Psychiatria Hungarica最新文献

Introduction: In Hungary, the use of music in rehabilitation is a scarcely researched area. In this study we aimed to examine the structure, purpose, and role of music activities conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged. We studied the rehabilitation programs of psychiatric patients and the role of music activities in healing and reintegration. All of this has been compared to the structure, timing and effectiveness of music therapy methods used worldwide.

Methods: The 10-person sample consisted of patients participating in the rehabilitation program of the department, who agreed to attend music sessions there over a two-week interval. During the first and last interventions, we mea - sured patient satisfaction with life, perceived social support, and levels of depression and trait anxiety. In addition, we measured changes in anxiety during a single music session, and a short structured interview was completed with each patient at the time of the last session.

Results: Our results show that patients' perceived social support increased (t[9]=-3,61, p< 0,01) during the intervention period - especially regarding the family dimension (t[9]=-2,57 , p=0,03). The level of anxiety decreased (t[9]=2,42, p=0,03), and the level of depression also showed a marginally significant decrease (t[9]=2,11, p= 0,06). No significant differences were found in the changes of life satisfaction and the immediate anxiety-relieving effect of music practice. The content of the interviews however confirmed that there is indeed an immediate anxiety-relieving effect of a single music session.

Discussion: To summarise the quantitative and qualitative data, it can be stated that the music activities of the department are several points in line with the international practice, and operate with low risk and high efficiency. The work done here has confirmed that music activities can be an effective method along with the clinical treatments and play an important role in the rehabilitation process.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

While examining art psychology, it is often experienced that heavy traumas have a highly incentive role on work of arts. It is an exceptional precedent, when a work is born with the intention of processing a trauma, what is also documented by the author himself. Mourning, which is known to be "the most perfect" work of Németh, was written with this intention, when László Németh and his wife lost their three and a half years old daughter, Pocó, in 1930. The period around the experience of loss has never been studied with a focus on processing trauma. This study will research this topic. Examining the novel, Mourning and the relevant work- and biographical documents with the method of psychobiography it can be stated, that László Németh experiencing an acute loss, the unmet needs of his own grief while being in the creative writing process, his unprocessed previous traumas coming to the front, and extreme character portrayal of the novel were presumably obstructive, while the support of his wife and his cousin's similar experience of loss through its role in encouraging the creative process were supporting in processing the trauma. The novel Mourning offers a genuine portrayal of the emotional ups and downs and the looming isolation, as well as of the role of the community experienced during bereavement. In 1931, it is through the words of a peasant woman that László Németh conveys his message, which is still relevant today. The message of the uniqueness of bereavement helps to prevent the grief from becoming the "disease of pride".

Introduction: Several studies have investigated the relationship between personality and psychoactive substance use. Researches of personality and marijuana use suggests that certain personality traits differentiate between occasional and regular marijuana consumers. Understanding the relationship between individual persona - lity traits and marijuana use is a key step in the development of prevention and treatment methods. In the current study, we present the development of emotion regulation difficulties, coping with stress, impulsivity, external-internal control and sensation seeking in occasional and regular marijuana users.

Methods: 322 people participated in our study, within this 51 occasional and 56 regular marijuana users and 215 non-marijuana users who formed the control group. The examined personality traits were measured with the Diffi - culties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and the Sensation Seeking Scale.

Results: Varying levels of marijuana use increased difficulty in emotion regulation as well as impulsivity. Addi tio nally, the use of emotion-oriented coping strategies were most common in occasional and regular marijuana use. Regular marijuana users were more likely to have external control than occasional users. Non-marijuana users were less sen - sation seekers that the two groups of marijuana users, however, we did not find significant difference between occasio nal and regular users.

Bertalan Petho passed away in the Spring of 2020. The genius investigator was an enthusiastic and dedicated follower of Karl Leonhard, one of the German psychiatrists, who developed his own nosology which remained largely hidden from broad recognition. Bertalan Petho verified the validity and supplemented the Leonhard nosology: e.g. completed their "premorbid" personality concept and entered some psychosocial criteria in the etiology of the endogenous psychoses. His results and treatises were published in English and German in numerous and renowned periodicals. Summarized studies emerged in books. In light of trauma studies and new research on neurocognitive and epigenetic topics, traditional psychiatric classification seems to lose its validity. On the one hand, transgenerational trauma influences gene expression as an epigenetic factor. On the other hand, it also affects psycho-social development and growth of the individuum. Dimensional diagnostic approaches and non-categorical disease classification appears to be more natural and plausible in the state of science. WKL nosology will remain a part of psychiatry􀀀 s history as well as a wonderful theory with practicality - for the knowledgeable.

