment in the manufacturing sector. We find that irrespective of whether the parents work as agricultural labourers or work on their own land, an increase in landholding size leads to a decline in the child worker?s schooling in the short run and a decline in the growth rate of human capital formation in the long run, but may lead to an increase in steady state human capital in the long run.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper investigates the relationship between job design and workrelated attitudes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment) in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. We use data collected via an online questionnaire (using the Google Forms platform) from 97 employees working in the ICT sector in Serbia. The data was collected between February and June 2019. The analysis shows that job design is a predictor of both job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Of the five investigated job dimensions (Skill variety, Task identity, Task significance, Autonomy, Feedback from job), ?Autonomy? was the most positively associated with job satisfaction (r=0.629) but was only moderately associated with organisational commitment (r=0.4). The other job dimensions were found to be weakly correlated with the investigated work attitudes, although the relationships were positive. Furthermore, the results indicate that work engagement mediates both investigated relationships, providing a deeper insight into how job design is translated into positive work-related attitudes. We discuss the possible managerial implications of the ?Autonomy? dimension and the interventions in work engagement required to positively influence work-related attitude formation and management in the ICT sector, and we distinguish between ?bottom-up? and ?top-down? interventions.
{"title":"How to increase job satisfaction and organisational commitment in the ICT sector through job design","authors":"Biljana Bogićević-Milikić, Milica Cuckovic","doi":"10.2298/eka1922081b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1922081b","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the relationship between job design and workrelated attitudes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment) in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. We use data collected via an online questionnaire (using the Google Forms platform) from 97 employees working in the ICT sector in Serbia. The data was collected between February and June 2019. The analysis shows that job design is a predictor of both job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Of the five investigated job dimensions (Skill variety, Task identity, Task significance, Autonomy, Feedback from job), ?Autonomy? was the most positively associated with job satisfaction (r=0.629) but was only moderately associated with organisational commitment (r=0.4). The other job dimensions were found to be weakly correlated with the investigated work attitudes, although the relationships were positive. Furthermore, the results indicate that work engagement mediates both investigated relationships, providing a deeper insight into how job design is translated into positive work-related attitudes. We discuss the possible managerial implications of the ?Autonomy? dimension and the interventions in work engagement required to positively influence work-related attitude formation and management in the ICT sector, and we distinguish between ?bottom-up? and ?top-down? interventions.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to empirically investigate the relevance of exogenous growth models in explaining economic growth in three Southern African countries, using the recently developed ARDL bounds-testing approach. Furthermore, the relevance of the convergence hypothesis in these study countries is tested using an extended exogenous growth model. The study results reveal that the predictions of the Solow and augmented Solow growth models are consistent in the three study countries, and that the convergence hypothesis holds. However, when additional factors are taken into account in exogenous growth models, the response of income per capita due to changes in investment and human capital development is slow in economies with low income per capita, such as Malawi and Zambia, compared to South Africa, which is ranked as an economy with a high income per capita. This study has important policy implications in these study countries. These implications include the need for policy makers to ensure that macroeconomic stability is encouraged by reducing government consumption, inflation, and population growth; and by promoting trade in order to allow for the diffusion of technologies from abroad.
{"title":"An empirical test of exogenous growth models: Evidence from three southern African countries","authors":"T. Chirwa, N. Odhiambo","doi":"10.2298/EKA1920007C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1920007C","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to empirically investigate the relevance of exogenous growth models in explaining economic growth in three Southern African countries, using the recently developed ARDL bounds-testing approach. Furthermore, the relevance of the convergence hypothesis in these study countries is tested using an extended exogenous growth model. The study results reveal that the predictions of the Solow and augmented Solow growth models are consistent in the three study countries, and that the convergence hypothesis holds. However, when additional factors are taken into account in exogenous growth models, the response of income per capita due to changes in investment and human capital development is slow in economies with low income per capita, such as Malawi and Zambia, compared to South Africa, which is ranked as an economy with a high income per capita. This study has important policy implications in these study countries. These implications include the need for policy makers to ensure that macroeconomic stability is encouraged by reducing government consumption, inflation, and population growth; and by promoting trade in order to allow for the diffusion of technologies from abroad.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelena Žarković-Rakić, G. Krstić, N. Oruč, W. Bartlett
This paper investigates the relationship between income inequality and different welfare state trajectories that three countries of the former Yugoslavia ?south of the Alps? have taken over the three decades since the breakup of the country in 1990. It is remarkable that three countries emerging from a common (socialist) system have experienced diametrically opposing outcomes regarding inequality. Slovenia has one of the lowest levels of income inequality in Europe, Croatia an average level of inequality, and Serbia one of the highest levels. The paper first examines the extent and nature of income inequality in the three countries before examining the determining causes of inequality, rooted in the evaluation of labour markets, education systems, and tax-benefit systems. It concludes that the divergent transition paths have created the different inequality outcomes observed in the three countries. This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/EKA2024129E
