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Applications of graphene in organic anticorrosive coatings 石墨烯在有机防腐涂层中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20240989
Waikong Xiao
The problem of corrosion of materials has lasted for a long time, corrosion causes damage to the structure of buildings and bringing loss of economy. The coating method, which is an easy and economical way to solve the problem, is still unable to satisfy the needs limited by the paints properties. However, this can be solved by introducing graphene, by its special 2-D material properties, to the paint. And a lot of researchers are working on this now. This paper mainly focuses on the overview of how graphene be applied to anti-corrosive coatings, the problems that are faced, what are solutions for those, and what are the advantages that graphene has in the area. Resulting that graphene is mainly used with organic anti-corrosion materials, by filling the holes in those materials to stop the corrosion molecules from infiltrating through. Graphene can also be used as containers, carrying corrosion inhibitors that would be released and fill the crack when the coating is damaged. By modifying graphene, problems like agglomeration and accelerating corrosion can be solved. The result will be used for researchers who are looking for a conclusion in the graphene anti-corrosive coatings research area and provide the main focuses and details.
材料锈蚀问题由来已久,锈蚀会对建筑物结构造成破坏,带来经济损失。涂料法是一种既简单又经济的解决问题的方法,但受涂料性能的限制,仍无法满足人们的需求。然而,将具有特殊二维材料特性的石墨烯引入涂料中,就可以解决这个问题。目前,很多研究人员都在从事这方面的工作。本文主要概述了如何将石墨烯应用于防腐涂料、面临的问题、解决方案以及石墨烯在该领域的优势。结果是,石墨烯主要用于有机防腐材料,通过填充这些材料的孔洞来阻止腐蚀分子渗入。石墨烯还可以用作容器,携带缓蚀剂,当涂层受损时,缓蚀剂就会释放出来,填补裂缝。通过对石墨烯进行改性,可以解决结块和加速腐蚀等问题。该成果将为在石墨烯防腐蚀涂层研究领域寻找结论的研究人员提供主要重点和细节。
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引用次数: 0
Crystallography applications: A comprehensive review 晶体学应用:全面回顾
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20241017
Xiangdong Gui
Crystallography is an essential scientific technique profoundly influencing our understanding of atomic and molecular structures in materials, providing insights into the arrangement and interactions of atoms. This review highlights crystallographys extensive applications across chemistry, biology, physics, and materials science, emphasizing its critical role and adaptability. The paper traces crystallographys historical development, outlines its fundamental principles, and celebrates its significant milestones and contributions to science. By revealing the complex structures and functions of compounds, from simple molecules to complex macromolecules, crystallography has catalyzed advancements in drug development, material innovation, and fundamental scientific understanding. The paper asserts crystallographys continued prominence in scientific research, with its application and influence steadily growing. Its pivotal in enhancing our understanding of matter, driving technological and material advancements, and offering solutions to complex scientific questions. Moreover, the review addresses the current challenges and future directions of crystallography, pointing out potential areas for innovation and improvement. As technology advances, crystallographys significance in various scientific disciplines remains indispensable, solidifying its position as a cornerstone of scientific inquiry and discovery. The paper concludes by reinforcing the techniques vital role in pushing the boundaries of science and technology.
晶体学是一项重要的科学技术,它深刻地影响着我们对材料中原子和分子结构的理解,为我们提供了对原子排列和相互作用的洞察力。这篇综述重点介绍了晶体学在化学、生物学、物理学和材料科学领域的广泛应用,强调了晶体学的关键作用和适应性。文章追溯了晶体学的历史发展,概述了晶体学的基本原理,并颂扬了晶体学的重要里程碑和对科学的贡献。晶体学揭示了从简单分子到复杂大分子等化合物的复杂结构和功能,推动了药物开发、材料创新和基础科学认识的进步。论文认为,晶体学在科学研究中的地位依然突出,其应用和影响力也在稳步增长。晶体学在增强我们对物质的理解、推动技术和材料进步以及为复杂的科学问题提供解决方案方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。此外,综述还探讨了晶体学当前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向,指出了创新和改进的潜在领域。随着技术的进步,晶体学在各个科学学科中的意义仍然不可或缺,巩固了其作为科学探索和发现基石的地位。文章最后强调了晶体学在推动科技进步中的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
The application of renewable materials in green chemistry 可再生材料在绿色化学中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20241004
Yuliang Guo
Natural substances that are capable of being replaced or renewed over the course of a human lifetime or over a relatively short amount of time through natural processes are referred to as material that is renewable. Due to the fact that these materials are both sustainable and favorable to the environment, they are frequently used in a variety of industries, including the building industry, the textile industry, the energy industry, and the packaging industry. Given the circumstances, it is quite probable that this will have a profound effect on the future of humanity. Renewable materials commonly encompass biomass, bio-based polymers, natural fibers, wood, and lumber. The main focus of the study is to explore the utilization of renewable materials in green chemistry, namely biomass-sourced renewable materials, as well as other renewable materials such as food waste, recyclable plastics, and paper. This paper provides an in-depth review of the advantages and challenges related to renewable materials in the realm of green chemistry.
