Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p426-433
Gabriela F. Gama, C. G. Machado, G. Silva, Ana Laura Cruzeiro Moraes, A. Silva, I. Silva
Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) is an annual, rustic plant that has multiple uses. Seed laboratory analysis showed discrepancies in germination depending on the substrate used in a given lot. Therefore, studies are needed to determine the best substrate and the time required to perform the first and final count of the safflower seed germination test. Five lots were used, which were characterized by moisture degree and thousand seed weight. These lots were evaluated on four substrates (between paper, on paper, paper roll, and between sand). The five lots and four substrates were distributed in a 5x4 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with four replicates of 25 seeds. The influence of the factors was evaluated by daily germination count until stabilization, determining the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds; germination speed index; initial, mean, and final germination time; synchrony and relative frequency; and the date of the first and final germination count. After obtaining the data, analysis of variance was performed. When there was a significant effect, the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% and 1% probability. Therefore, it is recommended that the safflower seed germination test be conducted on the substrate between paper, with the first and final count being performed at 3 rd and 8 th days, respectively.
{"title":"Substrates and duration for conducting the safflower seed germination test","authors":"Gabriela F. Gama, C. G. Machado, G. Silva, Ana Laura Cruzeiro Moraes, A. Silva, I. Silva","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p426-433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p426-433","url":null,"abstract":"Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) is an annual, rustic plant that has multiple uses. Seed laboratory analysis showed discrepancies in germination depending on the substrate used in a given lot. Therefore, studies are needed to determine the best substrate and the time required to perform the first and final count of the safflower seed germination test. Five lots were used, which were characterized by moisture degree and thousand seed weight. These lots were evaluated on four substrates (between paper, on paper, paper roll, and between sand). The five lots and four substrates were distributed in a 5x4 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with four replicates of 25 seeds. The influence of the factors was evaluated by daily germination count until stabilization, determining the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds; germination speed index; initial, mean, and final germination time; synchrony and relative frequency; and the date of the first and final germination count. After obtaining the data, analysis of variance was performed. When there was a significant effect, the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% and 1% probability. Therefore, it is recommended that the safflower seed germination test be conducted on the substrate between paper, with the first and final count being performed at 3 rd and 8 th days, respectively.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41521697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p434-440
E. M. C. Neto, Marlon Roque Nogueira Junior, M. R. S. Melo, J. E. C. D. Rocha
Planning and managing forest resources is fundamental for increasing the productivity of forest products and byproducts. This study evaluates the use of the ordinary kriging interpolator in the estimation of standing wood volume in Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Paragominas city, Para State, Brazil. For this, we used data from the precut forest inventory, processed by the ordinary kriging method. Measurements took place in 27 georeferenced fields, with plots of 504 m², where trees were rigorously cubed. Geostatistical modeling was performed using ordinary kriging (spherical semivariogram model) with isotropic and anisotropic interpolators, seeking to map the volume of the area. To this end, experimental semivariograms were obtained through the Geostatistical Analyst tool of ArcGIS 10.1 software. Interpolation presented satisfactory results regarding plot volume mapping, in which the average volume fitted by ordinary kriging was statistically similar to the average volume obtained by the forest inventory, 11.3517 m³ and 11.3842 m³, respectively, showing efficiency with an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.94. The use of ordinary kriging interpolation proved to be effective in plot volume estimation in the forest stands under study.