{"title":"Income inequality in transition economies: A comparative analysis of Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia","authors":"Jelena Žarković-Rakić, G. Krstić, N. Oruč, W. Bartlett","doi":"10.2298/eka1923039z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1923039z","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between income inequality and different welfare state trajectories that three countries of the former Yugoslavia ?south of the Alps? have taken over the three decades since the breakup of the country in 1990. It is remarkable that three countries emerging from a common (socialist) system have experienced diametrically opposing outcomes regarding inequality. Slovenia has one of the lowest levels of income inequality in Europe, Croatia an average level of inequality, and Serbia one of the highest levels. The paper first examines the extent and nature of income inequality in the three countries before examining the determining causes of inequality, rooted in the evaluation of labour markets, education systems, and tax-benefit systems. It concludes that the divergent transition paths have created the different inequality outcomes observed in the three countries. This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/EKA2024129E","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyses the op-timal tax policy in an endogenous growth model in a command economy, where the commodity output is produced with only physical capital, and skilled labour is the only input in producing the service good. In the benchmark model, per capita govern-ment expenditure is used to create human capital. Two cases are considered regarding taxation: in the first, tax is imposed on both commodity and service sectors, while in the second only the service sector is taxed. In each case the model derives the optimal tax rate and steady-state growth paths. In the first regime where both sectors are taxed we find the optimal tax rate on the service sec-tor to be zero, but on commodity output it is positive. However, in the second regime there is also a unique optimal tax rate on the service sector to finance human capi-tal accumulation. Comparing the growth rates in both cases we also observe that the imposition of tax on only the service sector instead of on both sectors yields a higher rate of growth if the population growth rate along with the marginal productivity of human capital is sufficiently high. We also show that when the service sector is taxed it may grow at a higher rate than the manu-facturing sector. An extension of the bench-mark model in which government spends tax revenue on accumulation of human capital as well as physical capital confirms that the optimal service tax rate is zero, but the optimal commodity tax rate is positive when both sectors are taxed.
{"title":"Optimal tax policy in an endogenous growth model with a consumable service good","authors":"Senjuti Gupta, Bidisha Chakraborty, T. Chatterjee","doi":"10.2298/EKA1920117G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1920117G","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the op-timal tax policy in an endogenous growth model in a command economy, where the commodity output is produced with only physical capital, and skilled labour is the only input in producing the service good. In the benchmark model, per capita govern-ment expenditure is used to create human capital. Two cases are considered regarding taxation: in the first, tax is imposed on both commodity and service sectors, while in the second only the service sector is taxed. In each case the model derives the optimal tax rate and steady-state growth paths. In the first regime where both sectors are taxed we find the optimal tax rate on the service sec-tor to be zero, but on commodity output it is positive. However, in the second regime there is also a unique optimal tax rate on the service sector to finance human capi-tal accumulation. Comparing the growth rates in both cases we also observe that the imposition of tax on only the service sector instead of on both sectors yields a higher rate of growth if the population growth rate along with the marginal productivity of human capital is sufficiently high. We also show that when the service sector is taxed it may grow at a higher rate than the manu-facturing sector. An extension of the bench-mark model in which government spends tax revenue on accumulation of human capital as well as physical capital confirms that the optimal service tax rate is zero, but the optimal commodity tax rate is positive when both sectors are taxed.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the structure of the part of the global financial network that the banking systems of the Western Balkan countries belong to for the period 2007-2013. The data it uses is mostly from BIS consolidated banking statistics and the methodological tools used are based on network theory. It finds that a few features of the pan-European financial network strongly influence the likelihood of risk transfer to the Western Balkan area. First, the banking systems of the six Western Balkan countries are periphery nodes in the financial network. Second, the network is highly concentrated around a small number of nodes and all other nodes are weakly interconnected. Third, there are three nodes or regional common lenders that have dominant roles in the Western Balkan banking systems: the banking systems of Austria, Italy, and Greece. The conclusion is that in the case of financial distress anywhere in the financial network, risk could easily spread to Western Balkan banking systems, with the interconnections in the financial network having the effect of a risk transmitter. Wherever in the network the initial shock is sufficiently strong, financial contagion could easily spread to the Western Balkan area through the regional common lenders.
{"title":"The structure of financial networks, and Western Balkan banking systems","authors":"Drazen Cvijanovic","doi":"10.2298/eka1921007c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/eka1921007c","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the structure of the part of the global financial network that the banking systems of the Western Balkan countries belong to for the period 2007-2013. The data it uses is mostly from BIS consolidated banking statistics and the methodological tools used are based on network theory. It finds that a few features of the pan-European financial network strongly influence the likelihood of risk transfer to the Western Balkan area. First, the banking systems of the six Western Balkan countries are periphery nodes in the financial network. Second, the network is highly concentrated around a small number of nodes and all other nodes are weakly interconnected. Third, there are three nodes or regional common lenders that have dominant roles in the Western Balkan banking systems: the banking systems of Austria, Italy, and Greece. The conclusion is that in the case of financial distress anywhere in the financial network, risk could easily spread to Western Balkan banking systems, with the interconnections in the financial network having the effect of a risk transmitter. Wherever in the network the initial shock is sufficiently strong, financial contagion could easily spread to the Western Balkan area through the regional common lenders.","PeriodicalId":35023,"journal":{"name":"Economic Annals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68475864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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