Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p313-320
Cirlande Cabral da Silva, D. Rodrigues, C. Clement, S. A. Filho
Numerous landraces of peach palm ( Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes ) have been described in the Neotropics and are conserved in a genebank of INPA. We used RAPD markers to analyze the genetic diversity of eight peach palm landraces and two wild populations. Eight primers generated 124 markers; 101 markers were polymorphic (81.5 %). Observed heterozygosity was 0.38 and polymorphism was 93 %, both slightly higher than in previous studies. Amazonian landraces presented high heterozygosity (0.30) and a percentage of polymorphism (87,8 %) similar to Central American landraces (0.29 and 83,5 %, respectively), different from previous studies, which found Central American landraces to have lower values than Amazonian landraces. The structure of the dendrogram with Nei’s genetic distance was similar to that of previous studies, with minor differences. The two wild populations were grouped far from the landraces, suggesting that they did not participate in the domestication of the cultivated populations.
{"title":"Molecular-genetic analysis for validation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunt) landraces using RAPD markers","authors":"Cirlande Cabral da Silva, D. Rodrigues, C. Clement, S. A. Filho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p313-320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p313-320","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous landraces of peach palm ( Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes ) have been described in the Neotropics and are conserved in a genebank of INPA. We used RAPD markers to analyze the genetic diversity of eight peach palm landraces and two wild populations. Eight primers generated 124 markers; 101 markers were polymorphic (81.5 %). Observed heterozygosity was 0.38 and polymorphism was 93 %, both slightly higher than in previous studies. Amazonian landraces presented high heterozygosity (0.30) and a percentage of polymorphism (87,8 %) similar to Central American landraces (0.29 and 83,5 %, respectively), different from previous studies, which found Central American landraces to have lower values than Amazonian landraces. The structure of the dendrogram with Nei’s genetic distance was similar to that of previous studies, with minor differences. The two wild populations were grouped far from the landraces, suggesting that they did not participate in the domestication of the cultivated populations.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p344-357
Wilma Dias Santana, A. Santos, Amanda da Silva Reis, R. Tavares, Gilson Araújo de Freitas
O monitoramento dos atributos quimicos do solo possibilita avaliar a qualidade e a capacidade do mesmo de exercer suas funcoes dentro de um determinado agroecossistema. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade espacial de atributos quimicos do solo em sistema de agricultura familiar, em diferentes usos agricolas. A area de estudo totalizou 7,91 ha, sob quatro tipos de cobertura do solo: pastagem de braquiaria associada a estilosantes, pastagem de andropogon, pomar e mata nativa. A amostragem do solo foi em malha amostral irregular composta por 160 pontos. Coletaram-se amostras deformadas nas profundidades de 0-10 e 10-20 cm, alem de amostras para a determinacao da liteira. As variaveis analisadas foram: CO, SB, CTCt, CTC pH 7, pH, Al 3+ , P, H+Al, m, V e liteira. Os dados foram submetidos a analise exploratoria e ao estudo geoestatistico. Os sistemas de cultivo reduziram os valores de CO, SB, CTCt, CTC pH 7 e pH do solo, principalmente nas subareas de pastagens. O pomar apresentou atributos quimicos similares as verificadas na area de referencia. Os valores, bem como a distribuicao espacial das variaveis avaliadas foram influenciados pelo uso do solo.