{"title":"Eucalyptus spp. volume determined through geospatial interpolation","authors":"E. M. C. Neto, Marlon Roque Nogueira Junior, M. R. S. Melo, J. E. C. D. Rocha","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p434-440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p434-440","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and managing forest resources is fundamental for increasing the productivity of forest products and byproducts. This study evaluates the use of the ordinary kriging interpolator in the estimation of standing wood volume in Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Paragominas city, Para State, Brazil. For this, we used data from the precut forest inventory, processed by the ordinary kriging method. Measurements took place in 27 georeferenced fields, with plots of 504 m², where trees were rigorously cubed. Geostatistical modeling was performed using ordinary kriging (spherical semivariogram model) with isotropic and anisotropic interpolators, seeking to map the volume of the area. To this end, experimental semivariograms were obtained through the Geostatistical Analyst tool of ArcGIS 10.1 software. Interpolation presented satisfactory results regarding plot volume mapping, in which the average volume fitted by ordinary kriging was statistically similar to the average volume obtained by the forest inventory, 11.3517 m³ and 11.3842 m³, respectively, showing efficiency with an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.94. The use of ordinary kriging interpolation proved to be effective in plot volume estimation in the forest stands under study.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48232316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p358-363
D. Rocha, M. A. Fadini, O. A. D. O. Souza, R. Augusti, J. Melo
The oral secretion of herbivores triggers chemical defenses in plants. When subjected to simultaneous or sequential attack by herbivores, plants emit volatile compounds of varying chemical nature, which can interfere with the attraction of natural enemies. This study investigates the profile of volatile compounds emitted by transgenic soybean (Bt M6210 IPRO) plants infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To this end, we used a method without leaf maceration. For plant infestation, 100 T. urticae mites per plant were used for one day and, subsequently, 2 A. gemmatalis caterpillars for 36 hours. Volatile compounds produced after infestation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed differences between groups of compounds and explained 77.5% of the variation in volatiles. There are chemical differences between the emission of compounds according to the type of herbivory. It is concluded that soybean plants infested in a single ( T. urticae ) or multiple ( T. urticae followed by A. gemmatalis ) way trigger the production of volatile compounds that can be used as chemical traces to direct the foraging of natural enemies. The possible functions of volatiles produced after herbivory are discussed.
{"title":"Volatile extraction from soybean plants infested with several herbivores","authors":"D. Rocha, M. A. Fadini, O. A. D. O. Souza, R. Augusti, J. Melo","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p358-363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p358-363","url":null,"abstract":"The oral secretion of herbivores triggers chemical defenses in plants. When subjected to simultaneous or sequential attack by herbivores, plants emit volatile compounds of varying chemical nature, which can interfere with the attraction of natural enemies. This study investigates the profile of volatile compounds emitted by transgenic soybean (Bt M6210 IPRO) plants infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To this end, we used a method without leaf maceration. For plant infestation, 100 T. urticae mites per plant were used for one day and, subsequently, 2 A. gemmatalis caterpillars for 36 hours. Volatile compounds produced after infestation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed differences between groups of compounds and explained 77.5% of the variation in volatiles. There are chemical differences between the emission of compounds according to the type of herbivory. It is concluded that soybean plants infested in a single ( T. urticae ) or multiple ( T. urticae followed by A. gemmatalis ) way trigger the production of volatile compounds that can be used as chemical traces to direct the foraging of natural enemies. The possible functions of volatiles produced after herbivory are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p380-387
M. Matias, Vinícius de Oliveira Gonçalves, G. Braz, C. Andrade, Alessandro Guerra da Silva, Alberto Leão de Lemos Barroso
A principal estrategia para assegurar o desenvolvimento do milho livre da interferencia da forrageira, quando este e cultivado em consorcio, consiste no uso de herbicidas para a supressao temporaria da especie consorciada. Apesar disto, ainda ha limitacoes de informacoes para uso adequado desta pratica de forma seletiva para a forrageira cultivada em consorcio. Mediante o exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a supressao de crescimento de capim-ruziziensis e BRS Tamani imposta por doses de glyphosate associadas ao estadio da forrageira no momento da aplicacao, quando cultivadas em consorcio com milho tolerante ao herbicida. Um experimento foi realizado com capim-ruziziensis e outro com BRS Tamani. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, no arranjo fatorial 5x2, com quatro repeticoes, sendo adotadas cinco doses do glyphosate (0; 58; 116; 174 e 232 g ha -1 ) associadas a dois estadios da especie forrageira no momento da aplicacao (2 a 4 perfilhos e 5 a 7 perfilhos). O capim-ruziziensis apresenta alta sensibilidade ao glyphosate em funcao do estadio de aplicacao, enquanto para BRS Tamani este comportamento nao foi visualizado. O glyphosate (58 g ha -1 ) apresenta potencial para utilizacao na supressao de capim-ruziziensis quando aplicado em plantas com 5 a 7 perfilhos. Doses de glyphosate variando entre 58 e 116 g ha -1 , independentemente do estadio de aplicacao, apresentam potencial para serem utilizadas na supressao de BRS Tamani.
