Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2018.090704
S. Dhakal, M. Mahmood, R. Bogati
Bridging the energy access divide is critical for meeting Nepal's social and economic development objectives. Under the assumption that there are fertile opportunities for linking energy policy and market prospects, this paper explores the central question: 'to what extent is the current policy environment in Nepal conducive to the uptake of solar energy at the household level?' The paper makes use of an exploratory research approach to data analyses in order to address the research question. The findings reveal that the country's renewable energy market is still in its infancy. Although donor-driven subsidy policy has been successful in promoting the uptake of solar energy, exclusivity of subsidy mechanisms coupled with the lack of cross-sectoral policy harmony are hindering the uptake of solar energy. The paper ends with a discussion on the need for a market-centric impetus to facilitate a renewable energy sector in Nepal.
{"title":"Bridging the energy access divide for sustainable development in South Asia: policies and prospects in Nepal","authors":"S. Dhakal, M. Mahmood, R. Bogati","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2018.090704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2018.090704","url":null,"abstract":"Bridging the energy access divide is critical for meeting Nepal's social and economic development objectives. Under the assumption that there are fertile opportunities for linking energy policy and market prospects, this paper explores the central question: 'to what extent is the current policy environment in Nepal conducive to the uptake of solar energy at the household level?' The paper makes use of an exploratory research approach to data analyses in order to address the research question. The findings reveal that the country's renewable energy market is still in its infancy. Although donor-driven subsidy policy has been successful in promoting the uptake of solar energy, exclusivity of subsidy mechanisms coupled with the lack of cross-sectoral policy harmony are hindering the uptake of solar energy. The paper ends with a discussion on the need for a market-centric impetus to facilitate a renewable energy sector in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":"104-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2018.090704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45540365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011843
Xunpeng Shi, Heng Chen, Yang Yu, F. Wen
Development of policy for variable renewable energy (VRE), such as wind and solar power, could be difficult in developing countries that have limited capacity, limited technical, and fiscal resources. Sri Lanka is such a case. Although Sri Lanka has a potential to develop VRE, the development was neither sufficient nor smooth. This study explores the development of VRE in the 2000s and analyses the impacts of the cost reflective feed-in-tariffs (FITs). The study finds that VRE public policy in Sri Lanka can be improved in a number of ways: better coordination among government agencies; technology specific policy and accommodation of cost dynamics; and redesign of subsidy policies. Generally, the governance mechanism suggested in this research is an innovated structure to coordinate multiple government agencies by specifying policies according to technologies and redesigning the subsidy structures by accommodating the cost dynamics.
{"title":"Development of variable renewable energy policy in developing countries: A case study of Sri Lanka","authors":"Xunpeng Shi, Heng Chen, Yang Yu, F. Wen","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011843","url":null,"abstract":"Development of policy for variable renewable energy (VRE), such as wind and solar power, could be difficult in developing countries that have limited capacity, limited technical, and fiscal resources. Sri Lanka is such a case. Although Sri Lanka has a potential to develop VRE, the development was neither sufficient nor smooth. This study explores the development of VRE in the 2000s and analyses the impacts of the cost reflective feed-in-tariffs (FITs). The study finds that VRE public policy in Sri Lanka can be improved in a number of ways: better coordination among government agencies; technology specific policy and accommodation of cost dynamics; and redesign of subsidy policies. Generally, the governance mechanism suggested in this research is an innovated structure to coordinate multiple government agencies by specifying policies according to technologies and redesigning the subsidy structures by accommodating the cost dynamics.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":"10-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48821502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011844
A. Bhattacharya, Joydeep Ghosh, T. Tezuka, T. Bhattacharya
Bhutan is dedicated to make its economy carbon neutral and to follow the exemplary path of low carbon development in the coming days. In the process of doing so, Bhutan identified that its transport sector is one of the most important sectors to address. Low carbon technology in transport sector is crucial for Bhutan to combat climate change related impacts. In this paper we have identified four different low carbon interventions possible for Bhutan and analysed their impacts on national economy, social welfare, income status and environment as a whole. The study demonstrates that low carbon transport intervention especially electric cars have highest positive macroeconomic impacts in Bhutan but at the cost of increasing urban rural income disparity. This further draws the attention of policy makers to take preventive measures in the case of introducing the policy for electric cars. In this study we also showed that modal shift (private to public transport) also has positive impacts on economy and environment in Bhutan.
