Psychiatria Hungarica最新文献

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset mental disorder, demonstrates genetical effects, and is characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While ADHD was previously only considered a childhood disorder, longitudinal studies over the past decades have proven that in a significant number of cases, the symptoms of the disorder can also be detected in adulthood, and therefore affects 2-4% of the adult population. In Hungary, adult ADHD programs started about 20 years ago and has been able to provide help to many adults living with ADHD. However, this form of care needs further development in many aspects and suffers from capacity deficits at the national level. On July 4-6, 2023 we organized a CME course on adult ADHD at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Semmelweis University. The objective of this course was to deepen the knowledge of participants and alleviate care difficulties in the long term through the sharing of information and good practices. As part of this, a narrative review was written, which touches on the current issues of diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults.

The stability of brain functions is mainly determined by the energy management of the cells, and mental health is, therefore, profoundly affected by metabolic dysfunctions and immune and inflammatory processes. Research sheds light on more and more details and connections about the efficacy of diet and exercise, based on which we can develop effective metabolic interventions. The roots of this discipline, which is emerging today, go back to thousands of years of traditions and hundreds of years of documented observations. This paper reviews the role of mitochondria in healthy cell functions, in the distress cascade, and in the neurobiology of mental illnesses, as well as the modern knowledge related to metabolic interventions that support mitochondrial function, the therapeutic fasting, the ketogenic diet therapy, the regular exercise, and the use of nutritional supplements, and finally discusses the role of metabolic interventions in curing psychiatric diseases and improving mental health. The purpose of metabolic psychiatric interventions is to prevent neuroprogression in the broad sense, if it is already developing, to stop it, to break it, to restore the degraded functions, as a supplement to the usual psychosocial, pharmacological, somatic and neuromodulation treatments.

Neurotrauma means head or spine injury caused by an external force. Neurotraumatology care requires coordinated teamwork on the part of specialists, including psychological care as part of the multidisciplinary treatment team. Psychological interventions in the field of neurotraumatology aim to address the psychological consequences and challenges associated with head or spine injury. These interventions play a vital role in crisis intervention, promoting recovery, enhancing quality of life, and supporting individuals and their families in coping with the psychological impact of neurotrauma. Serious physical injuries always cause severe psychological consequences, both in short and long term. A critical accident is a sudden, unexpected, often directly life-threatening event that exceeds the individual's ability to respond and can create a potential crisis response, including suicidal risk, as well as the development of psychological disorders, in most cases acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological interventions in neurotraumatology are often provided by a multidisciplinary team that may include psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and other healthcare professionals. These interventions are tailored to the unique needs and circumstances of each individual, with the goal of reducing psychological symptomps, promoting psychological well-being, adjustment, and overall recovery following neurotrauma. It is essential that not only patients who have experienced severe physical trauma, but also their family members have access to expert psychological support. This study summarizes psychological interventions during the treatment of neurotaruma patients at the intensive care unit.

Introduction: In recent decades, serious changes have been observed in social gender roles. More and more publications have been published regarding the connection between masculinity and mental disorders. Most of the professional guidelines related to major depression have not been adapted yet to social changes in gender roles, or only to a small extent.

Objective: The authors of the article present the possible influence of masculinity on psychotherapies, focusing on clients suffering from major depressive disorder.

Method: In our manuscript, we first summarize the psychosocial changes that affect the male gender role in Western societies. After that, we review the possible impact of this transformation on psychotherapies. We mainly deal with the relationship between the onset of major depressive disorder and the male gender role. At the end of our publication, we make recommendations on how to integrate our knowledge of masculinity into the context of therapy.

Results: Individual socialization differences related to the male gender role and social expectations can greatly influence the appearance of mental illnesses. Internalized and externalized symptoms should also be taken into account in the recognition and treatment of major depressive disorder. Positive masculinity as a therapeutic framework can be successfully combined with specific psychotherapies in order to personalize the healing process.

Conclusions: In recent years, mental health care sensitive to gender roles has gained more and more space. Although we already have more and more information about how masculinization affects the clinical picture of mental illness, such as major depressive disorder, further studies are needed for more effective diagnosis and therapy.