当玉米在间作中种植时，确保玉米在不受饲料干扰的情况下发展的主要策略是使用除草剂暂时抑制间作物种。尽管如此，关于选择性地将这种做法用于联盟种植的牧草的正确使用的信息仍然存在局限性。基于上述内容，目的是评估在与耐除草剂玉米联合生长时，施用时与饲料阶段相关的草甘膦剂量对ruziziensis草和BRS Tamani的生长抑制作用。一个实验是用ruziziensis草进行的，另一个实验用BRS Tamani进行的。试验采用随机区组设计，5x2析因安排，四次重复，采用五剂草甘膦（0；58；116；174和232 g ha-1），施用时与两个阶段的饲料物种有关（2-4个分蘖和5-7个分蘖）。ruziziensis草对草甘膦表现出高敏感性，这是施用阶段的函数，而对于BRS Tamani来说，这种行为没有显现出来。草甘膦（58 g ha-1）应用于具有5至7个分蘖的植物时，有可能用于抑制ruziziensis草。草甘膦剂量范围为58至116 g ha-1，无论施用阶段如何，都有可能用于抑制BRS Tamani。
{"title":"Uso de subdoses de glyphosate na supressão de espécies forrageiras consorciadas com milho","authors":"M. Matias, Vinícius de Oliveira Gonçalves, G. Braz, C. Andrade, Alessandro Guerra da Silva, Alberto Leão de Lemos Barroso","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p380-387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n4p380-387","url":null,"abstract":"A principal estrategia para assegurar o desenvolvimento do milho livre da interferencia da forrageira, quando este e cultivado em consorcio, consiste no uso de herbicidas para a supressao temporaria da especie consorciada. Apesar disto, ainda ha limitacoes de informacoes para uso adequado desta pratica de forma seletiva para a forrageira cultivada em consorcio. Mediante o exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a supressao de crescimento de capim-ruziziensis e BRS Tamani imposta por doses de glyphosate associadas ao estadio da forrageira no momento da aplicacao, quando cultivadas em consorcio com milho tolerante ao herbicida. Um experimento foi realizado com capim-ruziziensis e outro com BRS Tamani. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, no arranjo fatorial 5x2, com quatro repeticoes, sendo adotadas cinco doses do glyphosate (0; 58; 116; 174 e 232 g ha -1 ) associadas a dois estadios da especie forrageira no momento da aplicacao (2 a 4 perfilhos e 5 a 7 perfilhos). O capim-ruziziensis apresenta alta sensibilidade ao glyphosate em funcao do estadio de aplicacao, enquanto para BRS Tamani este comportamento nao foi visualizado. O glyphosate (58 g ha -1 ) apresenta potencial para utilizacao na supressao de capim-ruziziensis quando aplicado em plantas com 5 a 7 perfilhos. Doses de glyphosate variando entre 58 e 116 g ha -1 , independentemente do estadio de aplicacao, apresentam potencial para serem utilizadas na supressao de BRS Tamani.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47001723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p269-277
L. F. Ávila, F. Cassalho, M. Viola, S. Beskow, G. Coelho, Kleudson Da Silva Nardes
The recognition of spatial distribution of climatic variables is essential for planning land use and occupation. This is especially relevant in regions where the agricultural frontier is expanding, as it is the case of Tocantins State, Brazil. One of the tools widely used for spatialization of environmental variables is geostatistics, which allows the identification of the spatial dependence of these variables. In this context, this study evaluates the performance of geostatistical interpolators ordinary kriging (OK) and cokriging (CK) by adjusting different semivariogram models, and the subsequent spatialization of the variables mean air temperature, insolation, air relative humidity, and potential evapotranspiration for Tocantins State. The main results and conclusions were: i) variogram analysis is essential to improve the mapping results of each variable; ii) cross-validation showed acceptable errors, indicating reliability of results; (iii) the OK outperformed CK, which can be explained by the good spatial dependence structure presented by the primary variable; and iv) the maps produced can corroborate the management of natural resources and land use planning in Tocantins State.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of climatic variables in Tocantins State, Brazil","authors":"L. F. Ávila, F. Cassalho, M. Viola, S. Beskow, G. Coelho, Kleudson Da Silva Nardes","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p269-277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p269-277","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition of spatial distribution of climatic variables is essential for planning land use and occupation. This is especially relevant in regions where the agricultural frontier is expanding, as it is the case of Tocantins State, Brazil. One of the tools widely used for spatialization of environmental variables is geostatistics, which allows the identification of the spatial dependence of these variables. In this context, this study evaluates the performance of geostatistical interpolators ordinary kriging (OK) and cokriging (CK) by adjusting different semivariogram models, and the subsequent spatialization of the variables mean air temperature, insolation, air relative humidity, and potential evapotranspiration for Tocantins State. The main results and conclusions were: i) variogram analysis is essential to improve the mapping results of each variable; ii) cross-validation showed acceptable errors, indicating reliability of results; (iii) the OK outperformed CK, which can be explained by the good spatial dependence structure presented by the primary variable; and iv) the maps produced can corroborate the management of natural resources and land use planning in Tocantins State.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42100176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p296-303