{"title":"Assessment of low carbon transport for sustainable development in Bhutan: a general equilibrium approach","authors":"A. Bhattacharya, Joydeep Ghosh, T. Tezuka, T. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011844","url":null,"abstract":"Bhutan is dedicated to make its economy carbon neutral and to follow the exemplary path of low carbon development in the coming days. In the process of doing so, Bhutan identified that its transport sector is one of the most important sectors to address. Low carbon technology in transport sector is crucial for Bhutan to combat climate change related impacts. In this paper we have identified four different low carbon interventions possible for Bhutan and analysed their impacts on national economy, social welfare, income status and environment as a whole. The study demonstrates that low carbon transport intervention especially electric cars have highest positive macroeconomic impacts in Bhutan but at the cost of increasing urban rural income disparity. This further draws the attention of policy makers to take preventive measures in the case of introducing the policy for electric cars. In this study we also showed that modal shift (private to public transport) also has positive impacts on economy and environment in Bhutan.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":"64-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2018.090752
Laura Seelkopf, Hongyan Yang
The current financial crisis has brought Europe to a critical juncture. In this paper, we map fiscally the United States of Europe. We simulate an optimal EU-wide income tax and calculate the implied cross-country transfers. The comparison of the implied transfers with the real transfers shows how insufficient the actual transfers are in reducing income disparities across the EU. Moreover, to evaluate the chances for a stronger European fiscal integration within different (core-) groups of member states, we illustrate the winners and losers from optimal EU-wide income redistribution across the Union. While the need for centralised redistribution grows with the number of heterogeneous member states, the implementation of a European income tax becomes, at the same time, ever more unlikely.
{"title":"European fiscal solidarity: An EU-wide optimal income tax approach","authors":"Laura Seelkopf, Hongyan Yang","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2018.090752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2018.090752","url":null,"abstract":"The current financial crisis has brought Europe to a critical juncture. In this paper, we map fiscally the United States of Europe. We simulate an optimal EU-wide income tax and calculate the implied cross-country transfers. The comparison of the implied transfers with the real transfers shows how insufficient the actual transfers are in reducing income disparities across the EU. Moreover, to evaluate the chances for a stronger European fiscal integration within different (core-) groups of member states, we illustrate the winners and losers from optimal EU-wide income redistribution across the Union. While the need for centralised redistribution grows with the number of heterogeneous member states, the implementation of a European income tax becomes, at the same time, ever more unlikely.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":"145-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2018.090752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49401320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011857
D. Rudenko, Anna Raschetova
In the Soviet Union energy intensity levels remained high. After the Soviet Union breakdown Russia has also been very energy intensive. Although Russia's energy intensity has fallen by nearly 41%, primary energy consumption per capita has increased by 24% since 1998. The current study aims to investigate how different determinants have contributed to the decline in Russia's energy intensity. The cointegration methodology is applied to establish the long-run relationship among the variables influencing energy intensity in Russia. The results show that energy prices and the share of non-carbohydrate energy have significant impact being negatively correlated to changes in energy intensity. A 1% increase in real crude oil price is expected to reduce energy intensity by 0.26% approximately, as well as a 1% increase of the share of alternative energy sources is expected to reduce the energy intensity by 0.86%.