能够在人的一生中或在较短时间内通过自然过程被替换或更新的天然物质被称为可再生材料。由于这些材料既可持续又有利于环境,因此经常被用于各种行业,包括建筑业、纺织业、能源业和包装业。在这种情况下,这很可能会对人类的未来产生深远的影响。可再生材料通常包括生物质、生物基聚合物、天然纤维、木材和板材。本研究的重点是探讨绿色化学中可再生材料的利用,即生物质来源的可再生材料,以及其他可再生材料,如食物废料、可回收塑料和纸张。本文深入评述了可再生材料在绿色化学领域的优势和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Medium office energy consumption optimization using EnergyPlus 利用 EnergyPlus 优化中型办公室能耗
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20240992
Shu Liu
This research paper studies the impacts of HVAC system scheduling and building envelope material properties on the building energy efficiency in the downtown New York City, metropolitan area, that is highly associated with Urban Heat Island. By utilizing EnergyPlus for whole energy building simulation, the research compares two HVAC operational cases: a baseline case with constant temperature setpoints, and an occupancy-based temperature setpoint schedule. The study also investigated the influence of thermal conductivity variations in stucco exterior wall materials, with three cases, the default baseline thermal conductivity and a 15% variance, respectively. Results indicate that occupancy-driven scheduling significantly reduces energy consumption by approximately 16% annually compared to baseline. Conversely, the influence of thermal conductivity on energy consumption is minimal, with only a 0.35% deviation noted in response to a 15% variation in thermal conductivity. This suggests that both optimizing HVAC scheduling and the thermal conductivity of building envelope materials can save building energy consumption while optimizing HVAC scheduling has a relatively stronger impact than optimizing the thermal conductivity with a 15% variance in downtown New York City.
本研究论文研究了暖通空调系统调度和建筑围护结构材料特性对与城市热岛高度相关的纽约市中心城区建筑能效的影响。通过利用 EnergyPlus 进行建筑物整体能耗模拟,该研究比较了两种暖通空调运行情况:温度设定点恒定的基线情况和基于占用率的温度设定点计划。研究还调查了灰泥外墙材料导热系数变化的影响,分别有三种情况,即默认基线导热系数和 15%的差异。结果表明,与基线相比,占用率驱动的调度每年可大幅降低能耗约 16%。相反,导热系数对能耗的影响很小,导热系数变化 15%,能耗偏差仅为 0.35%。这表明,在纽约市中心,优化暖通空调调度和建筑围护结构材料的导热系数都可以节省建筑能耗,而优化暖通空调调度比优化导热系数(15% 偏差)的影响相对更大。
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引用次数: 0
The application of renewable energy in transportation systems in China 可再生能源在中国交通系统中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20240990
Kaisen Chen
The energy consumption level in transportation is projected to continue its current upward trend until the year 2040. Motor gasoline and diesel are the most consumed energy sources in common transportation, followed by jet fuel and natural gas. Regrettably, biofuel and electric energy, which are renewable energy sources, had only a little contribution to overall energy consumption in transportation. This indicates that the use of renewable energy sources in transportation is still in its early stages. The rapid advancement of energy innovation is causing alarm among the general people. In 2020, greenhouse gas emissions from transportation reached a record high. In order to predict the future trajectory of renewable energy, it is crucial to closely monitor the utilization of nonrenewable energy sources in transportation, which is currently at a high level. This study examines the existing energy sources in China and utilizes reliable research papers and data to demonstrate the practicality of several energy advancements in current transportation systems. The study will employ a literature review method to examine the advancements in energy innovation within the domains of internal combustion engines and electric motors in automobiles, waterborne transportation, and aircraft.
