Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P114-122
Lorena da Paz Oliveira, A. Mendonça, Geisislaine do Carmo Reis Araújo, Taise Almeida Conceição, M. O. Souza
The biometric characterization of fruits and seeds, obtaining optimum temperatures and photoperiods for germination and the definition of numbers and counting intervals in the germination tests of Psidium cauliflorum were the objectives of this work. Fruits were obtained from four matrices located in the Environmental Protection Area of Lago de Pedra do Cavalo, in Sao Goncalo dos Campos-BA. The following temperatures were tested: 25 °C; 30 °C; and 25-30 °C, in addition to three light conditions: absence of light; 8 h photoperiod; and 12 h photoperiod. One kilogram of fruit contains about 260 fruits and 1.344 seeds. Germination performance was higher at the alternating temperatures of 25-30 °C, in the presence of light (8 h photoperiod). The germination test lasted 77 days, with the first count at 21 days and subsequent counts at 15 day-intervals.
本工作的目的是研究花椰菜种子和果实的生物特征，获得最佳繁殖温度和光周期，以及发芽试验中数量和计数间隔的定义。水果是从四种基质中获得的，这些基质位于圣冈卡洛多斯坎波斯BA的Lago de Pedra do Cavalo环境保护区。测试了以下温度：25°C；30°C；25-30°C，以及三种光照条件：无光；光周期8h；和12h光周期。一公斤水果含有大约260个水果和1.344个种子。在25-30°C的交替温度下，在光照（8小时光周期）下，发芽性能更高。发芽试验持续了77天，第一次计数在21天，随后每隔15天进行一次计数。
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Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P08-14
Lorena Alves de Oliveira, D. Casaroli, J. A. Junior, A. W. P. Evangelista
This study shows how the advent of technologies and the increase of study centers have influenced evapotranspiration estimation methods in different regions of Brazil and worldwide. Therefore, a search was performed, based on Scopus database, on papers containing the word “evapotranspiration” in the title, abstract, and/or keywords. We evaluated the first year of publication available on the platform, the authors of the first publications, the name of the journal in which the work was published, and the country of publication. Then, a new search was performed on papers containing the words “evapotranspiration” AND “estimate” *OR “method” in the title, abstract, and/or keywords. The following were evaluated in each article: i) year of publication; ii) type of study; iii) name of the journal in which the study was published; iv) Qualis CAPES of journals; v) concentration area; vi) keywords; vii) language of origin; viii) country of publication; and ix) estimation method used in Brazil. The FAO-56 standard method is the most widely used, however, remote sensing has been increasingly used in studies.
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Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P62-69
Gabriel Henriques, M. Z. Negreiros, F. V. Resende, W. D. A. R. Lopes, R. D. C. Paulino
Rio Grande do Norte State in Brazil has microregions with altitudes where the edaphoclimatic conditions are favorable to the cultivation of garlic, including vernalized noble garlic. An example is the municipality of Martins, where vegetable cropping is not a traditional practice. Since it is a region with potential for cultivation of noble garlic, comprising soil and climate conditions that are distinct from traditional production regions in Brazil, the use of nitrogen fertilization becomes an alternative to increase crop yield. This fact can stimulate the semiarid producer to invest in the crop, once it guarantees greater economic return. Thus, aiming to evaluate the production of vernalized noble garlic as a function of nitrogen doses applied in top dressing, an experiment was developed from May to August 2014, using a complete randomized complete block design with five replicates. The treatments consisted of the cover application of increasing doses of N (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha -1 ). The following were evaluated: plant height; number of leaves; average bulb weight; total, commercial, and noncommercial bulb yield; bulb and bulblet classification; and number of bulblets per bulb. The dose of 90 kg ha -1 nitrogen, applied in top dressing, provided the highest averages of plant height, number of leaves, average bulb weight, and total bulb yield. The dose of maximum economic efficiency was 91 kg ha -1 , which promoted greater commercial bulb yield. The number of bulblets per bulb and bulblet classification were not influenced by nitrogen doses applied in top dressing.
