Psychiatria Hungarica最新文献

The prevalence of mental health problems is on the rise worldwide, and there appears to be a significant increase in young university students as well - a British study found a fivefold increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents over a 10-year period. In the world of medical universities, full of stressful challenges and a competitive atmosphere, the above factors put even more pressure on students. The less favorable mental state of medical students compared to students of other universities is well known and cannot be considered as specific to Hungary. There are several national and international studies that emphasize the multicausal origin of this phenomenon. In order to support the mental and physical well-being of students, to reduce dropout rates and to prevent various psychiatric disorders, the development of well-being services is advocated worldwide. In our paper, we present the curricular and extracurricular mental health promotion opportunities available to students at Semmelweis University, with a special focus on the Student Counselling Service.

No Abstract Available.

Author analyses the process of care of somatic symptom disorder in the general medical practice with special concern to iatrogenic harms. In his opinion the latency of the patients' first appointment with a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist is caused by multiple factors. Patients do not have knowledge on the basic activities of central nervous system necessary to recognize the pathomechanism. On the other hand, physicians do not know the real clinical picture and the cutpoints of the illness. For laypersons the official nosological definition(s) can be very deceptive and frustrating. While somatic symptom disorder is recently an exclusional diagnosis, there are plenty of unnecessary expensive medical appointments and investigations prior to the first efficient intervention. There is a lack of aimed guidelines and protocols. Consequently both pharmaco- and psychotherapy start late and not in the optimal (individually tailored) way. Considering the real capacities in general practice and also in psychiatry, author points to the most urgent steps which can improve the medical care of patients living with somatic symptom disorders.

In this article, we discuss the use of bibliotherapy for depression in pediatric cancer patients, to attract attention to the importance of this method, overlooked by most health professionals. Cancer in children and adolescents is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. There is a subgroup of children with cancer at increased risk for anxiety and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychosocial providers offer a wide range of psychotherapeutic interventions to pediatric cancer patients and their families. Bibliotherapy (also referred to as book therapy or reading therapy), a form of psychotherapy, involves using any text to improve physical, social, mental, and spiritual health, through reading, discussing, and facilitating a better understanding. Studies have shown that bibliotherapy is effective in reducing symptoms of depression in children, adolescents and adults. Bibliotherapy is also effective in decreasing symptoms of depression in adult patients with cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been reported about use of bibliotherapy for depression in pediatric cancer patients. Therefore, we strongly recommend that randomized controlled studies should be conducted on the use of bibliotherapy for depression in children and adolescents with cancer.

Who was actually the director of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry at Balassa Street, for a long time also referred to as the Moravcsik Clinic? A polymath, a genius, or rather a knight of fortune who wanted to draw attention to himself by building a clinic for himself? We looked into this on the occasion of his death anniversary. How did he get from the head of the department to the founding of the Psychiatry and Neurology Clinic? He dreamed up every corner of the Department, which was the most impressive and patient-friendly clinic of its time even in European terms. The building was not only used for the recovery of patients, but also for the continuous medical training of doctors. His books and publications stand out from his work. Analyzing his school-creating activities, we can see that his students became famous psychiatrists. From the descriptions left by his contemporaries, it is clear that he was characterized by goodness and love. He could rejoice at the recovery of one of his patients as if he himself had been the lucky one. His correspondence with his most unique colleague, József Brenner, i.e. the writer Géza Csáth, can be found in the archives. The Moravcsik Foundation, a non-profit organization for psychiatric care, preserves his name to this day and nurtures his intellectual heritage.

Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka, the great Hungarian artist was called a sort of a "crazy painter" by his contemporaries. Retrospectively, he was diagnosed as suffering not from psychosis but a schizotypal personality disorder based on seven out of nine diagnostic criteria. However, we still need a more precise definition of these criteria. It was also said that his paintings are like those made by the mentally ill. But following the principles and methods of the psychopathological art, especially that of Rennert, we find definitely more dissimilitudes than resemblances. In order to obtain a more accurate profile of this extraordinary creator, we still need further research focusing on the facts.