通过监测土壤化学属性，可以评估土壤在特定农业生态系统中发挥作用的质量和能力。因此，本研究旨在评价不同农业用途下家庭农业系统土壤化学属性的空间变异性。研究区总面积为7.91公顷，分为四种土地覆盖类型:与花柱相关的腕鱼牧场、andropogon牧场、果园和原生森林。土壤取样采用不规则样网，由160个点组成。在0-10和10-20 cm深度采集变形样品，并测定凋落物。分析的变量有:CO, SB, CTCt, CTC pH 7, pH, Al 3+， P, H+Al, m, V和垃圾。对数据进行探索性分析和地质统计研究。耕作制度降低了CO、SB、CTCt、CTC pH 7和土壤pH值，主要是在草地亚栏。果园的化学属性与参考区域相似。评价变量的值和空间分布受土地利用的影响。
{"title":"Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo em sistema de agropecuária familiar no Tocantins","authors":"Wilma Dias Santana, A. Santos, Amanda da Silva Reis, R. Tavares, Gilson Araújo de Freitas","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p344-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p344-357","url":null,"abstract":"O monitoramento dos atributos quimicos do solo possibilita avaliar a qualidade e a capacidade do mesmo de exercer suas funcoes dentro de um determinado agroecossistema. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade espacial de atributos quimicos do solo em sistema de agricultura familiar, em diferentes usos agricolas. A area de estudo totalizou 7,91 ha, sob quatro tipos de cobertura do solo: pastagem de braquiaria associada a estilosantes, pastagem de andropogon, pomar e mata nativa. A amostragem do solo foi em malha amostral irregular composta por 160 pontos. Coletaram-se amostras deformadas nas profundidades de 0-10 e 10-20 cm, alem de amostras para a determinacao da liteira. As variaveis analisadas foram: CO, SB, CTCt, CTC pH 7, pH, Al 3+ , P, H+Al, m, V e liteira. Os dados foram submetidos a analise exploratoria e ao estudo geoestatistico. Os sistemas de cultivo reduziram os valores de CO, SB, CTCt, CTC pH 7 e pH do solo, principalmente nas subareas de pastagens. O pomar apresentou atributos quimicos similares as verificadas na area de referencia. Os valores, bem como a distribuicao espacial das variaveis avaliadas foram influenciados pelo uso do solo.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p278-282
Henrico Luís Bizão de Assis, P. Paiva, P. C. D. Silva, Gustavo Gondim de Morais
Sugarcane borer ( Diatraea saccharalis ) is one of the most important insect pests in sugarcane crops in Brazil. Historically, this insect has been controlled with releases of parasitoid Cotesia flavipes . However, chemical control with diamides and insect growth regulators has been used to help in control of this pest. In this study, the effectiveness of the diamide chlorantraniliprole applied in the sugarcane planting furrow and foliar spray on sugarcane borer damage and production were assessed. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area of SP80-3280 sugarcane variety, planted in November 2016 in Uberaba (Brazil), followed a randomized block design with four treatments: control, chlorantraniliprole foliar (21 g ha ‒1 ), chlorantraniliprole furrow (105 g ha ‒1 ), and chlorantraniliprole furrow (105 g ha ‒1 ) + foliar (21 g ha ‒1 ), with five replicates (plots). Each experimental plot had six planting lines of 10 m long spaced 1.5 m (90 m 2 ). One chlorantraniliprole application in the planting furrow and foliar spray was performed in November 2016 and in March 2017, respectively. All plots were infested with D. saccharalis eggs in February and March 2017. In May 2017, the plant height, stalk diameter, and number of tillers were assessed. In October 2017, the mass of stalks, sugarcane borer holes, number and percentage of damaged internodes were evaluated. Chlorantraniliprole applied in the planting furrow did not reduce the damage caused by D. saccharalis . The spray of chlorantraniliprole reduced the damage of the sugarcane borer in about 52%. The chlorantraniliprole application did not affect the initial sugarcane development or its production. One chlorantraniliprole spray in sugarcane was not enough to avoid the D. saccharalis damage and other additional control measures should be used.