巴西北部大州有海拔高度的微区，那里的气候条件有利于种植大蒜，包括春化的贵族大蒜。马丁斯市就是一个例子，在那里种植蔬菜并不是一种传统做法。由于该地区具有种植大蒜的潜力，其土壤和气候条件与巴西传统产区不同，因此使用氮肥成为提高作物产量的一种替代方法。这一事实可以刺激半干旱的生产者投资作物，一旦它保证了更大的经济回报。因此，为了评价春化大蒜产量与追肥施氮量的关系，本试验于2014年5 - 8月采用完全随机完全区组设计，共5个重复。处理包括覆盖施用增加剂量的氮肥(0、40、80、120和160 kg公顷-1)。评估如下:株高;叶数;平均鳞茎重;商业和非商业鳞茎总产量;灯泡和小灯泡的分类;每个球的数量。追肥时施氮量为90 kg ha -1，平均株高、叶片数、平均鳞茎重和总鳞茎产量最高。最大经济效益用量为91 kg ha -1，可提高商品鳞茎产量。每个鳞茎的球数和球的分类不受追肥施氮量的影响。
{"title":"Nitrogen fertilization for noble garlic production in high altitude regions of the Brazilian semiarid region","authors":"Gabriel Henriques, M. Z. Negreiros, F. V. Resende, W. D. A. R. Lopes, R. D. C. Paulino","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P62-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P62-69","url":null,"abstract":"Rio Grande do Norte State in Brazil has microregions with altitudes where the edaphoclimatic conditions are favorable to the cultivation of garlic, including vernalized noble garlic. An example is the municipality of Martins, where vegetable cropping is not a traditional practice. Since it is a region with potential for cultivation of noble garlic, comprising soil and climate conditions that are distinct from traditional production regions in Brazil, the use of nitrogen fertilization becomes an alternative to increase crop yield. This fact can stimulate the semiarid producer to invest in the crop, once it guarantees greater economic return. Thus, aiming to evaluate the production of vernalized noble garlic as a function of nitrogen doses applied in top dressing, an experiment was developed from May to August 2014, using a complete randomized complete block design with five replicates. The treatments consisted of the cover application of increasing doses of N (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha -1 ). The following were evaluated: plant height; number of leaves; average bulb weight; total, commercial, and noncommercial bulb yield; bulb and bulblet classification; and number of bulblets per bulb. The dose of 90 kg ha -1 nitrogen, applied in top dressing, provided the highest averages of plant height, number of leaves, average bulb weight, and total bulb yield. The dose of maximum economic efficiency was 91 kg ha -1 , which promoted greater commercial bulb yield. The number of bulblets per bulb and bulblet classification were not influenced by nitrogen doses applied in top dressing.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P70-76
G. Alcântara, Marília Pereira Machado, R. Oliveira, J. C. B. Filho
Sugarcane is of great economic importance worldwide. Hence, there is great interest in the development of efficient techniques for the production of good quality, homogeneous, disease- and pest-free seedlings. One way to eliminate viruses is through meristem culture. To guarantee success during meristem culture, it is necessary to optimize the components and concentrations of the culture medium. Sucrose is an essential component in the culture medium, serving as a source of carbon and energy for the seedlings. Nitrogen, in turn, is essential in plants because it is a component of biomolecules and countless enzymes. This work evaluates the best combination of nitrogen (75, 100, 125, and 150%) and sucrose (0, 20, 30, and 40 g L -1 ) concentrations in the in vitro multiplication and development of sugarcane cultivar RB036091. The design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with four replicates and five explants per experimental unit. The concentration of 20 g L -1 sucrose with 100% nitrogen, from the original formulation of the MS culture medium, provided a better response in sugarcane multiplication.
