Psychiatria Hungarica最新文献

Dietitians play an important role in the care of patients with eating disorders. However, the precise conditions are not yet defined. This limits the clarity of the role of the dietitian within the dietetic profession as well as in a broader sense among the health care providers. In Hungary, there is no comprehensive guideline on it yet, so the aim of the present paper is to clarify the role, tasks, and competence boundaries of the dietitians. First, we provide guidance for the recognition of eating disorders by overviewing the symptoms, the diagnostic criteria, and the most important aspects of biopsychosocial assessment. Second, we take stock of the tasks of the dietitian, as a member of the therapeutic team in the treatment of eating disorders in outpatient and inpatient settings.

In our society, the perception of psychiatric patients is not favourable, and negative prejudices do not promote the social reintegration of the persons concerned. Many covert and overt stigmatisations and discriminations in the public mood, as in the public discourse and in the functioning of institutions repeatedly affect people with psychiatric illnesses, those involved in psychiatric treatment and psychiatric institutions. In 2009, the Moravcsik Foundation established the Budapest Art Brut Gallery (BAB Gallery) which provides a showcase for art brut and outsider artists, art therapy workshops and contemporary artists. The mission of the gallery is to contribute to a positive change in the social attitudes and prejudices towards people with mental illnesses and marginalised people, and to create equal opportunities in the cultural and artistic life. Another important mission of the gallery is to showcase and promote the works of art created by people with mental illnesses. The basic idea behind the creation of PsychArt® 24 is to bring participants closer together through joint creative work, using the language and expressive means of art, and to get to know each other's perspectives, thoughts and ways of seeing. The creative session which lasts for 24 hours in a shared space and the spontaneous unconditional communication create opportunities and help individuals with mental illnesses to distinguish between themselves and their illnesses with confidence, strengthen their social relationships and increase their self-esteem. Through the community of PsychArt® 24, opportunity, support and security are not only offered to people with a psychiatric illness, but also for the other participants who create with them and can experience the uplifting experience of being together and the removal of their prejudices and fears. The PsychArt® 24 Art Marathon anti-stigma programme helps to reduce prejudice against people with psychosocial disabilities and to create cultural equality through raising awareness.

Background: Digitized databases of scientific publications provide an opportunity to study the development and structure of science as a whole or a discipline. Qualitative methods of bibliometrics help with this, and the multidisciplinary approach, known as the "Science of Science", provides a thinking framework and methods. There is no example for the analysis of the bibliometric characteristics of Hungarian suicidology publications.

Method: In this study, the author analyzes publications related to suicidal behavior published between 1992 and 2021, with the participation of at least one Hungarian author, using statistical, data visualization, and network analysis methods. The analysis used publications in English, Hungarian, and other languages found in the Scopus database.

Results: The present research could identify 426 Hungarian publications in the three decades examined. The number of studies increased 5.8 times between the first and last five-year periods. The growth is not linear; there was a sudden increase in the number of studies around 2004. The doubling time for the number of studies is 9.6 years. The analysis identified five larger and five smaller clusters in the authors' network of relationships, representing well-known domestic suicidal research groups. In suicidology, Lotka's law also applies to the Hungarian sample. That is, few authors write the majority of studies, while the vast majority write only a few publications during their careers. A study's average number of authors increased significantly during the examined period. Multi-author studies received significantly more citations than single-author studies. 74.4% of the announcements are in English, and 21.6% are in Hungarian.

Conclusions: The methods of bibliometric analysis and the "science of science" can help research groups identify new research directions. All of this can ultimately contribute to a better understanding of suicidal behavior, allowing answering social and scientific problems. The focus of future bibliometric research, in addition to foreign databases, could be the analysis of a broader time interval with the help of Hungarian databases (e.g., MATARKA).

From the point of view of the prevention of suicidal behaviour, the recognition of acute suicidal risk is of particular importance, therefore one of the most important goals of recent suicidal research is the more precise detection of the psychological symptoms leading to a suicidal act. Classic risk factors can often be discovered in the background of suicidal thoughts, but they are not suitable for screening out those who will turn their thoughts into action. Since many people have suicidal thoughts, why, how and when suicidal thoughts are followed by a self-destructive act is a particularly important question. In order to answer this question, in my paper I review the symptom-focused models of the pre-suicidal state based on the recent suicidality literature, emphasizing the importance of "ideation to action" models. I summarize the psychological, interpersonal and neurobiological characteristics of the pre-suicidal state, highlighting the factors of the suicide capability. The new models of the pre-suicidal status represent a major step forward in the detection of the characteristics of the suicidal crisis and - in addition to the classic risk factors - in the more accurate assessment of the suicidal risk, in the more effective prediction of suicidal behaviour and thus in providing more effective treatment. Research on the characteristics leading to suicide can enrich our knowledge of the physical, neurobiological, and psychological processes underlying suicidal behaviour with important information. This is of great importance in terms of the screening and adequate treatment of our patients at risk of suicide.