甘蔗蛀虫（Diatraea saccharalis）是巴西甘蔗作物中最重要的害虫之一。从历史上看，这种昆虫一直是通过释放拟寄生物黄颡虫来控制的。然而，使用杀虫剂和昆虫生长调节剂进行化学防治已被用于帮助控制这种害虫。在本研究中，评估了在甘蔗种植沟和叶面喷雾中施用二酰胺氯硝苯胺对甘蔗蛀虫危害和产量的影响。该试验在2016年11月在乌得拉巴（巴西）种植的SP80-3280甘蔗品种的试验区内进行，采用随机区组设计，共有四个处理：对照、氯虫腈叶面处理（21 g ha-1）、氯虫脒沟处理（105 g ha-1。每个试验小区有六个10米长、间隔1.5米（90平方米）的种植线。分别于2016年11月和2017年3月在种植沟和叶面喷雾中施用了一次氯虫腈。2017年2月和3月，所有地块均被糖精D。2017年5月，对株高、茎径和分蘖数进行了评估。2017年10月，对秸秆质量、甘蔗蛀虫孔、受损节间数量和百分比进行了评估。在种植沟中施用氯虫脒并不能减少糖精引起的危害。喷洒氯虫腈可使甘蔗蛀虫的危害降低52%左右。氯虫脒的施用没有影响甘蔗的初始发育或生产。在甘蔗中喷洒氯虫腈不足以避免对D.saccharis的损害，应采取其他额外的控制措施。
{"title":"Efficacy of chlorantraniliprole applied in sugarcane planting furrow and foliar spray to control of sugarcane borer","authors":"Henrico Luís Bizão de Assis, P. Paiva, P. C. D. Silva, Gustavo Gondim de Morais","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p278-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p278-282","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane borer ( Diatraea saccharalis ) is one of the most important insect pests in sugarcane crops in Brazil. Historically, this insect has been controlled with releases of parasitoid Cotesia flavipes . However, chemical control with diamides and insect growth regulators has been used to help in control of this pest. In this study, the effectiveness of the diamide chlorantraniliprole applied in the sugarcane planting furrow and foliar spray on sugarcane borer damage and production were assessed. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area of SP80-3280 sugarcane variety, planted in November 2016 in Uberaba (Brazil), followed a randomized block design with four treatments: control, chlorantraniliprole foliar (21 g ha ‒1 ), chlorantraniliprole furrow (105 g ha ‒1 ), and chlorantraniliprole furrow (105 g ha ‒1 ) + foliar (21 g ha ‒1 ), with five replicates (plots). Each experimental plot had six planting lines of 10 m long spaced 1.5 m (90 m 2 ). One chlorantraniliprole application in the planting furrow and foliar spray was performed in November 2016 and in March 2017, respectively. All plots were infested with D. saccharalis eggs in February and March 2017. In May 2017, the plant height, stalk diameter, and number of tillers were assessed. In October 2017, the mass of stalks, sugarcane borer holes, number and percentage of damaged internodes were evaluated. Chlorantraniliprole applied in the planting furrow did not reduce the damage caused by D. saccharalis . The spray of chlorantraniliprole reduced the damage of the sugarcane borer in about 52%. The chlorantraniliprole application did not affect the initial sugarcane development or its production. One chlorantraniliprole spray in sugarcane was not enough to avoid the D. saccharalis damage and other additional control measures should be used.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p337-343
S. S. R. Matias, Ives Davi Louzeiro Dias, Yure Martins Camelo, Isnaiany Silva Souza, Florizânia Ribeiro de Castelo, Walas Rodrigues de Aguiar, M. S. Ferreira
The use of alternative organic substrates with physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics that promote the nutrition and sustenance of plants at the initial stages of development is essential to obtain satisfactory results in the production of crops. The objective of this work is to evaluate the phytotechnical characteristics of seedlings of Formosa papaya grown in a substrate based on buriti wood. The experiment was installed in a nursery located at the State University of Piaui (UESPI), campus of Corrente. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of ten treatments and six replicates. The treatments were different percentages of buriti wood: S1-soil; S2 - soil:buriti wood, 90/10%; S3 - soil:buriti wood, 80/20%; S4 - soil:buriti wood, 70/30%; S5 - soil:buriti wood, 60/40%; S6 - soil:buriti wood, 50/50%; S7 - soil:buriti wood, 40/60%; S8 - soil:buriti wood, 30/70%; S9 - soil:buriti wood, 20/80%; S10 - soil:buriti wood, 10/90%. The variables were height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, stem height/diameter ratio, shoot/root dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index. There was significance for height, stem diameter, root length, shoot dry mass, and total dry mass. Proportions of organic residues in the substrate composition contributed to a better development of Carica papaya seedlings. Thus, the use of 40% PaB mixed in the soil is recommended for the production of papaya seedlings.