甘蔗在世界范围内具有重要的经济意义。因此，人们对发展生产优质、同质、无病虫害幼苗的有效技术非常感兴趣。消灭病毒的一种方法是分生组织培养。为了保证分生组织培养的成功，有必要对培养基的成分和浓度进行优化。蔗糖是培养基中必不可少的成分，是幼苗碳和能量的来源。氮，反过来，对植物来说是必不可少的，因为它是生物分子和无数酶的组成部分。以甘蔗品种RB036091为研究对象，研究了氮(75、100、125和150%)和蔗糖(0、20、30和40 g L -1)浓度的最佳组合。试验设计完全随机化，采用因子设计，4个重复，每个试验单元5个外植体。原MS培养基中添加20 g L -1蔗糖，100%含氮，对甘蔗增殖反应较好。
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Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P36-45
J. N. Silva, L. S. Pereira, Gustavo D. de Sousa, Gustavo Silva Oliveira, A. Jakelaitis
In the insertion of forage plants of the genus Urochloa P. Beauv. (Poaceae) coexisting with annual crops, proper management of the intercropping becomes necessary to avoid economic losses. Among management measures, the chemical inhibition of forage plants with herbicide subdoses is highlighted. Therefore, this study evaluates the morphophysiological responses of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genetically modified to tolerate glyphosate (RR soybean), in coexistence with Urochloa spp., treated or not with glyphosate subdoses and subjected to water deficit. Two tests were carried out in pots with forage species Urochloa ruziziensis (R.Germ & Evrard) Crins and Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu coexisting with soybean, in randomized blocks with five replicates. The tests were arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was represented by the absence and presence of forage; the second by the absence and use of glyphosate subdoses; and the third factor by 50% and 100% field capacity in the pots. The use of glyphosate suppressed the competitive capacity of forages, benefiting the soybean in coexistence. In the absence of suppression from glyphosate, the competition exerted by the forage promoted lower values for the physiological and morphological variables of soybean plants. Among the forages, U. ruziziensis was the most competitive with soybean plants. The root system of forages was not affected by water deficit, only the physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean, mainly rootdry mass. Glyphosate affected forage growth.
{"title":"Coexistence of soybean plants and Urochloa spp. under glyphosate and water deficit effects","authors":"J. N. Silva, L. S. Pereira, Gustavo D. de Sousa, Gustavo Silva Oliveira, A. Jakelaitis","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P36-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P36-45","url":null,"abstract":"In the insertion of forage plants of the genus Urochloa P. Beauv. (Poaceae) coexisting with annual crops, proper management of the intercropping becomes necessary to avoid economic losses. Among management measures, the chemical inhibition of forage plants with herbicide subdoses is highlighted. Therefore, this study evaluates the morphophysiological responses of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genetically modified to tolerate glyphosate (RR soybean), in coexistence with Urochloa spp., treated or not with glyphosate subdoses and subjected to water deficit. Two tests were carried out in pots with forage species Urochloa ruziziensis (R.Germ & Evrard) Crins and Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu coexisting with soybean, in randomized blocks with five replicates. The tests were arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was represented by the absence and presence of forage; the second by the absence and use of glyphosate subdoses; and the third factor by 50% and 100% field capacity in the pots. The use of glyphosate suppressed the competitive capacity of forages, benefiting the soybean in coexistence. In the absence of suppression from glyphosate, the competition exerted by the forage promoted lower values for the physiological and morphological variables of soybean plants. Among the forages, U. ruziziensis was the most competitive with soybean plants. The root system of forages was not affected by water deficit, only the physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean, mainly rootdry mass. Glyphosate affected forage growth.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43117780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P123-131
J. S. Rodrigues, M. S. Garrido, José Aliçandro Bezerra da Silva, W. L. Simões, R. A. Silva, M. N. Amorim
This study analyzed the effect of different doses and application frequencies of a dairy cattle-derived biofertilizer on the growth and nutritional status of maize cv. BRS Caatingueiro in a Yellow Latosol. The experiment was conducted in an open-air nursery at the Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco, Juazeiro-BA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six biofertilizer doses (0, 120, 240, 360, 480, and 600 mL per plant) and two fertigation frequencies (7 and 14 days), with five replicates. The seeds of maize cv. BRS Caatingueiro were planted in pots filled with Yellow Latosol. During the crop cycle (90 days), the following variables were evaluated: height, diameter, and number of leaves. During harvest, the variables evaluated were: root and shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume, chlorophyll index, and macro- and micronutrient contents of leaf and root tissue. Biofertilizer applications at14-day frequencies promoted better plant growth compared to 7-day frequencies. However, despite the lower accumulation of some nutrients in relation to the application of larger doses, the dose of 360 mL biofertilizer promoted better root and leaf growth. Considering the uniformity and economy of the application of the product, it is recommended to apply the dose of 360 mL per plant every 14 days.