Thiago Aranda Catuchi, F. V. C. Guidorizzi, Vinícius José Souza Peres, Eduardo Silva Dias, Gabriel Chaves Parmezan, Leonardo Vesco Galdi
The cycle and grain yield of bean crops can be influenced by several factors, among them sowing season and bean cultivar. The objective of this work is to evaluate the development, production components, and grain yield of common bean cultivars in function of sowing seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Universidade do Oeste Paulista in the municipality of Presidente Bernardes, Sao Paulo state, in 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were four sowing seasons (SS1 - April 12; SS2 - May 14; SS3 - June 11; and SS4 - July 14), and four common bean cultivars (BRS Estilo, BRS Perola, BRS Requinte, and IPR Campos Gerais). The phenological stages V4, R6 and R9, plant height, plant population, number of pods per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were influenced by sowing seasons and bean cultivars. The highest grain yields for the cv. BRS Estilo, BRS Requinte and IPR Campos Gerais were obtained at SS2. However, for the cv. BRS Perola, it occurred at SS4. At SS1, the highest grain yield was obtained by the cv. BRS Estilo, and other sowing seasons by the cv. BRS Perola.
{"title":"Development and grain yield of common bean cultivars according to sowing season","authors":"Thiago Aranda Catuchi, F. V. C. Guidorizzi, Vinícius José Souza Peres, Eduardo Silva Dias, Gabriel Chaves Parmezan, Leonardo Vesco Galdi","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p296-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p296-303","url":null,"abstract":"The cycle and grain yield of bean crops can be influenced by several factors, among them sowing season and bean cultivar. The objective of this work is to evaluate the development, production components, and grain yield of common bean cultivars in function of sowing seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Universidade do Oeste Paulista in the municipality of Presidente Bernardes, Sao Paulo state, in 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were four sowing seasons (SS1 - April 12; SS2 - May 14; SS3 - June 11; and SS4 - July 14), and four common bean cultivars (BRS Estilo, BRS Perola, BRS Requinte, and IPR Campos Gerais). The phenological stages V4, R6 and R9, plant height, plant population, number of pods per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were influenced by sowing seasons and bean cultivars. The highest grain yields for the cv. BRS Estilo, BRS Requinte and IPR Campos Gerais were obtained at SS2. However, for the cv. BRS Perola, it occurred at SS4. At SS1, the highest grain yield was obtained by the cv. BRS Estilo, and other sowing seasons by the cv. BRS Perola.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49217821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p321-326
C. G. Machado, C. C. Martins, G. Silva, S. J. S. Cruz, Gabriela F. Gama, M. V. Coelho
Multivariate techniques allow to understand the structural dependence contained in the variables, as well as to characterize groups of seed lots according to specific standards. Thus, this study analyzes the efficiency of multivariate exploratory techniques in discriminating forage pea seed lots as a function of the physiological potential of seeds. We evaluated ten seed lots of forage pea in a completely randomized design, considering the following variables: thousand seed weight, germination, first germination count, electrical conductivity, and accelerated aging. Moreover, seedling emergence, first count of seedlings in the field, and seedling emergence speed index in the field were added to randomized blocks with four replications per lot. Initially, the data obtained in each test were analyzed separately by means of analysis of variance, and the means of the treatments were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. Exploratory multivariate statistical techniques were applied by means of Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis to discriminate seed lots with better physiological quality and to characterize the variables responsible for the differentiation between them. Multivariate analysis of principal components is efficient in discriminating vigor and seed germination tests in Pisum sativum subsp. Arvense , which help in identifying lots of superior performance in the field.