{"title":"Determinants of energy intensity in Russia","authors":"D. Rudenko, Anna Raschetova","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011857","url":null,"abstract":"In the Soviet Union energy intensity levels remained high. After the Soviet Union breakdown Russia has also been very energy intensive. Although Russia's energy intensity has fallen by nearly 41%, primary energy consumption per capita has increased by 24% since 1998. The current study aims to investigate how different determinants have contributed to the decline in Russia's energy intensity. The cointegration methodology is applied to establish the long-run relationship among the variables influencing energy intensity in Russia. The results show that energy prices and the share of non-carbohydrate energy have significant impact being negatively correlated to changes in energy intensity. A 1% increase in real crude oil price is expected to reduce energy intensity by 0.26% approximately, as well as a 1% increase of the share of alternative energy sources is expected to reduce the energy intensity by 0.86%.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":"50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011842
Kensuke Yamaguchi, P. Reubroycharoen, M. Sugiyama, D. Wiwattanadate, H. Yoshikawa, I. Sakata
How can we remove barriers regarding the cross-border electric power trade between Myanmar and Thailand for the promotion of power integration? While Myanmar has traded electricity with China, the bilateral power trade with Thailand has made little progress. Taking some cases such as Dawei, through stakeholder meetings and focus group interviews, using the frameworks derived from a UN literature survey, we have identified the characteristics of distinctive barriers related to fuel types. While coal-fired power projects tend to experience more issues related to economic barriers, hydropower projects are likely to face social barriers, often interrelated with environmental issues. As both barriers are embedded within insufficient legal arrangements, legal technical assistances are crucially required.
{"title":"Cross-border power trade with Myanmar: barriers and their removal from the Thai's perspective","authors":"Kensuke Yamaguchi, P. Reubroycharoen, M. Sugiyama, D. Wiwattanadate, H. Yoshikawa, I. Sakata","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2018.10011842","url":null,"abstract":"How can we remove barriers regarding the cross-border electric power trade between Myanmar and Thailand for the promotion of power integration? While Myanmar has traded electricity with China, the bilateral power trade with Thailand has made little progress. Taking some cases such as Dawei, through stakeholder meetings and focus group interviews, using the frameworks derived from a UN literature survey, we have identified the characteristics of distinctive barriers related to fuel types. While coal-fired power projects tend to experience more issues related to economic barriers, hydropower projects are likely to face social barriers, often interrelated with environmental issues. As both barriers are embedded within insufficient legal arrangements, legal technical assistances are crucially required.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":"30-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-07DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10008756
Christos Triantopoulos, C. Staikouras
The global financial crisis starting in 2007/2008 revealed the structural and diachronic deficiencies of the Greek economy that were depicted in the twin-deficits' problem. The inefficiency of the operation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), due to policy reluctance for structural reforms, fuelled the deterioration of public finances. SOEs, since the state could not adequately finance their operation, entered into a phase of gradual economic rationalisation and harmonisation with the European environment, based, mainly, on the implementation of a privatisation program, which was accompanied by some changes in the institutional framework. The strict fiscal environment, during the recent adjustment period, affected the policy orientation and led to structural changes, focusing on financial constraints, semi-automatic correct procedures and control. Nevertheless, the current situation underlines the need for further and more radical institutional changes in order to improve the SOEs' functioning, as well as their contribution to sustainable public finances.
{"title":"SOEs in Greece: structural reforms, economic crisis and financial constraints","authors":"Christos Triantopoulos, C. Staikouras","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10008756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10008756","url":null,"abstract":"The global financial crisis starting in 2007/2008 revealed the structural and diachronic deficiencies of the Greek economy that were depicted in the twin-deficits' problem. The inefficiency of the operation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), due to policy reluctance for structural reforms, fuelled the deterioration of public finances. SOEs, since the state could not adequately finance their operation, entered into a phase of gradual economic rationalisation and harmonisation with the European environment, based, mainly, on the implementation of a privatisation program, which was accompanied by some changes in the institutional framework. The strict fiscal environment, during the recent adjustment period, affected the policy orientation and led to structural changes, focusing on financial constraints, semi-automatic correct procedures and control. Nevertheless, the current situation underlines the need for further and more radical institutional changes in order to improve the SOEs' functioning, as well as their contribution to sustainable public finances.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"358-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-07DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.087875
M. Miller, D. Gransberg
The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), was enacted by the US Congress to support the economic growth of regions. With this in mind, the state Departments of Transportation (DOT) policies for allocating construction and maintenance funds for infrastructural rehabilitation represent a mechanism to spur economic growth. Economic downturns highlight the importance of a transparent, cost-effective methodology for allocation of scarce resources that provide equity to the entire population of road users. The paper proposes adding social and economic components to the current traffic-based prioritisation method for low-volume, rural bridges in Iowa and evaluates the potential change in the distribution of funding among the state's structurally deficient bridges. The proposed method illustrates the value-added of transportation infrastructure projects to the state's agricultural economy, concluding that the addition of socioeconomic factors to the current decision-making process can increase the net benefit of the investments in low-volume bridges to the state's agricultural economy.