Introduction: Mindfulness based interventions belongs to the third wave of cognitive behavioural therapies, where the focus is shifted from restructuring negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes to the awareness and acceptance of mental events. The effectiveness of mindfulness based interventions also encouraged researchers to explore more precisely the mechanism of mindfulness. One of the most common measuring instruments is the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). In recent years, several versions of the questionnaire have been developed, but so far no Hungarian sample has yet been used to assess which version is the most suitable for clinical and research use.

Objective: Hungarian adaptation and internal / external validity testing of the short version of FFMQ.

Method: In our cross-sectional, non-randomized study, we included 1413 patients from the psychotherapy outpatient clinic of our institution between 2018 and 2022.

Results: Compared to the original 39 items, the 15-item version of the FFMQ has better validity indicators. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis, the five-factor model shows an excellent fit. The internal and external reliability of the five-factor structure proved to be better, than the one-factor model. The correlation coefficients also are indicating, that the direction and strength of the relationship are equivalent for the examined variables.

Conclusions: The FFMQ-SF-15 version is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring mindfulness in a clinical sample.

We consider the disorders of arousal and sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy as genetic twin-conditions, one without, one with epilepsy. They share an augmented arousal-activity during NREM sleep with sleep-wake dissociations, culminating in sleep terrors and sleep-related hypermotor seizures with similar symptoms. The known mutations underlying the two spectra are different, but there are multifold population-genetic-, family- and even individual (the two conditions occurring in the same person) overlaps supporting common genetic roots. In the episodes of disorders of arousal, the anterior cingulate, anterior insular and pre-frontal cortices (shown to be involved in fear- and emotion processing) are activated within a sleeping brain. These regions overlap with the seizure-onset zones of successfully operated sleep-related hypermotor seizures, and notably, belong to the salience network being consistent with its hubs. The arousal-relatedness and the similar fearful disorientation occurring in sleep terrors and hypermotor seizures, make them alike the acute stress-responses emerging from sleep; triggered by false alarms. An acute stress-response can easily mobilize the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (preparing fight-flight responses in wakefulness); through its direct pathways to and from the salience network. This hypothesis has never been studied.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition with unique characteristics of perception and neurocognition that begins in childhood and persists into adulthood. It significantly affects social integration and adaptation, and is a great challenge in terms of psychological coping. Intensive genetic and neurobiological research is focused at understanding the brain underpinnings of autism, and it is also at the forefront of pharmacological development. From the point of view of people living with autism spectrum disorder, the quality of help they receive during examination and care, in terms of biological therapies and psychotherapy, is of great importance. Support in the higher education system and legal-financial help are similarly important issue. The purpose of this review article is to provide assistance to professionals working in the psychiatric system in Hungary in order to gain insight and develop their skills in the care of adults lining with autism spectrum disorder.

In recent decades a global problem in mental health has been the increase in the relative proportion of patients who do not receive care, which is associated with loss of life years and deterioration in quality of life. The practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) can help in the fields of data analysis, diagnosis, therapy planning, among others in psychiatric care, thus reducing the human resource input. Today's artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), also known as weak AI, can recognise patterns and correlations in large data sets with the help of machine learning procedures and to make autonomous decisions while making its own refinements. The use of AI-based systems may be effective in the classification of mental health disorders, in disease prevention, in clinical diagnosis and treatment without human input, and finally, it can play a supporting role in many areas of data analysis (quality care assessment, research). A key area of diagnostics is the estimation of suicidal risk and the assessment of mood status using machine learning, which can be used to make predictions with high accuracy, by analysing written text or speech. By examining correlations within large data sets, advances in precision medicine could also be made, allowing more accurate prediction of medication. Psychotherapeutic programs using artificial intelligence are already available today, which can provide users with easily accessible help, mainly using cognitive therapy tools. In addition to its obvious benefits, the use of artificial intelligence also raises ethical and methodological questions, making its regulation a key issue for the future.