{"title":"Discrimination of forage pea seed lots by means of multivariate techniques","authors":"C. G. Machado, C. C. Martins, G. Silva, S. J. S. Cruz, Gabriela F. Gama, M. V. Coelho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p321-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p321-326","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate techniques allow to understand the structural dependence contained in the variables, as well as to characterize groups of seed lots according to specific standards. Thus, this study analyzes the efficiency of multivariate exploratory techniques in discriminating forage pea seed lots as a function of the physiological potential of seeds. We evaluated ten seed lots of forage pea in a completely randomized design, considering the following variables: thousand seed weight, germination, first germination count, electrical conductivity, and accelerated aging. Moreover, seedling emergence, first count of seedlings in the field, and seedling emergence speed index in the field were added to randomized blocks with four replications per lot. Initially, the data obtained in each test were analyzed separately by means of analysis of variance, and the means of the treatments were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. Exploratory multivariate statistical techniques were applied by means of Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis to discriminate seed lots with better physiological quality and to characterize the variables responsible for the differentiation between them. Multivariate analysis of principal components is efficient in discriminating vigor and seed germination tests in Pisum sativum subsp. Arvense , which help in identifying lots of superior performance in the field.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45951526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p327-336
Taise Almeida Conceição, A. Mendonça, M. O. Souza, Josival Santos Souza, Ricardo Franco Cunha Moreira
Considering the growing demand for seed production and seedlings for forest restoration, addressing the implications of landscape changes regarding germination of native species becomes of great value for directing seed collections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of seed collection environment on germination and biometry of fruits and diaspores of Bowdichia virgilioides . Fruits were collected in two forest fragments with distinct characteristics (forest I, open canopy; and forest II, closed canopy), and in isolated trees in pastures. Fruit and seed biometry of the three collection environments was carried out, and a germination test was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments (forest I, forest II, and open area) and twenty replicates. Collection site, and therefore changes in forest cover, influences the biometry of fruits and seeds, resulting in lighter seeds and fruits with a smaller size in the fragment with a recent history of disturbance (forest I), as well as the vigor of diaspores of Bowdichia virgilioides. Seeds from forest I expressed a greater vigor, while seeds from the pasture area presented a higher propensity to death and formation of abnormal seedlings. For the production of seedlings and commercialization of seeds for forest restoration, the environment of origin of seeds should be taken into account. It is not recommended to use lots of seedlings from Bowdichia virgilioides seeds from isolated trees, such as those located on pastures and roads.
{"title":"Seed collection environment: Effects of forest cover reduction on biometrics and seed lot quality of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth","authors":"Taise Almeida Conceição, A. Mendonça, M. O. Souza, Josival Santos Souza, Ricardo Franco Cunha Moreira","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p327-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p327-336","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the growing demand for seed production and seedlings for forest restoration, addressing the implications of landscape changes regarding germination of native species becomes of great value for directing seed collections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of seed collection environment on germination and biometry of fruits and diaspores of Bowdichia virgilioides . Fruits were collected in two forest fragments with distinct characteristics (forest I, open canopy; and forest II, closed canopy), and in isolated trees in pastures. Fruit and seed biometry of the three collection environments was carried out, and a germination test was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments (forest I, forest II, and open area) and twenty replicates. Collection site, and therefore changes in forest cover, influences the biometry of fruits and seeds, resulting in lighter seeds and fruits with a smaller size in the fragment with a recent history of disturbance (forest I), as well as the vigor of diaspores of Bowdichia virgilioides. Seeds from forest I expressed a greater vigor, while seeds from the pasture area presented a higher propensity to death and formation of abnormal seedlings. For the production of seedlings and commercialization of seeds for forest restoration, the environment of origin of seeds should be taken into account. It is not recommended to use lots of seedlings from Bowdichia virgilioides seeds from isolated trees, such as those located on pastures and roads.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49330631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p283-295
C. Oliveira, B. S. Vieira, Gustavo Mendes Espíndola, C. R. Cardoso
This study aimed to select rhizobacteria isolates for pre-emergence control of three glyphosate-resistant species: horseweed ( Conyza sumatrensis ), sourgrass ( Digitaria insularis ), and wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla ). Nineteen strains of Bacillus spp. and thirty-four strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from soil samples from the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Parana, and Santa Catarina. These strains were evaluated in vitro and under greenhouse conditions for inhibition of seed germination and growth of target weeds. Several strains of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. inhibited the germination and radicle growth of the three target species in Petri dishes containing agar-water medium with the respective bacterial isolates, separately. However, Bacillus spp. strains A1B1, A1B3, A1B4, A2B2, A2B3, A10B1, A10B5, A11B1, and A13B3 were the only ones to inhibit germination of horseweed seeds in greenhouse soil. The soil methodology (greenhouse) was more effective in the selection of strains than the in vitro methodology for not overestimating the bacterium-host interaction and for simulating better field conditions. Promising Bacillus spp. strains must be identified at the species level and characterized for metabolite production, plant growth regulation, root colonization, and effect on cultivated plants.
