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Lingua Posnaniensis最新文献

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Semito-Hamitic or Afro-Asiatic consonantism and lexicon: Episodes of a comparative research II: The “old school” of Egypto-Semitic (Part 2: Post-war phase) 闪米特-哈米特或非洲-亚洲辅音和词汇:比较研究集锦 II:埃及-闪米特 "老派"(第 2 部分:战后阶段)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.1.5
G. Takács
My retrospective survey on the past and present trends in the comparative research of Semito-Hamitic / Hamito-Semitic (SH / HS, resp.) or Afro-Asiatic (AA) phonology (first of all consonantism), root structure and lexicon has been segmented into eleven episodes according to diverse (often overlapping in time) trends. This series of studies is now under way and will be presented part by part in a series of papers. The present paper surveys the post-war history (second half of the 20th century) of a rather introverted and fossilized special branch of comparative studies that has been arbitrarily focusing on a forced comparison of just Semitic and Egyptian, which was split off for more than a whole century by now from mainstream Semito-Hamitic studies at the end of the 19th century.
我对过去和现在闪米特/哈米特(SH/HS,respect. )或非洲-亚洲(AA)语音(首先是辅音)、词根结构和词汇的比较研究趋势进行了回顾性调查,根据不同的(往往在时间上重叠的)趋势分为十一个部分。这一系列研究目前正在进行中,并将在一系列论文中逐一介绍。本论文回顾了比较研究中一个相当内向和僵化的特殊分支的战后历史(20 世纪下半叶),该分支一直武断地专注于闪米特语和埃及语的强行比较,19 世纪末从主流闪米特-哈米特研究中分离出来至今已超过整整一个世纪。
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引用次数: 0
A contrastive analysis of aspect in English and Moroccan Arabic 英语和摩洛哥阿拉伯语方面的对比分析
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.1.2
Abdelhakim Boubekri, Ahmed Ech-Charfi
This study endeavors to undertake a comparative analysis of aspect in English and Moroccan Arabic, hereafter referred to as MA, adopting a cognitive linguistic approach, with special attention to the categorization of different situation types as proposed by Radden and Dirven (2007). It also aims to highlight the aspect areas that may challenge Moroccan EFL learners when acquiring this English grammatical construction. The study reveals that aspect is treated differently in English and MA. English aspect hinges on the viewing frame adopted. Therefore, the shift from one viewing frame to another results in the change from one situation type to another. By contrast, in MA, the perfective use calls for the adoption of a maximal viewing frame. However, the imperfective use calls for two interpretations: the event can be seen with either a maximal or a restricted viewing frame. In the absence of elements that co-determine the aspect in MA, general context is the only indication of the appropriate interpretation. The differences in the aspectual systems of English and MA may lead to difficulties in language acquisition. MA learners attempting to learn English, and vice versa, may face challenges in learning both the grammatical structure and its associated meanings.
本研究采用认知语言学方法,特别关注 Radden 和 Dirven(2007 年)提出的不同情况类型的分类,努力对英语和摩洛哥阿拉伯语(以下简称摩洛哥阿语)中的方面进行比较分析。本研究还旨在强调摩洛哥 EFL 学习者在学习这一英语语法结构时可能面临挑战的方面。研究表明,英语和摩洛哥语对方面的处理是不同的。英语的方面取决于所采用的观察框架。因此,从一种视角到另一种视角的转换会导致从一种情境类型到另一种情境类型的转换。与此相反,在马来语中,完成时的使用要求采用最大的观察框架。然而,非完形填空要求两种解释:可以用最大的或受限的观察框架来看待事件。在缺乏共同决定 MA 方面的要素的情况下,一般语境是适当解释的唯一指示。英语和 MA 方面系统的差异可能会导致语言学习中的困难。试图学习英语的 MA 学习者,反之亦然,在学习语法结构及其相关意义时可能会面临挑战。
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引用次数: 0
An Optimality-Theoretic analysis of stress in the Bani Sulaim dialect 巴尼苏莱姆方言重音的最优化理论分析
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.1.1
Majed Al Solami
This study presents an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of stress assignment in a Bedouin Hijazi Arabic dialect. The proposed analysis includes several constraints, among which are NONFIN, which disallows stress word-finally, FBIN, which requires words to be minimally bimoraic, IAMBIC, which requires feet to be right headed, and WSP, which stipulates that heavy syllables are stressed. Importantly, the ranking relations between these constraints solve certain issues found in previous rule-based accounts of the dialect, namely accounting for trochaic stress in disyllabic words and stress in words with final heavy syllables. Trochaic stress in previous studies was seen to result from the interaction between extrametricality and foot binarity requirements, where final syllable extrametricality is revoked only in disyllabic words in favor of satisfying foot bimoraic weight. Words with final stress, on the other hand, were not accounted for in previous studies. The current study shows that Optimality Theory adequately accounts for trochaic stress and words with a final heavy syllable.