{"title":"Growth and nutritional status of maize plants in response to different doses and application frequencies of biofertilizer","authors":"J. S. Rodrigues, M. S. Garrido, José Aliçandro Bezerra da Silva, W. L. Simões, R. A. Silva, M. N. Amorim","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P123-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P123-131","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the effect of different doses and application frequencies of a dairy cattle-derived biofertilizer on the growth and nutritional status of maize cv. BRS Caatingueiro in a Yellow Latosol. The experiment was conducted in an open-air nursery at the Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco, Juazeiro-BA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six biofertilizer doses (0, 120, 240, 360, 480, and 600 mL per plant) and two fertigation frequencies (7 and 14 days), with five replicates. The seeds of maize cv. BRS Caatingueiro were planted in pots filled with Yellow Latosol. During the crop cycle (90 days), the following variables were evaluated: height, diameter, and number of leaves. During harvest, the variables evaluated were: root and shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume, chlorophyll index, and macro- and micronutrient contents of leaf and root tissue. Biofertilizer applications at14-day frequencies promoted better plant growth compared to 7-day frequencies. However, despite the lower accumulation of some nutrients in relation to the application of larger doses, the dose of 360 mL biofertilizer promoted better root and leaf growth. Considering the uniformity and economy of the application of the product, it is recommended to apply the dose of 360 mL per plant every 14 days.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P28-35
R. F. Marques, G. Pinheiro, A. S. Marques, R. M. Souza, S. R. Marchi
The occurrence of weeds has been the main obstacle to vegetation recovery in Cerrado areas unduly occupied by agricultural and livestock activities. This study evaluates the effect of different pre-emergent herbicides on the emergence, survival, and early development of seedlings of the native species jatoba ( Hymenaea stigonocarpa ), urucum ( Bixa orellana ), dry flour ( Albizia hasslerii ), and white jurema ( Mimosa interrupta ). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates, where the treatments were constituted by herbicides: isoxaflutole, applied at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 g ai ha -1 ; pendimethalin, at 500, 1000, and 4000 g ai ha -1 ; and trifluralin, at 600, 1200, and 2400 g ai ha -1 ; in addition to a control treatment, without the application of herbicides. Herbicide phytotoxicity was evaluated at 35 days after emergence for the number of emerged seedlings, number of leaves per seedling, seedling height and diameter, and root and shoot dry weight. With the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that under the conditions of the experiment, all the herbicides and doses used did not affect the emergence and early development of seedlings of species H. stigonocarpa and B. orellana . For species A. hasslerii , the dose of 300 g ai ha -1 of herbicide isoxaflutole was not selective. All doses of the herbicide trifluralin showed selectivity for species M. interrupta .