{"title":"Quality of Carica papaya seedlings grown in an alternative substrate based on buriti wood (Mauritia flexuosa Lf)","authors":"S. S. R. Matias, Ives Davi Louzeiro Dias, Yure Martins Camelo, Isnaiany Silva Souza, Florizânia Ribeiro de Castelo, Walas Rodrigues de Aguiar, M. S. Ferreira","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p337-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p337-343","url":null,"abstract":"The use of alternative organic substrates with physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics that promote the nutrition and sustenance of plants at the initial stages of development is essential to obtain satisfactory results in the production of crops. The objective of this work is to evaluate the phytotechnical characteristics of seedlings of Formosa papaya grown in a substrate based on buriti wood. The experiment was installed in a nursery located at the State University of Piaui (UESPI), campus of Corrente. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of ten treatments and six replicates. The treatments were different percentages of buriti wood: S1-soil; S2 - soil:buriti wood, 90/10%; S3 - soil:buriti wood, 80/20%; S4 - soil:buriti wood, 70/30%; S5 - soil:buriti wood, 60/40%; S6 - soil:buriti wood, 50/50%; S7 - soil:buriti wood, 40/60%; S8 - soil:buriti wood, 30/70%; S9 - soil:buriti wood, 20/80%; S10 - soil:buriti wood, 10/90%. The variables were height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, stem height/diameter ratio, shoot/root dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index. There was significance for height, stem diameter, root length, shoot dry mass, and total dry mass. Proportions of organic residues in the substrate composition contributed to a better development of Carica papaya seedlings. Thus, the use of 40% PaB mixed in the soil is recommended for the production of papaya seedlings.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p304-312
Hianka Carara de Souza, E. F. F. Rosa, Jéssica Fernandes Kaseker, M. A. Nohatto, M. Santos
Urea is the nitrogen fertilizer most used in agriculture and the most subject to N losses. Thus, it is important to look for alternatives to reduce these losses and increase agronomic N use efficiency. In this sense, this study evaluates the effect of split or single application of slow-release and conventional urea in maize development and yield, as well as the fertilizer use efficiency by plants. The experiment was carried out in Santa Rosa do Sul - SC, in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments evaluated were: control; 100% of the recommended dose of conventional urea at sowing; 30% of the recommended dose of conventional urea at sowing and 70% at topdressing; 100% of the recommended dose of slow-release urea at sowing; 30% of the recommended dose of slow-release urea at sowing and 70% at topdressing. The variables analyzed were ear insertion height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content (R1 stage), yield components, crop yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The split application of slow-release urea to the soil positively affected stem diameter and nitrogen use efficiency in maize plants, being, therefore, a good fertilization alternative for the crop in the soil and climate conditions of the region.
尿素是农业中使用最多的氮肥，也是氮流失最多的肥料。因此，寻找替代品以减少这些损失并提高农艺氮利用效率是很重要的。从这个意义上讲，本研究评估了缓释尿素和常规尿素分次或单次施用对玉米发育和产量的影响，以及植物的肥料利用效率。该实验在Santa Rosa do Sul-SC进行，采用5个处理和3个重复的随机完全区组设计。所评估的处理是：对照；播种时常规尿素推荐剂量的100%；播种时常规尿素推荐剂量的30%，追肥时为70%；播种时缓释尿素推荐剂量的100%；播种时为缓释尿素推荐剂量的30%，追肥时为70%。分析的变量包括插穗高度、茎径、叶片叶绿素含量（R1阶段）、产量构成因素、作物产量和氮利用效率。向土壤中分次施用缓释尿素对玉米植株的茎径和氮利用效率产生了积极影响，因此，在该地区的土壤和气候条件下，这是一种很好的作物施肥选择。
{"title":"Nitrogen fertilization with conventional and slow-release urea in two forms of application on maize","authors":"Hianka Carara de Souza, E. F. F. Rosa, Jéssica Fernandes Kaseker, M. A. Nohatto, M. Santos","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p304-312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019v47n3p304-312","url":null,"abstract":"Urea is the nitrogen fertilizer most used in agriculture and the most subject to N losses. Thus, it is important to look for alternatives to reduce these losses and increase agronomic N use efficiency. In this sense, this study evaluates the effect of split or single application of slow-release and conventional urea in maize development and yield, as well as the fertilizer use efficiency by plants. The experiment was carried out in Santa Rosa do Sul - SC, in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments evaluated were: control; 100% of the recommended dose of conventional urea at sowing; 30% of the recommended dose of conventional urea at sowing and 70% at topdressing; 100% of the recommended dose of slow-release urea at sowing; 30% of the recommended dose of slow-release urea at sowing and 70% at topdressing. The variables analyzed were ear insertion height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content (R1 stage), yield components, crop yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The split application of slow-release urea to the soil positively affected stem diameter and nitrogen use efficiency in maize plants, being, therefore, a good fertilization alternative for the crop in the soil and climate conditions of the region.