预计到 2040 年,交通领域的能源消耗水平将继续保持目前的上升趋势。汽油和柴油是普通交通工具消耗最多的能源,其次是喷气燃料和天然气。令人遗憾的是,作为可再生能源的生物燃料和电能在整个交通能源消耗中所占比例很小。这表明,可再生能源在交通领域的应用仍处于初级阶段。能源创新的突飞猛进正在引起人们的警觉。2020 年,交通产生的温室气体排放量创历史新高。为了预测可再生能源的未来发展轨迹,密切关注目前处于较高水平的不可再生能源在交通领域的利用情况至关重要。本研究考察了中国现有的能源资源,并利用可靠的研究论文和数据来论证当前交通系统中几种能源进步的实用性。本研究将采用文献综述的方法,考察内燃机和电动马达在汽车、水运和飞机领域的能源创新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Recent development in high temperature superconductor: Principle, materials, and applications 高温超导体的最新发展:原理、材料和应用
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20241015
Heqi Wu
Superconducting materials, discovered in the early twentieth century, have fascinated scientists with their unique attributes. This review provides a thorough exploration of superconductivity, tailored for newcomers, aiming to be a foundational resource for future research. It traces the evolution of different superconductors, including traditional, cuprate, and non-copper oxide types, detailing their specific characteristics. Central to the review is the examination of theoretical foundations, particularly the BCS theory, and the diverse applications of superconductors in high-performance magnets, energy transmission, and quantum computing. However, the practical deployment of superconductors is limited by challenges, notably their operation at extremely low temperatures, hindering widespread use. Furthermore, economic and technical difficulties in production and maintenance persist. To advance superconductors' potential, research must focus on enhancing critical temperatures and current density and developing cost-effective manufacturing techniques. This will enable novel applications in energy, transportation, and healthcare, driving technological progress.
超导材料发现于二十世纪初,其独特的特性令科学家们着迷。这本综述深入探讨了超导问题,为新手量身定做,旨在成为未来研究的基础资料。它追溯了不同超导体的演变过程,包括传统超导体、铜氧化物超导体和非铜氧化物超导体,详细介绍了它们的具体特性。综述的核心内容是对理论基础(尤其是 BCS 理论)的研究,以及超导体在高性能磁体、能量传输和量子计算方面的各种应用。然而,超导体的实际应用受到各种挑战的限制,尤其是在极低温度下的运行,阻碍了其广泛应用。此外,生产和维护方面的经济和技术困难依然存在。为了提升超导体的潜力,研究工作必须侧重于提高临界温度和电流密度,以及开发具有成本效益的制造技术。这将在能源、交通和医疗保健领域实现新的应用,推动技术进步。
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引用次数: 0
Altered biotoxicity of cadmium to freshwater green algae by different concentrations of polystyrene 不同浓度的聚苯乙烯改变了镉对淡水绿藻的生物毒性
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20240998
Mu Chen Han
Microplastic pollution has become a global problem, threatening water bodies and aquatic organisms around the world. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment is an environmental issue of long-term concern, and relatively few studies have been conducted on the compound toxic pollution of freshwater algae by microplastics and heavy metals. Therefore, in this study, Cd and polystyrene (PS) were selected as representative heavy metals and microplastics in the environment, and the toxic effects of the two pollutants on freshwater algae were investigated by determining the biomass of algal growth, chlorophyll a content, and the bioconcentration of heavy metals. It was found that the two pollutants alone could inhibit the growth and photosynthesis of the algae, and the toxicity increased with the increase of concentration. When the two pollutants were combined, the toxicity of Cd depended on the concentration of PS, and both low (1 mg/L) and high (100 mg/L) concentrations of PS increased the toxicity of Cd in a synergistic manner, whereas the medium concentration (10 mg/L) of PS showed an antagonistic effect, which was able to inhibit the toxicity of Cd.
微塑料污染已成为一个全球性问题,威胁着世界各地的水体和水生生物。水生环境中的重金属污染是一个长期关注的环境问题,而关于微塑料和重金属对淡水藻类的复合毒性污染的研究相对较少。因此,本研究选取环境中具有代表性的重金属镉和微塑料聚苯乙烯(PS),通过测定淡水藻类的生长生物量、叶绿素 a 含量和重金属的生物富集度,研究这两种污染物对淡水藻类的毒性影响。结果发现,单独使用这两种污染物会抑制藻类的生长和光合作用,且毒性随着浓度的增加而增加。当两种污染物混合使用时,镉的毒性取决于 PS 的浓度,低浓度(1 毫克/升)和高浓度(100 毫克/升)的 PS 会以协同方式增加镉的毒性,而中等浓度(10 毫克/升)的 PS 则表现出拮抗作用,能够抑制镉的毒性。
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引用次数: 0
A review of catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳催化还原综述
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20241001
Jiajie Shen
Carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the consumption of fossil fuels is one of the main factors contributing to the greenhouse effect. How to mitigate the greenhouse effect and reduce the extraction and consumption of fossil fuels has become an issue worthy of study. In recent years, a technology for the catalytic reduction of CO2 to fossil fuels and chemicals has attracted a great deal of attention by providing a new way to solve this problem. This paper reviews the basic principles of three fundamental catalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis, and two advanced catalytic modes, thermocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, derived from these three modes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the challenges that the catalytic reduction of CO2 is currently facing are also discussed. Although this technology has made significant progress over the decades, it is still in its preliminary stage with some shortcomings and there is a long way to go before it can be applied in reality.
