Psychiatria Hungarica最新文献

Introduction: In 1838, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol published his book Des Maladies Mentales, which has been widely cited ever since in the literature dealing with the problem of suicide. Based on his clinical experience, he summarized the psychiatric knowledge of his time, and up to that time, devoting a special attention and a chapter to suicide. In this study, we shall be analysing this chapter in the Des Maladies Mentales, which sometimes contradicts itself, in the sense of the criterion system of modern suicide research.

Method: We shall be showing the chapters, highlighting the key statements Esquirol did, and showing the modern research of the problems mentioned. Our goal is to demonstrate the parallel nature of the contemporary and the 19th century theories.

Results: This comparison shows how Esquirol's work laid the foundation and initiated the development of suicidology.

Conclusion: In his approach, which often seems inconsistent and not without contradictions, Esquirol pointed out the complex issues of suicide research with maximum sensitivity and scientific thoroughness.

Introduction: The Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ) is a key tool in evaluating orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with healthy eating. However, the evaluation process of EHQ has witnessed considerable variation, with one item notably excluded from the last phase of its development. This study undertakes a thorough re-evaluation of the English version of the EHQ, focusing on its original 35 items, within two diverse populations (fashion models and university students) where English serves predominantly as a second language.

Methods: Through an online survey involving 163 female models and 243 non-models (mean age=26.0 years (SD=4.7) and mean age=25.1 years (SD=5.0), respectively) with various ethnic background (proportion from non-English speaking EU countries: 28.5% and 90.4%, respectively). Participants completed the EHQ along with the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and SCOFF questionnaire.

Results: Using confirmatory factor analysis, we analysed the factorial validity of EHQ subscales, eliminating items that did not align with the factor structure. After eliminating 17 items from the original 35-item questionnaire, the fit of the model for EHQ-18 was acceptable. Cronbach's alpha values indicated acceptable reliability. The EHQ-18 problem sub - scale showed significant positive correlations with all EDI subscales, while all EHQ-18 subscales demonstrated significant positive correlations with the EDI Drive for Thinness subscale. Comparison of the groups based on the SCOFF threshold revealed positive and significant differences across all subscales.

Conclusion: We examined the impact of replacing an item in the EHQ-21 previously during its development process, and found that this potentially influenced the resulting factor structure. We recommend a new version of EHQ, the 18 item EHQ-18, supported by the analysis of the factorial and convergent validity, as well as the reliability. Furthermore, the findings suggest a potential discriminant validity of EHQ-18 in a diverse population, mostly speaking English as a second language.

Background: The development of the self is an important factor in body image disorders. The child expects the parents to satisfy the narcissistic needs (mirroring, idealization, twinship needs). Disturbances in self-development can result in the person experiencing himself through the physical self, and the ability to recognize and express emotions is impaired. The body is given a prominent role, whereby changes to the body are associated with major identity changes and it also becomes a means of emotional expression. The aim of our study is to explore the possible relationship between the deficits in self-development and body image dissatisfaction and the role of alexithymic traits in this.

Methods: The sample consisted of individuals aged 18 years and older with no psychiatric history (n=131). The Self Psychology Questionnaire translated into Hungarian was used to assess self-development and narcissistic needs, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale to assess alexithymia, and the Body Attitudes Test for women and the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale for men to assess body image dissatisfaction. Data analysis was performed using correlations, linear regression analysis and mediation analysis.

Results: Regarding the whole sample the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and alexithymia was confirmed (B=0.41, p<0.001). Regarding the subsample of women, the narcissistic needs had an indirect effect on body image, which contributes to body image dissatisfaction through the mediating effect of alexithymia (B=0.51, p<0.001). Regarding the subsample of men, the dissatisfaction of the need for idealization predicted body image dissatisfaction (B=0.77, p=0.017). In their case, the mediating effect of alexithymia was not detected.

Conclusions: While for men the dissatisfaction of the need for idealization necessary for adequate self-development is itself a factor in body image dissatisfaction, for women inadequate self-development is associated with inadequate emotional development, which is associated with body dissatisfaction.

Smoking prevalence is particularly high among individuals with psychiatric disorders, and the low success rate of permanent cessation further exacerbates the situation. However, smoking represents a modifiable risk factor, and addressing it can significantly improve patients' health, quality of life, and life expectancy. This review article explores the most common fears and misconceptions - both from patients and healthcare professionals - that may hinder successful cessation. We examine psychological and pharmacological treatments that support cessation, emphasizing options preferred for psychiatric patients. Special attention is given to the use of nicotine replacement therapies, bupropion, and varenicline, as well as their interactions with psychotropic medications. We also discuss recommended strategies for smoking cessation, the latest guidelines regarding pharmacological interventions, and the direct cessation-supporting effects of psychopharmacological agents. In conclusion, targeted support strategies combined with appropriate pharmacological treatment can significantly increase cessation rates, thereby improving the long-term health outcomes and quality of life for psychiatric patients.

Franco Basaglia's work is the cornerstone of the radical psychiatric movement in Italy. This culminated in the "Basaglia Law" of 1978, which aimed to abolish closed psychiatric institutions. In addition to becoming a symbolic place of movement, Trieste is still trying to preserve and put into practice the Basaglian tradition. The organization called Polisportiva Fuoric'entro implements the integration of marginalized people and groups through various sports activities. Based on the example of this foreign "good practice", the initiative in Pécs aimed at organizing and developing a football team of psychiatric patients.