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47114343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P239-255
G. Cunha, J. A. D. Almeida, F. D. Morais, M. Machado
O aluminio (Al) “trocavel” do solo e tradicionalmente extraido com solucao de KCl 1 mol L -1 (Al-KCl). O emprego desta solucao pode superestimar o Al trocavel, implicando uma interpretacao equivocada dos efeitos toxicos desse elemento as plantas. O estudo objetivou avaliar, por meio de extracoes quimicas sequenciais (ES) e nao sequenciais (ENS), as possiveis fracoes de Al que possam estar contribuindo para a superestimacao do Al trocavel e se as mesmas estao relacionadas com sua toxicidade nas plantas de soja cultivadas em casa de vegetacao. Tambem, identificar a eficacia do KCl 1 mol L -1 em extrair somente as fracoes toxicas do Al e o extrator que melhor estimou o potencial toxico do mesmo as plantas.Para isso, foram realizadas ES utilizando os extratores, na ordem, CaCl 2 0,01 mol L -1 , KCl 0,1 e 1 mol L -1 e oxalato de amonio 0,2 mol L -1 e ENS com uma unica extracao, utilizando-se somente das tres ultimas solucoes. O Al proveniente de polimeros amorfos foram responsaveis pela superestimacao do Al-KCl. O Al extraido pelos diferentes extratores nao esta relacionado com sua toxicidade as plantas. Para os solos AC9 e RS nao houve resposta das plantas de soja a calagem e tampouco manifestacao expressiva de toxicidade de Al nas mesmas. Nos solos PE, BR e CB, o KCl 1 mol L -1 foi eficaz na estimativa do Al trocavel e do seu potencial toxico. O CaCl 2 0,01 mol L -1 foi o extrator que melhor identificou o potencial toxico do Al nos solos avaliados.
从土壤中提取的铝(Al)传统上是用1 mol L -1 KCl溶液(Al-KCl)提取的。使用这种溶液可能会高估trocavel，导致对这种元素对植物毒性作用的误解。本研究旨在通过顺序化学提取物(se)和非顺序化学提取物(ns)，评估可能导致trocavel被高估的铝成分，以及这些成分是否与温室栽培大豆植株的毒性有关。此外，还鉴定了1 mol L -1 KCl仅提取铝毒成分的有效性，以及最能估计铝毒潜力的萃取剂。为此，采用CaCl 2 0.01 mol L -1、KCl 0.1和1 mol L -1、草酸铵0.2 mol L -1萃取器进行ES和ENS，仅使用最后三种溶液进行一次萃取。无定形聚合物中的铝是高估铝-KCl的原因。不同萃取剂提取的铝与其对植物的毒性无关。对于AC9和RS土壤，大豆植株对石灰没有反应，铝的毒性也没有显著表现。在PE、BR和CB土壤中，1 mol L -1 KCl能有效地估计trocavel及其毒性潜力。CaCl 2 0.01 mol L -1是鉴定土壤中铝毒性潜力最好的萃取剂。
{"title":"Métodos de extração, formas e toxicidade de alumínio na soja cultivada em solos com elevados teores de Al-KCl","authors":"G. Cunha, J. A. D. Almeida, F. D. Morais, M. Machado","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P239-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P239-255","url":null,"abstract":"O aluminio (Al) “trocavel” do solo e tradicionalmente extraido com solucao de KCl 1 mol L -1 (Al-KCl). O emprego desta solucao pode superestimar o Al trocavel, implicando uma interpretacao equivocada dos efeitos toxicos desse elemento as plantas. O estudo objetivou avaliar, por meio de extracoes quimicas sequenciais (ES) e nao sequenciais (ENS), as possiveis fracoes de Al que possam estar contribuindo para a superestimacao do Al trocavel e se as mesmas estao relacionadas com sua toxicidade nas plantas de soja cultivadas em casa de vegetacao. Tambem, identificar a eficacia do KCl 1 mol L -1 em extrair somente as fracoes toxicas do Al e o extrator que melhor estimou o potencial toxico do mesmo as plantas.Para isso, foram realizadas ES utilizando os extratores, na ordem, CaCl 2 0,01 mol L -1 , KCl 0,1 e 1 mol L -1 e oxalato de amonio 0,2 mol L -1 e ENS com uma unica extracao, utilizando-se somente das tres ultimas solucoes. O Al proveniente de polimeros amorfos foram responsaveis pela superestimacao do Al-KCl. O Al extraido pelos diferentes extratores nao esta relacionado com sua toxicidade as plantas. Para os solos AC9 e RS nao houve resposta das plantas de soja a calagem e tampouco manifestacao expressiva de toxicidade de Al nas mesmas. Nos solos PE, BR e CB, o KCl 1 mol L -1 foi eficaz na estimativa do Al trocavel e do seu potencial toxico. O CaCl 2 0,01 mol L -1 foi o extrator que melhor identificou o potencial toxico do Al nos solos avaliados.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46479467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P144-155