{"title":"Measuring users' impact to support economic growth through Transportation Asset Management planning","authors":"M. Miller, D. Gransberg","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.087875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.087875","url":null,"abstract":"The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), was enacted by the US Congress to support the economic growth of regions. With this in mind, the state Departments of Transportation (DOT) policies for allocating construction and maintenance funds for infrastructural rehabilitation represent a mechanism to spur economic growth. Economic downturns highlight the importance of a transparent, cost-effective methodology for allocation of scarce resources that provide equity to the entire population of road users. The paper proposes adding social and economic components to the current traffic-based prioritisation method for low-volume, rural bridges in Iowa and evaluates the potential change in the distribution of funding among the state's structurally deficient bridges. The proposed method illustrates the value-added of transportation infrastructure projects to the state's agricultural economy, concluding that the addition of socioeconomic factors to the current decision-making process can increase the net benefit of the investments in low-volume bridges to the state's agricultural economy.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"323-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2017.087875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-25DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10006467
P. Drysdale, S. Armstrong, N. Thomas
Foreign direct investment plays an important role in the Australian economy through the provision of capital additional to that which can be mobilised domestically and greater linkages to international markets and value chains. By creating a global market for Australian assets, FDI provides Australians with a stronger incentive to invest and grow their own assets. This paper suggests additional reforms that would enhance the operation of the investment regime and strengthen the investment environment. The reforms suggested seek to maintain Australia's attractiveness as an investment destination and ensure that incoming investment continues to drive productivity and income growth in the nation's interest.
{"title":"Chinese ODI and the deficiencies of Australia's foreign investment regime","authors":"P. Drysdale, S. Armstrong, N. Thomas","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10006467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10006467","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign direct investment plays an important role in the Australian economy through the provision of capital additional to that which can be mobilised domestically and greater linkages to international markets and value chains. By creating a global market for Australian assets, FDI provides Australians with a stronger incentive to invest and grow their own assets. This paper suggests additional reforms that would enhance the operation of the investment regime and strengthen the investment environment. The reforms suggested seek to maintain Australia's attractiveness as an investment destination and ensure that incoming investment continues to drive productivity and income growth in the nation's interest.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"277-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-25DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10006451
Mei Wang, Zhen Qi, Jijing Zhang
This paper aims to facilitate China's globalisation process and to enable destination countries to benefit from Chinese ODI potential by having a clear understanding of the institutional background against which Chinese SOEs have participated in ODI. It reviews the current and emerging trends in China's direct investment abroad. It also looks at the issues arising from the predominance of state-ownership of China's companies investing overseas along with the impact of the reforms state-owned companies have undergone and are currently undertaking.
{"title":"China's rising outbound investment: trends and issues","authors":"Mei Wang, Zhen Qi, Jijing Zhang","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10006451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10006451","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to facilitate China's globalisation process and to enable destination countries to benefit from Chinese ODI potential by having a clear understanding of the institutional background against which Chinese SOEs have participated in ODI. It reviews the current and emerging trends in China's direct investment abroad. It also looks at the issues arising from the predominance of state-ownership of China's companies investing overseas along with the impact of the reforms state-owned companies have undergone and are currently undertaking.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"171-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43309276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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