杂草的出现一直是塞拉多地区植被恢复的主要障碍，这些地区被农业和畜牧业活动过度占用。本研究评估了不同的出苗前除草剂对本地物种jatoba（Hymenaea stigonocarpa）、urucum（Bixa orellana）、干面粉（Albizia hassleii）和白色jurema（Mimosa interrupta）幼苗的出苗、存活和早期发育的影响。该实验在温室条件下进行，采用完全随机的实验设计，共有五个重复，其中处理由除草剂组成：异恶唑，以100、200和300 g ai ha-1的剂量施用；在500、1000和4000 g ai ha-1的条件下，二甲基苯二甲林；氟乐灵，分别为600、1200和2400 g ai ha-1；除对照处理外，不使用除草剂。在出苗后35天，对除草剂的植物毒性进行评估，包括出苗数量、每株幼苗的叶片数量、幼苗高度和直径以及根和茎干重。根据所获得的结果，可以肯定的是，在实验条件下，所使用的所有除草剂和剂量都不会影响H.stigonocarpa和B.orellana幼苗的出现和早期发育。对于A.hassleii种，300 g ai ha-1的除草剂异恶唑的剂量是没有选择性的。所有剂量的除草剂氟乐灵都显示出对中断分枝杆菌的选择性。
{"title":"Effect of pre-emergent graminicide herbicides on germination and early development of native species","authors":"R. F. Marques, G. Pinheiro, A. S. Marques, R. M. Souza, S. R. Marchi","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P28-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P28-35","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of weeds has been the main obstacle to vegetation recovery in Cerrado areas unduly occupied by agricultural and livestock activities. This study evaluates the effect of different pre-emergent herbicides on the emergence, survival, and early development of seedlings of the native species jatoba ( Hymenaea stigonocarpa ), urucum ( Bixa orellana ), dry flour ( Albizia hasslerii ), and white jurema ( Mimosa interrupta ). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates, where the treatments were constituted by herbicides: isoxaflutole, applied at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 g ai ha -1 ; pendimethalin, at 500, 1000, and 4000 g ai ha -1 ; and trifluralin, at 600, 1200, and 2400 g ai ha -1 ; in addition to a control treatment, without the application of herbicides. Herbicide phytotoxicity was evaluated at 35 days after emergence for the number of emerged seedlings, number of leaves per seedling, seedling height and diameter, and root and shoot dry weight. With the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that under the conditions of the experiment, all the herbicides and doses used did not affect the emergence and early development of seedlings of species H. stigonocarpa and B. orellana . For species A. hasslerii , the dose of 300 g ai ha -1 of herbicide isoxaflutole was not selective. All doses of the herbicide trifluralin showed selectivity for species M. interrupta .","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P104-113
E. Junges, M. Muniz, B. Bastos, Pâmela Oruoski, C. Michelon
This study performs the microbiolization of black oat seeds with Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis by physiological conditioning, suspension of biological structures, and film coating, improving the control of pathogens and the effect on seed germination and vigor. Microbiolization with suspension of biological structures was carried out with commercial products based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis . Water restriction was performed in PDA + Mannitol (-0.8 MPa) medium, for Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis . One hundred disinfected seeds of black oat were distributed in each plate. Once root protrusion occurred in one seed, the others were removed and dried, under laboratory conditions, for 48h. Film coating was performed with the addition of polymer to the treatment syrup containing Trichoderma spp. or B. subtilis . The seeds were dried for 48 h in a laboratory environment. A treatment was used to coat the conditioned seeds with the organisms, individually or in combination. Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis control the pathogens associated with black oat seeds. B. subtilis increases the germination, seedling performance and growth, and dry matter accumulation of black oat. Trichoderma spp. promotes seedling shoot growth and dry matter accumulation in black oat plants. However, Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis , applied by physiological conditioning and film coating, compromise the germination and emergence of black oat seedlings.