{"title":"Selection of rhizobacteria for pre-emergence control of wild poinsettia, horseweed and sourgrass","authors":"C. Oliveira, B. S. Vieira, Gustavo Mendes Espíndola, C. R. Cardoso","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p283-295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p283-295","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to select rhizobacteria isolates for pre-emergence control of three glyphosate-resistant species: horseweed ( Conyza sumatrensis ), sourgrass ( Digitaria insularis ), and wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla ). Nineteen strains of Bacillus spp. and thirty-four strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from soil samples from the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Parana, and Santa Catarina. These strains were evaluated in vitro and under greenhouse conditions for inhibition of seed germination and growth of target weeds. Several strains of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. inhibited the germination and radicle growth of the three target species in Petri dishes containing agar-water medium with the respective bacterial isolates, separately. However, Bacillus spp. strains A1B1, A1B3, A1B4, A2B2, A2B3, A10B1, A10B5, A11B1, and A13B3 were the only ones to inhibit germination of horseweed seeds in greenhouse soil. The soil methodology (greenhouse) was more effective in the selection of strains than the in vitro methodology for not overestimating the bacterium-host interaction and for simulating better field conditions. Promising Bacillus spp. strains must be identified at the species level and characterized for metabolite production, plant growth regulation, root colonization, and effect on cultivated plants.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45671208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p256-268
K. A. S. D. Oliveira, R. Dallacort, João Danilo Barbieri, Diego Fernando Daniel, R. Tieppo, S. B. Santos
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as respostas termicas em dois tratamentos experimentais (solo descoberto e solo cultivado com grama) durante o periodo seco e chuvoso, e nas estacoes do ano (primavera, verao, outono e inverno) para a regiao de Tangara da Serra - MT. O monitoramento das variacoes na temperatura do solo, nos sitios de avaliacao, foi realizado continuamente, do periodo de abril de 2014 a abril de 2015. Avaliou-se a temperatura do solo em clima tropical umido megatermico (AW), em um Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico muito argiloso, na regiao sudoeste do Estado de Mato Grosso. Foram instalados sensores Termopar tipo K, nas profundidades de 5; 10; 20 e 40 cm, conectados a um datalogger. Os resultados apresentaram alteracoes significativas entre os diferentes tratamentos e meses estudados. As medias de temperatura de solo horaria durante a estacao chuvosa foram superiores as registradas durante a estacao seca, porem as amplitudes termicas, durante o periodo seco, foram superiores as do periodo chuvoso, destacando-se o papel fundamental da cobertura no solo, na reducao da amplitude termica e da umidade na conducao de calor entre as camadas. As maiores oscilacoes na temperatura e na amplitude termica, em ambos os tratamentos e meses estudados, foram observadas aos 5 cm, seguidas das demais camadas avaliadas. Na analise de estacoes do ano, verificou-se que, durante o inverno, as temperaturas sao inferiores as ocorridas no verao, na primavera e no outono, porem a amplitude termica registrada e superior durante o inverno em relacao as outras estacoes do ano.
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