In late April 2024, we visited the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) with our psychiatry residency class in Klecany, near Prague, the Czech Republic. There is no similar institution in Hungary, so it was worthwhile to learn not only about the research being conducted there, but also how the successful integration of preclinical and clinical research, patient care, and education is achieved in a psychiatric institute. In this article, we briefly describe the history and professional profile of the institute, its capacities, and the work of the research groups and departments that were presented to us during our visit: the Ward of Sleep Disorders, the Psychedelic Research Centre and the Center for Virtual Reality Research. It was instructive to see that in a Central European country of similar size and history to our own, an institution has been created that can provide highly progressive care, with appropriate modern diagnostic facilities (EEG, MRI), allowing detailed differential diagnosis and high quality clinical and translational research.

Introduction: Suicide is a severe public health problem. Impacts of childhood traumas, unsecure adult attachment styles and personality traits have been suggested as possible risk factors for suicide attempts. The aim of this cross-sectional, case-controlled study is to investigate the impact of childhood traumas, adult attachment styles and personality traits on suicide attempt.

Methods: The sample consisted of psychiatric patients who attempted suicide (n=101) on the one hand and those who did not attempt suicide (n=114) on the other. The questionnaires used were the Hungarian validated versions of Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and a demographic questionnaire.

Results: Results indicated that Novelty Seeking (NS) temperament trait [EH=1.043; 95% C.I.=(0.950-1.145)] p=0.376; emotional abuse [EH=1.034; 95% C.I.=(0.966-1.107)] p=0.336; emotional neglect [EH=1.022; 95% C.I.=(0.936-1.116)] p=0.626; and sexual abuse [EH=1.047; 95% C.I.=(0.959-1.142)] p=0.305 were associated with nonsignificant increases in the odds of suicide attempts. Whereas secure attachment style [EH=0.908; 95% C.I.=(0.842-0.980)] p=0.013 appeared to be a significantly protective factor (c2(1)=6.515 p=0.011). Furthermore, when examining the connection between childhood traumas and adult attachment styles it was found that the anxious attachment style had a positive significant correlation with emotional abuse (rs(197)=0.293) p<0.001, avoidant attachment style with emotional neglect (rs(197)= 0.273) p<0.001.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individuals with avoidant attachment style and childhood traumas are likely to present a higher suicide risk. However secure attachment style likely to present a lower risk for suicide.

The prevalence of mental health problems is on the rise worldwide, and there appears to be a significant increase in young university students as well - a British study found a fivefold increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents over a 10-year period. In the world of medical universities, full of stressful challenges and a competitive atmosphere, the above factors put even more pressure on students. The less favorable mental state of medical students compared to students of other universities is well known and cannot be considered as specific to Hungary. There are several national and international studies that emphasize the multicausal origin of this phenomenon. In order to support the mental and physical well-being of students, to reduce dropout rates and to prevent various psychiatric disorders, the development of well-being services is advocated worldwide. In our paper, we present the curricular and extracurricular mental health promotion opportunities available to students at Semmelweis University, with a special focus on the Student Counselling Service.

Who was actually the director of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry at Balassa Street, for a long time also referred to as the Moravcsik Clinic? A polymath, a genius, or rather a knight of fortune who wanted to draw attention to himself by building a clinic for himself? We looked into this on the occasion of his death anniversary. How did he get from the head of the department to the founding of the Psychiatry and Neurology Clinic? He dreamed up every corner of the Department, which was the most impressive and patient-friendly clinic of its time even in European terms. The building was not only used for the recovery of patients, but also for the continuous medical training of doctors. His books and publications stand out from his work. Analyzing his school-creating activities, we can see that his students became famous psychiatrists. From the descriptions left by his contemporaries, it is clear that he was characterized by goodness and love. He could rejoice at the recovery of one of his patients as if he himself had been the lucky one. His correspondence with his most unique colleague, József Brenner, i.e. the writer Géza Csáth, can be found in the archives. The Moravcsik Foundation, a non-profit organization for psychiatric care, preserves his name to this day and nurtures his intellectual heritage.

In this article, we discuss the use of bibliotherapy for depression in pediatric cancer patients, to attract attention to the importance of this method, overlooked by most health professionals. Cancer in children and adolescents is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. There is a subgroup of children with cancer at increased risk for anxiety and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychosocial providers offer a wide range of psychotherapeutic interventions to pediatric cancer patients and their families. Bibliotherapy (also referred to as book therapy or reading therapy), a form of psychotherapy, involves using any text to improve physical, social, mental, and spiritual health, through reading, discussing, and facilitating a better understanding. Studies have shown that bibliotherapy is effective in reducing symptoms of depression in children, adolescents and adults. Bibliotherapy is also effective in decreasing symptoms of depression in adult patients with cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been reported about use of bibliotherapy for depression in pediatric cancer patients. Therefore, we strongly recommend that randomized controlled studies should be conducted on the use of bibliotherapy for depression in children and adolescents with cancer.