{"title":"Biopriming in black oat seeds","authors":"E. Junges, M. Muniz, B. Bastos, Pâmela Oruoski, C. Michelon","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P104-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P104-113","url":null,"abstract":"This study performs the microbiolization of black oat seeds with Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis by physiological conditioning, suspension of biological structures, and film coating, improving the control of pathogens and the effect on seed germination and vigor. Microbiolization with suspension of biological structures was carried out with commercial products based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis . Water restriction was performed in PDA + Mannitol (-0.8 MPa) medium, for Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis . One hundred disinfected seeds of black oat were distributed in each plate. Once root protrusion occurred in one seed, the others were removed and dried, under laboratory conditions, for 48h. Film coating was performed with the addition of polymer to the treatment syrup containing Trichoderma spp. or B. subtilis . The seeds were dried for 48 h in a laboratory environment. A treatment was used to coat the conditioned seeds with the organisms, individually or in combination. Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis control the pathogens associated with black oat seeds. B. subtilis increases the germination, seedling performance and growth, and dry matter accumulation of black oat. Trichoderma spp. promotes seedling shoot growth and dry matter accumulation in black oat plants. However, Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis , applied by physiological conditioning and film coating, compromise the germination and emergence of black oat seedlings.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46339740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P77-82
E. Fuhrmann, E. Vieira, J. F. Fialho, F. Faleiro, L. Carvalho
Cassava storage root is the staple food of most of the Brazilian population. In this study, 13 cassava clones were evaluated for agronomic and biochemical traits compared to the control variety IAC 576-70. The experiments were conducted at Embrapa Cerrados during two harvest seasons. A randomized complete block design was used with three replicates, each plot consisting of 4 rows of 10 plants. Trait means were grouped by the Scott-Knott clustering test at 5% probability. The results highlighted clones 273/08 and 259/08, based on first branch height; 90/08, 272/08, 273/08, 497/08, 259/08, and 450/08, based on plant height; 94/08 and 272/08, based on shoot weight without the original stem cutting; 26/08, 272/08, 259/08, and 450/08, based on root starch percentage; and 215/08, based on root yield. In the 2011/2012 season, all clones showed cooking time less than 30 minutes. Regarding root protein content, clones 26/08, 90/08, and 91/08 were highlighted. HCN levels in cassava roots were below 100 mg kg -1 in all clones evaluated. We found elite clones with high levels of root carotenoids, especially clones 91/08, 94/08, 215/08, 246/08, 272/08, and 497/08. These clones have great potential for direct use by producers, and can be used as promising parents in genetic breeding programs of cassava.
木薯的储藏根是大多数巴西人的主食。以13个木薯无性系为材料，以对照品种IAC 576-70为对照，对其农艺和生化性状进行了评价。实验是在两个收获季节在Embrapa Cerrados进行的。采用随机完全区组设计，3个重复，每个小区4行，每株10株。性状均值按5%的概率采用Scott-Knott聚类检验进行分组。结果显示，克隆273/08和259/08以第一枝高为主;90/08、272/08、273/08、497/08、259/08和450/08;94/08和272/08，根据未切割原茎的茎重计算;26/08, 272/08, 259/08和450/08，基于根淀粉百分比年龄;和215/08，基于根产量。在2011/2012季，所有克隆产品的烹饪时间都不到30分钟。在根蛋白含量方面，26/08、90/08和91/08无性系表现突出。在所有评估的无性系中，木薯根中的HCN含量低于100 mg kg -1。结果表明，根类胡萝卜素含量较高的无性系主要为91/08、94/08、215/08、246/08、272/08和497/08。这些无性系具有很大的直接利用潜力，可作为木薯遗传育种中有前途的亲本。
{"title":"Agronomic performance and biochemical attributes of yellow-pulped elite sweet cassava clones","authors":"E. Fuhrmann, E. Vieira, J. F. Fialho, F. Faleiro, L. Carvalho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P77-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P77-82","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava storage root is the staple food of most of the Brazilian population. In this study, 13 cassava clones were evaluated for agronomic and biochemical traits compared to the control variety IAC 576-70. The experiments were conducted at Embrapa Cerrados during two harvest seasons. A randomized complete block design was used with three replicates, each plot consisting of 4 rows of 10 plants. Trait means were grouped by the Scott-Knott clustering test at 5% probability. The results highlighted clones 273/08 and 259/08, based on first branch height; 90/08, 272/08, 273/08, 497/08, 259/08, and 450/08, based on plant height; 94/08 and 272/08, based on shoot weight without the original stem cutting; 26/08, 272/08, 259/08, and 450/08, based on root starch percentage; and 215/08, based on root yield. In the 2011/2012 season, all clones showed cooking time less than 30 minutes. Regarding root protein content, clones 26/08, 90/08, and 91/08 were highlighted. HCN levels in cassava roots were below 100 mg kg -1 in all clones evaluated. We found elite clones with high levels of root carotenoids, especially clones 91/08, 94/08, 215/08, 246/08, 272/08, and 497/08. These clones have great potential for direct use by producers, and can be used as promising parents in genetic breeding programs of cassava.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47776904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P83-90