本研究对贝都因希贾兹阿拉伯语方言中的重音分配进行了优化理论分析。所提出的分析包括几个约束条件,其中包括不允许词尾重音的 NONFIN、要求单词为最小双音的 FBIN、要求脚为右首的 IAMBIC 和规定重读音节为重音的 WSP。重要的是,这些限制条件之间的排序关系解决了以前基于规则的方言研究中发现的某些问题,即双音节词中的三音节重音和重音节词尾的重音。在以前的研究中,三音节重音被认为是韵外音和韵脚双音要求相互作用的结果,其中只有在双音节词中才会取消韵外音,以满足韵脚双音重音的要求。另一方面,以前的研究并没有考虑到带有终重音的词。目前的研究表明,最优化理论充分考虑了三音节重音和有尾重音音节的词。
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引用次数: 0
Mubi-Toram lexicon and Afro-Asiatic II: Addenda with *b- 穆比-托拉姆语词典和非洲-亚洲语 II:带 *b- 的增编
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.1.4
G. Takács
The paper is part of a planned longer series designed to step by step reveal the Chadic and wider Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexical stock of the Mubi-Toram languages which represent the easternmost (26th or 27th)[1] group of the vaste Chadic (i.e., 6th) branch of the gigantic Afro-Asiatic family.                   [1] Depending on the disputed classification of Mokilko (Mokulu) as either part of the Dangla-Migama group or a separate group itself.
本文是计划中的长篇系列文章的一部分,旨在逐步揭示穆比-托拉姆语词库中的乍得语和更广泛的非洲-亚洲语遗产,穆比-托拉姆语是巨大的非洲-亚洲语系中乍得语(即第 6 支)最东端(第 26 或 27 支)[1] 的一支。 [1]根据有争议的莫基尔科语(Mokilko)分类法,莫基尔科语(Mokulu)既可以被归为当拉-米伽马语族的一部分,也可以单独成为一个语族。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal adverbial clauses: A cross-linguistic perspective 时间状语从句:跨语言视角
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.2
Jesús Olguín Martínez
The study explores the form and function of ‘when’, ‘while’, ‘after’, ‘before’, and ‘until’ clauses in a variety sample of 218 languages. First, it is demonstrated that temporal adverbial clauses tend to be encoded with conjunctions and converbs in the database. A chi-squared goodness-of-fit test shows that ‘after’, ‘before’, and ‘until’ meanings are strongly and similarly associated with monofunctional clause-linking devices cross-linguistically. ‘While’ meanings are ambivalent, and ‘when’ meanings are strongly encoded with polyfunctional clause-linking devices. Second, the paper also explores the polyfunctionality patterns of temporal adverbial clause-linking devices. While the semantic polyfunctionality patterns attested in the present research align, for the most part, with those documented by other typological studies, there are a number of patterns that have been neglected in the typological literature, such as the polyfunctionality pattern between ‘while’ and ‘without’, between ‘after’ and ‘lest’, and between ‘before’ and ‘lest’, among others.