M. Rinaldi, E. Vieira, J. F. Fialho
Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main energy sources in human food, being largely consumed and produced in Brazil. However, it is not easy to prepare and has a high deterioration degree after harvest. As an alternative, producers and agribusinesses are extensively using vacuum packaging for the storage of minimally processed cassava roots. This study evaluates the postharvest conservation of minimally processed cassava roots packed in 130 μm, 200 μm, and 300 μm LDPE packages with and without vacuum, stored at 3 °C and 90% relative humidity. Samples were evaluated every seven days for a period of 28 days for pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, SS/TA ratio, texture, fresh weight loss, moisture, dry matter, cooking time, color (L*, a*, b*, increase in browning, chroma, and hue angle), and microbiology (counting mesophilic aerobes, psychrotrophic aerobes, molds and yeasts, total and thermotolerant coliforms). Minimally processed cassava roots packed in LDPE packages with higher thickness (200 μm and 300 μm) show greater stability in physicochemical and microbiological components. For packages 200 μm vacuum LDPE and 300 μm LDPE in the two atmosphere conditions, stored at 3 oC and 90% relative humidity, the shelf life of minimally processed cassava roots was 14 days. The recommended storage period for the remaining treatments is seven days.
{"title":"Postharvest conservation of minimally processed cassava roots subjected to different packaging systems","authors":"M. Rinaldi, E. Vieira, J. F. Fialho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P144-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P144-155","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main energy sources in human food, being largely consumed and produced in Brazil. However, it is not easy to prepare and has a high deterioration degree after harvest. As an alternative, producers and agribusinesses are extensively using vacuum packaging for the storage of minimally processed cassava roots. This study evaluates the postharvest conservation of minimally processed cassava roots packed in 130 μm, 200 μm, and 300 μm LDPE packages with and without vacuum, stored at 3 °C and 90% relative humidity. Samples were evaluated every seven days for a period of 28 days for pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, SS/TA ratio, texture, fresh weight loss, moisture, dry matter, cooking time, color (L*, a*, b*, increase in browning, chroma, and hue angle), and microbiology (counting mesophilic aerobes, psychrotrophic aerobes, molds and yeasts, total and thermotolerant coliforms). Minimally processed cassava roots packed in LDPE packages with higher thickness (200 μm and 300 μm) show greater stability in physicochemical and microbiological components. For packages 200 μm vacuum LDPE and 300 μm LDPE in the two atmosphere conditions, stored at 3 oC and 90% relative humidity, the shelf life of minimally processed cassava roots was 14 days. The recommended storage period for the remaining treatments is seven days.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47755102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P199-209
C. Stafen, Ana Marina Pedrolo, Fernanda Pollo Paniz, T. Pedron, C. Busanello, Eduardo Venske, A. M. Júnior, B. L. Batista, A. Oliveira, C. Pegoraro
Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important cause of health concern in developing countries, demanding mitigation strategies to fight this disorder. The biofortification of staple foods, such as rice ( Oryza sativa L.), could be achieved via the development of improved cultivars. Iron quantification is relatively costly and time-consuming, making its routine use impracticable in breeding programs. Therefore, the identification of traits to be used in indirect selection strategies would be of high interest. This study aimed to find promising traits for use in indirect selection programs aiming Fe biofortification in rice grains. A diverse set of 95 rice genotypes, mostly Brazilian, was grown at Southern Brazil, in 2016/2017, and Fe content in brown and polished grains, as well as other 12 morphological traits, were assayed. Analysis of variance, linear correlation, and path analysis were carried out. Different levels of association between traits were found, being panicles per plant and caryopsis width the most promising for use in indirect selection aiming increased Fe content in both brown and polished rice. However, secondary traits, such as caryopsis length, have also to be considered when performing selection aiming Fe biofortification in the cereal.