Ana Carolina Ribeiro de Oliveira, P. Cecon, M. Nascimento, F. Finger, G. M. Pereira, Guilherme Alves Puiatti
The development of new Capsicum cultivars aiming to meet market requirements will depend, above all, on the genetic diversity of the study population. To quantify this genetic divergence, several multivariate techniques assessing quantitative traits have been employed. This study aimed to: i. estimate the genetic diversity among Capsicum chinense accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of Plants of the Federal University of Vicosa (BGH-UFV); ii. indicate promising accessions for prospective studies of specific market niches; iii. evaluate the disposal of redundant traits. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates, in which 11 C. chinense accessions were evaluated, based on 11 quantitative fruit traits. The data were subjected to cluster analysis by the UPGMA and Tocher methods, based on the quadratic Euclidean distance, to assess diversity. Afterwards, we used principal component analysis, Jolliffe’s method and procrustes analysis for the disposal of traits. The highest genetic dissimilarity was obtained between accessions 2 and 10. The phenotypic correlation coefficients obtained were 0.75 (UPGMA) and 0.91 (Tocher), the latter being significant by the Mantel test (p < 0.05). Six clusters were formed by using the Tocher method, four of which were composed by a single accession. Regarding the disposal of variables, traits TFDW, TFFW, PUN, %DM, FW, PT, and FL were shown to be disposable, and do not affect diversity prediction in terms of graphic dispersion. Accessions 9, 10, and 11 are indicated for in natura consumption, while accessions 2 and 3 are indicated for industrial purposes. These accessions showed the best results among the evaluated traits for the mentioned niches.
{"title":"Genetic divergence between pepper accessions based on quantitative fruit traits","authors":"Ana Carolina Ribeiro de Oliveira, P. Cecon, M. Nascimento, F. Finger, G. M. Pereira, Guilherme Alves Puiatti","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P83-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P83-90","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new Capsicum cultivars aiming to meet market requirements will depend, above all, on the genetic diversity of the study population. To quantify this genetic divergence, several multivariate techniques assessing quantitative traits have been employed. This study aimed to: i. estimate the genetic diversity among Capsicum chinense accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of Plants of the Federal University of Vicosa (BGH-UFV); ii. indicate promising accessions for prospective studies of specific market niches; iii. evaluate the disposal of redundant traits. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates, in which 11 C. chinense accessions were evaluated, based on 11 quantitative fruit traits. The data were subjected to cluster analysis by the UPGMA and Tocher methods, based on the quadratic Euclidean distance, to assess diversity. Afterwards, we used principal component analysis, Jolliffe’s method and procrustes analysis for the disposal of traits. The highest genetic dissimilarity was obtained between accessions 2 and 10. The phenotypic correlation coefficients obtained were 0.75 (UPGMA) and 0.91 (Tocher), the latter being significant by the Mantel test (p < 0.05). Six clusters were formed by using the Tocher method, four of which were composed by a single accession. Regarding the disposal of variables, traits TFDW, TFFW, PUN, %DM, FW, PT, and FL were shown to be disposable, and do not affect diversity prediction in terms of graphic dispersion. Accessions 9, 10, and 11 are indicated for in natura consumption, while accessions 2 and 3 are indicated for industrial purposes. These accessions showed the best results among the evaluated traits for the mentioned niches.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":"1978 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41262929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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