本研究探讨了 218 种语言样本中 "when"、"while"、"after"、"before "和 "until "从句的形式和功能。首先,研究表明,在数据库中,时间状语从句倾向于与连词和转折词一起编码。齐次方拟合优度检验结果表明,"之后"、"之前 "和 "直到 "的意义在跨语言中与单功能分句连接手段有着密切而相似的联系。而'While'的含义则是矛盾的,'when'的含义则与多功能分句连接手段有很强的编码关联。其次,本文还探讨了时间副词分句连接手段的多义性模式。虽然本研究证实的语义多义性模式与其他类型学研究中记载的语义多义性模式大多一致,但也有一些模式在类型学文献中被忽视了,如 "while "和 "without "之间、"after "和 "lest "之间、"before "和 "lest "之间等的多义性模式。
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引用次数: 0
Common Kyushu-Ryukyuan substratum in maritime vocabulary: A preliminary analysis 海洋词汇中常见的九州-龙源底层:初步分析
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.1
Aleksandra Jarosz, Georg Orlandi
This paper constitutes a preliminary linguistic test of the hypothesis which postulates that shared Kyushu-Ryukyuan lexicon related to maritime knowledge provides evidence for a Kyushu-Ryukyuan subgrouping within the Japonic cladogram. The paper introduces Kyushu-Ryukyuan cognates and potential shared lexical innovations in seafaring vocabulary, cardinal directions and navigation, and marine fauna, all of which suggest a shared Kyushu-Ryukyuan navigation culture, as well as common maritime subsistence and lifestyle patterns. The case is reinforced by several promising cases of common morphological features between Kyushu and Ryukyuan. The overall conclusion is that the compared linguistic data does support the Kyushu-Ryukyuan clade. Finally, we identify a mismatch between lexical and morphological evidence concerning lower-unit classification of the South Japonic node. We observe that while shared innovative vocabulary allows to postulate Proto-Satsugū-Ryukyuan within Kyushu-Ryukyuan as the most direct mainland ancestor of Ryukyuan languages – the predecessor pre-Proto-Ryukyuan language that was still spoken in Kyushu in the first millennium AD – shared grammatical features do not suggest any particular subdivision of Kyushu-Ryukyuan.
本文是对这一假说的初步语言学检验,该假说认为与海洋知识相关的九州-龙源共享词汇为日本支系图中的九州-龙源亚群提供了证据。论文介绍了九州-龙源同源词以及在航海词汇、方位和导航以及海洋动物群方面潜在的共同词汇创新,所有这些都表明九州-龙源有共同的航海文化,以及共同的海洋生存和生活方式。九州和琉球语言形态特征的一些共同点也进一步证实了这一点。总的结论是,所比较的语言学数据确实支持九州-琉球支系。最后,我们发现在南日本节点的低级单位分类方面,词汇和形态学证据之间存在不匹配。我们注意到,虽然共同的创新词汇使我们可以将九州-龙源语系中的 "原松谷龙源语 "假定为琉球语系最直接的大陆祖先--公元一千年时仍在九州使用的 "原龙源语 "前身--但共同的语法特征并不表明九州-龙源语系有任何特定的分支。
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引用次数: 0
Mubi-Toram lexicon and Afro-Asiatic IV: Addenda with *b- (Part 2) 穆比-托拉姆语词典和非洲-亚洲语 IV:带 *b- 的增编(第 2 部分)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.5
G. Takács
The paper is another part of a planned longer series designed to step by step reveal the Chadic and wider Afro-Asiatic cognate heritage in the lexical stock of the Mubi-Toram languages which represent the easternmost (26th) group of the vaste Chadic (i.e., 6th) branch of the gigantic Afro-Asiatic family.
这篇论文是计划中的长篇系列论文的另一部分,旨在逐步揭示穆比-托拉姆语词库中的乍得语和更广泛的非洲-亚洲同源语遗产,穆比-托拉姆语是巨大的非洲-亚洲语系中乍得语(即第 6 支)的最东端(第 26 组)。
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引用次数: 0
The vowel /a/ as the main portal to humanity’s language and culture faculties 元音 /a/ 是人类语言和文化能力的主要入口
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.3
Stanisław Puppel
The vowel /a/ is regarded here as the initial sound, based on earlier vowel-like vocalization in humans, especially the neonate cry. This particular type of vocalization marks the true beginning of human language in the ontological perspective. Its presence is absolutely fundamental for the generation and maintenance of oxygen-based language and culture complex. All of human life is conducted in the human auditive world of organization based on the air (the aerial condition).