{"title":"Iron biofortification in rice: in search of morphological traits for indirect selection in breeding programs","authors":"C. Stafen, Ana Marina Pedrolo, Fernanda Pollo Paniz, T. Pedron, C. Busanello, Eduardo Venske, A. M. Júnior, B. L. Batista, A. Oliveira, C. Pegoraro","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P199-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P199-209","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important cause of health concern in developing countries, demanding mitigation strategies to fight this disorder. The biofortification of staple foods, such as rice ( Oryza sativa L.), could be achieved via the development of improved cultivars. Iron quantification is relatively costly and time-consuming, making its routine use impracticable in breeding programs. Therefore, the identification of traits to be used in indirect selection strategies would be of high interest. This study aimed to find promising traits for use in indirect selection programs aiming Fe biofortification in rice grains. A diverse set of 95 rice genotypes, mostly Brazilian, was grown at Southern Brazil, in 2016/2017, and Fe content in brown and polished grains, as well as other 12 morphological traits, were assayed. Analysis of variance, linear correlation, and path analysis were carried out. Different levels of association between traits were found, being panicles per plant and caryopsis width the most promising for use in indirect selection aiming increased Fe content in both brown and polished rice. However, secondary traits, such as caryopsis length, have also to be considered when performing selection aiming Fe biofortification in the cereal.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P132-143
Kelly Michalichen, K. Schwarz, J. Resende, Tania Helena Neufeld, Bruna Tais Noronha
Sweet potato dehydration is a way of increasing shelf life, modifying and adding value to the final product. However, some of the compounds of nutritional interest may be lost during processing. Thus, this work evaluates different dehydration treatments for sweet potato, and determines the best condition for a quality product. Two sweet potato genotypes (UGA 127 and UGA 34) were first subjected to osmotic dehydration using a 65% sucrose solution or a 2% sodium chloride solution (NaCl), both for 5 hours, being compared with the control treatment. Subsequently, the samples were oven dried at 65 °C for 6 hours. Sweet potatoes were analyzed for sensory characteristics (color, flavor, crispness, aroma, overall acceptability, and purchase intent), physicochemical characteristics (color, titratable acidity, soluble solids), bioactive compounds (β-carotene, phenolic, ascorbic acid), and antioxidant capacity. Potatoes dehydrated with 65% sucrose were well accepted by the tasters. The soluble solids content and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were higher for sweet potatoes treated with 65% sucrose. Genotypes differed significantly for luminosity, and the highest average was found for UGA 127, indicating that potatoes processed from this root had a lighter coloration. The content of bioactive compounds varied as a function of the different treatments and genotypes; in general, the highest levels were found in the control and 65% sucrose treatments. Genotype UGA 127 treated with 65% sucrose proved to be a good marketing alternative for small farmers.