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are present both in behavior and in the subjective experience of the patients, however the relationships between these two components have not been sufficiently studied. Standardized assessment methods were utilized in a study of 96 acutely exacerbated inpatients and 26 stabilized outpatients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder for the measurement of nega tive symptoms, subjective experiences, depression, general psychopathology and neurological side effects. Halo - peridol blood levels were controlled in the inpatient group. Results of this study suggest that the behavioral symptoms and the subjective experiences of the negative syndrome are not correlated with each other. The subjective experiences of negative symptoms were highly correlated with depression in the acutely exacerbated inpatients, but not in the outpatients. Medication levels and neurological side effects were not related either to the behavioral or the experiential aspects of the negative syndrome.

Depending on affinity, attitude, preference, understanding, and mental state, music can influence emotions, mood, motivation, psychomotor, cognitive, and spiritual functions in the receptive person. It is presumed that a given music may reflect the actual psychic condition of the composer and, if applicable, the nature of the chosen topic to be characterized. However, extreme situations may emerge from these components i.e. the music might overshoot the frontiers of normal psychological phenomena and 'heavy mental' psychopathological symptoms or syndromes may appear in it. Present search restricts the wide range of music categories to the classical one (instrumental and vocal, opera included) and attempts to screen for such 'heavy mental' psychopathological signs beside mentioning the slighter symptoms. Phenomena of amnesia, dementia/delirium, mental retardation, biased perception, chemical/behavioural addiction, delusion, misidentification, mania, depression, suicide, anxiety, obsession-compulsion, conversion, disso - ciation, para/hyper/insomnia, sexual and personality disorders are listed as examples from the wide repertoire. The figure of the 'fool' and the topic of 'madness' (in general, and folia, tarantella) are mentioned as well as the appearance of some behavioural traits ('seven deadly sins'), feigning psychic/somatic states, pathological lying, mutism, stutterism, famous oracles, mesmerism, and employing magic or various potions. Mad scenes as psychotic conditions (often tran - sient if due to psychotrauma from romantic love) occur in many operas. However, quite a few of them have been written by Donizetti. Considering his life, behaviour and composing features, the question arises about Donizetti's ailment: was it mood disorder, Barbaja, or luetic derailment?

Background and aims: Numerous studies report the positive effects of religion/spirituality on mental health, including the positive association of religion/spirituality with well-being and negative association with depressive symptoms. However, few studies focus on how gender influences the relationship between religion/spirituality and mental health, and to date, no research has been conducted on this aspect among emerging adults. This study aims to test the qualitative and quantitative gender differences in the relationship between religion/spirituality and depression and well-being among emerging adults.

Method: In this mixed methodological study, data (N=523; women=62%, age=18-28) were collected with a questionnaire including CES-D-R (depression), WBI-5 (well-being), BMMRS (multidimensional measurement of religion/spi - rituality) and two open-ended qualitative questions on the perceived negative and positive effects of religion/spirituality among emerging adults.

Results: Results show a moderate relationship between religion/spirituality and well-being, as well as between religion/spirituality and depression among women, and a weak relationship between these variables among men. The dimensions of religion/spirituality which showed a significant association with well-being and depression varied by gender. According to the qualitative data, both genders conceptualize the effects of religion/spirituality on their lives in the same way; yet, a significant gender difference was found in the frequency of five qualitative codes.

Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of dimensional approach towards religion/spirituality in research and suggest gender differences in the effect-mechanism of religion/spirituality on the mental health of emerging adults. Besides, still unreported forms of the perceived negative and positive effects of religion/spirituality were found.

The "Act on the Development of the Health Care System, CXXXII/2006" ordered a general reduction in the number of hospital beds, which sensitively affected the care of psychiatric inpatients, too. In this wave of downsizing, the National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, an institute with the traditions of one and a half centuries, also ceased to exist. Based on statistical data, the article examined the effect of the law on inpatient and outpatient psychiatric/ addictological care. The reduction in the number of beds had a long-term effect only upon the reduction in the capacity of acute inpatient care; while the number of acute patients treated decreased, the number of involuntary hospital admissions increased and oddly enough, bed occupancy also decreased. This last phenomenon can in part be attributed to a reduction in nursing time. The patient care decreased in both adult and pediatric psychiatric out - patient care, as did similarly the turnover of outpatient clinics for addicts. However, the changes observed in outpatient care were not related to the bed number reduction, but rather meant the continuation of previously started decline in psychiatric/addictological care. There were no detectable changes in the trends for other examined characteristics, such as homelessness and involuntary treatment. A temporary increase was observed only in the number of completed suicides, but the previously seen decreasing trend was restored in this respect after 2011. All in all, the reduction in the number of beds forced by law caused only temporary care disruptions and had no significant effect, either positive or negative, on the negative trends in psychiatric/addictological care that started earlier. However, the reasons for these negative trends observed in Hungarian psychiatric/addictological care, and which still persist to this day, are unclear.