根据人类早期的元音发声,尤其是新生儿的啼哭声,元音 /a/ 在此被视为初始音。从本体论的角度来看,这种特殊的发声方式标志着人类语言的真正开始。它的存在对于以氧气为基础的语言和文化复合体的产生和维持具有绝对的基础意义。人类的所有生活都是在基于空气(空中条件)的人类听觉组织世界中进行的。
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引用次数: 0
A new consonant-vowel architecture: Japanese borrowings from European languages from the viewpoint of Complexity Scales and Licensing 新的辅音-元音结构:从复杂性量表和许可的角度看日语对欧洲语言的借鉴
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.1.3
Krzysztof Jaskuła
This study endeavors to undertake a comparative analysis of aspect in English and Moroccan Arabic, hereafter referred to as MA, adopting a cognitive linguistic approach, with special attention to the categorization of different situation types as proposed by Radden and Dirven (2007). It also aims to highlight the aspect areas that may challenge Moroccan EFL learners when acquiring this English grammatical construction. The study reveals that aspect is treated differently in English and MA. English aspect hinges on the viewing frame adopted. Therefore, the shift from one viewing frame to another results in the change from one situation type to another. By contrast, in MA, the perfective use calls for the adoption of a maximal viewing frame. However, the imperfective use calls for two interpretations: the event can be seen with either a maximal or a restricted viewing frame. In the absence of elements that co-determine the aspect in MA, general context is the only indication of the appropriate interpretation. The differences in the aspectual systems of English and MA may lead to difficulties in language acquisition. MA learners attempting to learn English, and vice versa, may face challenges in learning both the grammatical structure and its associated meanings.
本研究采用认知语言学方法,特别关注 Radden 和 Dirven(2007 年)提出的不同情况类型的分类,努力对英语和摩洛哥阿拉伯语(以下简称摩洛哥阿语)中的方面进行比较分析。本研究还旨在强调摩洛哥 EFL 学习者在学习这一英语语法结构时可能面临挑战的方面。研究表明,英语和摩洛哥语对方面的处理是不同的。英语的方面取决于所采用的观察框架。因此,从一种视角到另一种视角的转换会导致从一种情境类型到另一种情境类型的转换。与此相反,在马来语中,完成时的使用要求采用最大的观察框架。然而,非完形填空要求两种解释:可以用最大的或受限的观察框架来看待事件。在缺乏共同决定 MA 方面的要素的情况下,一般语境是适当解释的唯一指示。英语和 MA 方面系统的差异可能会导致语言学习中的困难。试图学习英语的 MA 学习者,反之亦然,在学习语法结构及其相关意义时可能会面临挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Angas-Sura etymologies XIII 安加斯-苏拉语源 XIII
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.4
G. Takács
The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura (AS) and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichotomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999). This series of papers represents the author’s ongoing project for an etymological dictionary of  the Angas-Sura languages comprising their entire Afro-Asiatic cognacy.
作为长期系列研究的一部分,本文致力于对 Angas-Sura 词根种群的一个新语段(即首齿 *d-)进行词源学分析,该语段是一小群现代语言,与法老时代的埃及语和著名的闪米特语言或撒哈拉地区的 Twareg 等遥相呼应。格林伯格(J.H. Greenberg,1958 年)是现代非洲-亚洲比较语言学的奠基人(与 I.M. Diakonoff 同为奠基人),他是第一位通过新语法(Neo-Grammarian)建立安加斯-苏拉语(Angas-Sura,AS)与古埃及语之间常规辅音对应方法的学者,他在其开创性的(令人痛苦的孤立的)论文中论述了这两个语支中词首唇音的古代三分法。如今,我们有了庞大的埃及词源比较词根目录系统(自 1994 年以来一直在进行)和非洲-亚洲母系词库比较词根目录系统(自 1999 年以来一直在进行),沿着这条道路前进的机会大大增加了。这一系列论文代表了作者正在进行的安加斯-苏拉语词源词典项目,该词典包含了安加斯-苏拉语的整个非洲-亚洲认知。
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引用次数: 0
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Lingua Posnaniensis
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