No Abstract Available.

Introduction: Suicide is a severe public health problem. Impacts of childhood traumas, unsecure adult attachment styles and personality traits have been suggested as possible risk factors for suicide attempts. The aim of this cross-sectional, case-controlled study is to investigate the impact of childhood traumas, adult attachment styles and personality traits on suicide attempt.

Methods: The sample consisted of psychiatric patients who attempted suicide (n=101) on the one hand and those who did not attempt suicide (n=114) on the other. The questionnaires used were the Hungarian validated versions of Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and a demographic questionnaire.

Results: Results indicated that Novelty Seeking (NS) temperament trait [EH=1.043; 95% C.I.=(0.950-1.145)] p=0.376; emotional abuse [EH=1.034; 95% C.I.=(0.966-1.107)] p=0.336; emotional neglect [EH=1.022; 95% C.I.=(0.936-1.116)] p=0.626; and sexual abuse [EH=1.047; 95% C.I.=(0.959-1.142)] p=0.305 were associated with nonsignificant increases in the odds of suicide attempts. Whereas secure attachment style [EH=0.908; 95% C.I.=(0.842-0.980)] p=0.013 appeared to be a significantly protective factor (c2(1)=6.515 p=0.011). Furthermore, when examining the connection between childhood traumas and adult attachment styles it was found that the anxious attachment style had a positive significant correlation with emotional abuse (rs(197)=0.293) p<0.001, avoidant attachment style with emotional neglect (rs(197)= 0.273) p<0.001.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individuals with avoidant attachment style and childhood traumas are likely to present a higher suicide risk. However secure attachment style likely to present a lower risk for suicide.

The prevalence of mental health problems is on the rise worldwide, and there appears to be a significant increase in young university students as well - a British study found a fivefold increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents over a 10-year period. In the world of medical universities, full of stressful challenges and a competitive atmosphere, the above factors put even more pressure on students. The less favorable mental state of medical students compared to students of other universities is well known and cannot be considered as specific to Hungary. There are several national and international studies that emphasize the multicausal origin of this phenomenon. In order to support the mental and physical well-being of students, to reduce dropout rates and to prevent various psychiatric disorders, the development of well-being services is advocated worldwide. In our paper, we present the curricular and extracurricular mental health promotion opportunities available to students at Semmelweis University, with a special focus on the Student Counselling Service.

No Abstract Available.

Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka, the great Hungarian artist was called a sort of a "crazy painter" by his contemporaries. Retrospectively, he was diagnosed as suffering not from psychosis but a schizotypal personality disorder based on seven out of nine diagnostic criteria. However, we still need a more precise definition of these criteria. It was also said that his paintings are like those made by the mentally ill. But following the principles and methods of the psychopathological art, especially that of Rennert, we find definitely more dissimilitudes than resemblances. In order to obtain a more accurate profile of this extraordinary creator, we still need further research focusing on the facts.

Introduction: Mindfulness based interventions belongs to the third wave of cognitive behavioural therapies, where the focus is shifted from restructuring negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes to the awareness and acceptance of mental events. The effectiveness of mindfulness based interventions also encouraged researchers to explore more precisely the mechanism of mindfulness. One of the most common measuring instruments is the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). In recent years, several versions of the questionnaire have been developed, but so far no Hungarian sample has yet been used to assess which version is the most suitable for clinical and research use.

Objective: Hungarian adaptation and internal / external validity testing of the short version of FFMQ.

Method: In our cross-sectional, non-randomized study, we included 1413 patients from the psychotherapy outpatient clinic of our institution between 2018 and 2022.

Results: Compared to the original 39 items, the 15-item version of the FFMQ has better validity indicators. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis, the five-factor model shows an excellent fit. The internal and external reliability of the five-factor structure proved to be better, than the one-factor model. The correlation coefficients also are indicating, that the direction and strength of the relationship are equivalent for the examined variables.

Conclusions: The FFMQ-SF-15 version is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring mindfulness in a clinical sample.