Forty years have passed since the inception of the groundbreaking Gotland Study in 1983. The short- and long-term results of the study caused a turn in suicide prevention since they showed that, in addition to psychiatrists, general practitioners have also an important role in decreasing suicidal mortality of subjects with depression. Further investigators conducted in larger populations and involving the media and other "gatekeepers" than general practitioners had similar conclusions. The current paper summarizes the results of the Gotland Study as well as attempts to dissipate the misundersandings and misconceptions, of the results.

Antimanic and phase-prophylactic features of lithium (Li) in subjects with affective disorders has been known for a long while. Furthermore, it has also been proven for decades that - partially due to its aforementioned effects - Li has marked antisuicide properties in subjects with mood disorders. Intriguingly, consistent findings from several studies conducted in the last 15 years suggest that the antisuicide effect of Li can also be detected in those members of the population who consume drinking water with high Li contents (in connection with this, we must note that the level of Li in tap water is several orders of magnitude less than the therapeutic dose of Li). Based on these results, and also taking into the consideration the long-known anti-goiter effect of iodized table salt, some experts suggest considering the enrichment of tap water with microdose Li. This paper paper briefly summarizes our current knowledge on this topic as well as the related clinical and ethical dilemmas.

Global climate crisis is a phenomenon that not only affects the environment but also has an impact on every person on Earth, including their physical and mental well-being. This paper aims to provide an overview of the indirect mental impacts of the climate crisis by presenting the most discussed eco-emotions. Eco-emotions are affective phenomena related to global climate crisis, such as eco-anxiety, eco-grief, and eco-guilt. The study also summarizes the social groups that are most vulnerable to experiencing the negative mental effects of climate change. Additionally, the paper gives a brief summary of adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms for dealing with eco-emotions, as well as therapeutic considerations that experts should take into account when working with affected individuals.

Creativity encompasses a wide range of topics and practically all aspects of life (arts, schools, workplaces, inventions etc.). The new theme, which is a negative and malevolent type of creativity, has piqued people's interest. And, despite the fact that the number of studies on the issue has expanded in recent years, its relationship with most constructions or predictability has yet to be explored. Aggression (Meshkova, 2018; Hao et al., 2016; Harris & Reiter-Palmon, 2015; Harris, 2013; Lee & Dow, 2011), emotional intelligence (Harris & Reiter-Palmon, 2013), resilience (Wang, Wang & Chen, 2022), humor (Perchtold-Stefan et al., 2020/a), childhood neglect (Jia, Wang & Lin, 2020), and other factors have already been studied in relationship with malevolent creativity. It has also been investigated with adolescents (Wang, Wang, Chen, 2022), adults (Hao et al., 2016, 2020; Baas et al., 2019; Harris & Reiter-Palmon, 2015; Harris, 2013; Lee & Dow, 2011), and was less studied on the prison population (Meshkova et al, 2018, Bochkova, 2020). The most significant goal of this paper is to paint a complete picture of malevolent creativity, from its link to creativity to the concept's freaking out to the study of malevolent creativity's measuring stones. To accomplish so, he looks for material in the most recent professional journals and employs a critical mindset. What's crucial, and what some writers are doing already, is that they use both scientific instruments in their research, thus balancing the measuring instru ments' weaknesses (Perchtold-Stefan, 2021/a,b).

The circumstances of the encounter of the Weöres-Károlyi couple, as well as some dynamic details of their marriage, have been surrounded by considerable literary and public interest during the past decades. This interest however largely focused on the poetic oeuvre of Sándor Weöres and on his struggle with alcohol. However, the impact of this legendary encounter on Amy Károlyi's art has been a subject of few analyses. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding on the impact of this encounter with Sándor Weöres and the life- and creative fellowship with him had on Amy Károlyi's art and life, as well as what creative influences can be identified in the couple's oeuvre. The study identifies the most common beliefs ("legends") regarding the Weöres-Károlyi couple, as well as the most important literary imprints of their marital and creative community and their effects on Károlyi's poetry through an overview of Károlyi's confessional works. Based on the revealed biographical and artistic associations, it can be concluded that despite the fact, that Amy Károlyi's literary work was fulfilled in her marriage, and creative fellowship with Weöres, her figure still appears in literary memory as the support and "savior" of her husband, Weöres.

Recent research indicates that the risk of suicide attempts in autism spectrum disorder is substantially higher than in the general population. Although a number of factors may play a role in suicide, in the present review we focused on the meta-analyses that examined self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts in autism due to the importance of these factors. Results to date suggest that the risk of self-harming behavior and suicide attempts in autism is approximately three-times higher than in the general population. Of concern, are findings that suggest that women with autism are 5-13 times more likely to complete suicide than women without autism. It is noteworthy that the high-functioning autistic group has a significantly higher risk of suicide than the low-functioning group. By contrast, the risk of death from somatic causes is higher in the low-functioning autistic group. The results of this systematic overview of the available meta-analyses may help health care professionals, decision-makers, affected persons and their relatives to recognize self-injurious behavior and suicide risk in time, thereby facilitating prevention.