消耗化石燃料产生的二氧化碳(CO2)是造成温室效应的主要因素之一。如何缓解温室效应,减少化石燃料的开采和消耗,已成为一个值得研究的问题。近年来,一种将二氧化碳催化还原为化石燃料和化学品的技术为解决这一问题提供了新途径,引起了广泛关注。本文综述了光催化、电催化和热催化三种基本催化还原二氧化碳的基本原理,以及由这三种模式衍生出的热催化和光电催化两种先进催化模式及其优缺点。此外,还讨论了催化还原二氧化碳目前面临的挑战。虽然这项技术在过去几十年中取得了重大进展,但仍处于初级阶段,存在一些不足之处,距离实际应用还有很长的路要走。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent monitoring of surface evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin based on SEBS modelling 基于 SEBS 模型的黑河流域地表蒸散量智能监测
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20240996
Zijie Pang, Kehao Su
[Objective] The Heihe River Basin, located in northwestern China, is the second largest inland basin in China, and its water resources play a crucial role in the ecology, agriculture and human life of the region. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of surface evapotranspiration in the Heihe River Basin and the potential impacts of these variations on water resource management. [Methods] To achieve this goal, we applied the PM-based dual-source model, a meteorological model for estimating global surface ET, which takes into account a variety of factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and downward solar shortwave radiation. By analysing the meteorological data and remote sensing data of the Black River Basin, we first investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of surface evapotranspiration. [Conclusion] The results show that surface evapotranspiration shows obvious seasonal and regional variations and is significantly affected by meteorological conditions. The inversion of surface ET in the Heihe River Basin by this dual-source model needs to be improved, and the trend of ET values calculated by the model is relatively small compared with the actual values.
[目的] 位于中国西北部的黑河流域是中国第二大内陆流域,其水资源对该地区的生态、农业和人类生活起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨黑河流域地表蒸散量的时空变化及其对水资源管理的潜在影响。[方法] 为了实现这一目标,我们应用了基于 PM 的双源模型,这是一种用于估算全球地表蒸散发的气象模型,考虑了温度、湿度、风速和向下的太阳短波辐射等多种因素。通过分析黑河流域的气象数据和遥感数据,我们首先研究了地表蒸散发的时空分布。[结论]研究结果表明,地表蒸散发具有明显的季节性和区域性变化,受气象条件影响较大。该双源模型对黑河流域地表蒸散发的反演能力有待提高,模型计算的蒸散发值与实际值相比变化趋势较小。
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引用次数: 0
Jilin city central wastewater treatment plant renovation design scheme 吉林市中心污水处理厂改造设计方案
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.54254/2755-2721/63/20240624
Jihao Guo
Jilin City is one of the top ten famous Chinese cities worth introducing to the world. To further improve the construction of urban infrastructure and meet the needs of the economic and social development of Jilin City, the Jilin City Government Joint Development and Reform Commission and the Ecological Environment Bureau decided to expand and renovate the former Jilin City wastewater treatment plant. This study designs a wastewater treatment plant by comprehensively considering the policy needs and the local basic background characteristics of Jilin to solve the wastewater overflow problem. The design modified the anaerobic tank and Carroussel oxidation ditch processes, which have more advantages than traditional treatment processes, mainly including better BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, less power consumption, and lower operating costs. This treatment plant design contains two special characteristics: the design considers the overall plan and pipeline layout of the wastewater treatment plant, and the size data of each module are calculated through theoretical study conforming to the real case.
吉林市是值得向世界介绍的中国十大名城之一。为进一步完善城市基础设施建设,满足吉林市经济社会发展的需要,吉林市政府联合发改委、生态环境局决定对原吉林市污水处理厂进行扩建改造。本研究综合考虑政策需求和吉林当地的基本背景特点,设计了一座污水处理厂,以解决污水溢流问题。该设计改良了厌氧池和卡鲁塞尔氧化沟工艺,与传统处理工艺相比具有更多优势,主要包括更好的生化需氧量、氮和磷去除效率,更少的电力消耗和更低的运行成本。该污水处理厂设计有两个特点:设计考虑了污水处理厂的总体规划和管道布局,各模块的尺寸数据是通过理论研究计算得出的,符合实际情况。
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引用次数: 0
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Applied and Computational Engineering
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