{"title":"Consumer acceptability, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactive compounds of sweet potato roots subjected to osmotic dehydration","authors":"Kelly Michalichen, K. Schwarz, J. Resende, Tania Helena Neufeld, Bruna Tais Noronha","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P132-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P132-143","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato dehydration is a way of increasing shelf life, modifying and adding value to the final product. However, some of the compounds of nutritional interest may be lost during processing. Thus, this work evaluates different dehydration treatments for sweet potato, and determines the best condition for a quality product. Two sweet potato genotypes (UGA 127 and UGA 34) were first subjected to osmotic dehydration using a 65% sucrose solution or a 2% sodium chloride solution (NaCl), both for 5 hours, being compared with the control treatment. Subsequently, the samples were oven dried at 65 °C for 6 hours. Sweet potatoes were analyzed for sensory characteristics (color, flavor, crispness, aroma, overall acceptability, and purchase intent), physicochemical characteristics (color, titratable acidity, soluble solids), bioactive compounds (β-carotene, phenolic, ascorbic acid), and antioxidant capacity. Potatoes dehydrated with 65% sucrose were well accepted by the tasters. The soluble solids content and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were higher for sweet potatoes treated with 65% sucrose. Genotypes differed significantly for luminosity, and the highest average was found for UGA 127, indicating that potatoes processed from this root had a lighter coloration. The content of bioactive compounds varied as a function of the different treatments and genotypes; in general, the highest levels were found in the control and 65% sucrose treatments. Genotype UGA 127 treated with 65% sucrose proved to be a good marketing alternative for small farmers.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P221-230
Arlindo José da Costa Rabelo, J. O. Caetano, Sihélio Júlio Silva Cruz
No Cerrado, o milheto destaca-se como planta de cobertura, por desenvolver-se bem em condicoes adversas de clima e solo. Assim, avaliou-se o efeito de cultivo em sucessao milheto-soja nos atributos quimicos do solo (pH, materia orgânica, concentracao de Ca, Mg, K e Al trocaveis, (H+Al) e teores de P disponiveis, nas profundidades de 0 a 0,20 m e 0,20 a 0,40 m), fisicos do solo (resistencia do solo a penetracao de raizes, densidade e porosidade total do solo, nas profundidades de 0 a 0,10 m e 0,10 a 0,20 m), na producao e acumulo de macronutrientes da biomassa seca da parte aerea de milheto e na produtividade da soja. O experimento foi instalado em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrofico de textura argilosa, em Rio Verde-GO, safra 2013/2014. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas variedades de milheto ADR500 e ADR300, pelos hibridos de milheto ADR7020 e ADR8010 e um tratamento-controle mantido sob vegetacao espontânea. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. Os milhetos ADR500 e o ADR8010 apresentaram maior producao de biomassa seca da parte aerea. Os tratamentos sob cultivo de milheto elevaram o teor de potassio no solo, na profundidade de 0 a 0,20 m. As areas com milheto apresentaram reducao da resistencia do solo a penetracao e a densidade do solo, em relacao a area com vegetacao espontânea. Embora os milhetos testados melhorem algumas das condicoes quimicas e fisicas do solo, isso nao se refletiu nos rendimentos da soja como cultura sucessora.
{"title":"Alterações de atributos químicos e físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho na sucessão milheto-soja","authors":"Arlindo José da Costa Rabelo, J. O. Caetano, Sihélio Júlio Silva Cruz","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P221-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P221-230","url":null,"abstract":"No Cerrado, o milheto destaca-se como planta de cobertura, por desenvolver-se bem em condicoes adversas de clima e solo. Assim, avaliou-se o efeito de cultivo em sucessao milheto-soja nos atributos quimicos do solo (pH, materia orgânica, concentracao de Ca, Mg, K e Al trocaveis, (H+Al) e teores de P disponiveis, nas profundidades de 0 a 0,20 m e 0,20 a 0,40 m), fisicos do solo (resistencia do solo a penetracao de raizes, densidade e porosidade total do solo, nas profundidades de 0 a 0,10 m e 0,10 a 0,20 m), na producao e acumulo de macronutrientes da biomassa seca da parte aerea de milheto e na produtividade da soja. O experimento foi instalado em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrofico de textura argilosa, em Rio Verde-GO, safra 2013/2014. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas variedades de milheto ADR500 e ADR300, pelos hibridos de milheto ADR7020 e ADR8010 e um tratamento-controle mantido sob vegetacao espontânea. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. Os milhetos ADR500 e o ADR8010 apresentaram maior producao de biomassa seca da parte aerea. Os tratamentos sob cultivo de milheto elevaram o teor de potassio no solo, na profundidade de 0 a 0,20 m. As areas com milheto apresentaram reducao da resistencia do solo a penetracao e a densidade do solo, em relacao a area com vegetacao espontânea. Embora os milhetos testados melhorem algumas das condicoes quimicas e fisicas do solo, isso nao se refletiu nos rendimentos da soja como cultura sucessora.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47344030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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