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The coordinators i and z in Polish: A cognitive-typological approach (Part 2) 波兰语中的协调者i和z:认知类型学方法(第二部分)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0009
A. Andrason
Abstract Developed within the frame of cognitive and typological linguistics, the present study examines the taxonomical status of the lexemes i and z in Polish. To achieve this aim, the author analyzes the compliance of the two forms with the prototype of coordinate-hood and the structure of their maps of polyfunctionality. The evidence demonstrates that i is a canonical instantiation of the category of coordinate-hood while z is less canonical. Additionally, the two lexemes yield different maps of polyfunctionality (with distinct prototypicality nuclei), which reflects their distinct diachronic and conceptual origin. The map of i radiates from the value of ‘also’ while the map of z radiates from a comitative sense. This article – the last in a series of two – completes the presentation of the empirical evidence and interprets it within the adopted framework. The degrees of canonicity of i and z are determined and the semantic-functional maps of the two lexemes are compared.
在认知语言学和类型语言学的框架内发展,本研究考察了波兰语中词汇i和z的分类学地位。为了达到这一目的,作者分析了这两种形式与座标原型的遵从性及其多功能映射的结构。证据表明,i是坐标-hood范畴的典型实例,而z则不那么典型。此外,这两种词汇产生了不同的多功能性地图(具有不同的原型核),这反映了它们不同的历时和概念起源。i的映射从' also '的值发散,而z的映射从模仿意义发散。本文——两篇系列文章中的最后一篇——完成了经验证据的呈现,并在采用的框架内对其进行了解释。确定了i和z的正则度,并比较了这两个词的语义功能映射。
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引用次数: 5
Cohesive substitution in the Qurʼān 《古兰经》中的衔接替代
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0011
Yehudit Dror
Abstract This article describes the use of cohesive substitution in the Qurʼān. In Halliday and Hasan’s model of cohesion, this term refers to the replacement of one syntactic item by another; this article asks several questions in this regard: How is cohesive substitution realized in the Qurʼān? What items does it replace? Why is it used? The study finds that there are only a few cases of cohesive substitution in the Qurʼān, and the nominal and verbal substitution operate in the Qurʼān as they do in English. In that language, the forms one and the same are employed for nominal substitution. In the Qurʼān the forms ʼaḥad “one” (sg. masc.), ʼiḥdā “one” (sg. fem.) and miṯlu ḏālika “the same” can be considered equivalent to the English form one and the same. Verbal substitution in Arabic is realized by the verb yaf’alu “he will do,” “he does” (and is not followed by the anaphoric pronoun ḏālika “that”), replacing only the verb without its complement. No occurrences of clausal substitutions were found because usually variations of anaphoric reference (e.g., ḏālika “that” or ka-ḏālika “like that”) were used instead. From a pragmatic viewpoint, cohesive substitution is used to prevent repetition of the same word found in the immediately preceding clause.
摘要本文描述了《古兰经ān》中内聚替代的用法。在韩礼德和哈桑的衔接模式中,这一术语指的是用一个句法项代替另一个句法项;本文在这方面提出了几个问题:《古兰经ān》是如何实现内聚替代的?它可以替代哪些项目?为什么要使用它?研究发现,《古兰经ān》中衔接替代的情况很少,名义替代和动词性替代在《古兰经ān》中的作用与英语中的相同。在这种语言中,形式一和相同被用于名义替代。在古兰经ān中,形式aḥad是“一”。(希伯来文),iḥdā“一”。fem.)和miṯlu ḏālika " the same "可以被认为相当于英语形式one和the same。阿拉伯语中的动词替换是通过动词yaf 'alu实现的,“他将做”,“他做”(并且后面没有回指代词ḏālika“that”),只替换动词而不替换其补语。没有发现用小句替代的情况,因为通常用回指指称的变体(例如ḏālika“that”或ka-ḏālika“like that”)代替。从语用学的角度来看,衔接替代是为了防止在前一句中发现的同一个词的重复。
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引用次数: 0
Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness: integration and functional identity of semantic categories 量化与确定性/不确定性:语义范畴的整合与功能同一性
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0012
A. Kiklewicz
Abstract The reference theory popular in 1970-1990s, which aimed at integrating various forms of semantic determination of lexical units of the language analysed from the syntax perspective, provides the starting point for the author. Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness were treated in numerous publications from that period as varieties of the same semantic category, i.e. determination of the referential status of nominal groups. The author assumes that both categories demonstrate functional independence, therefore their exponents form opposites. Consequently, the quantification model of definiteness/indefiniteness, cultivated by some researchers, is not supported in the language material, being rather a strictly logical structure. At the same time, the author demonstrates that certain relations and dependencies occur between the two categories. Four aspects of such dependencies: selection, implication, collocation and derivation, are examined in the paper using Polish language materials and materials of other European languages.
20世纪70年代至90年代流行的指称理论旨在整合从句法角度分析的语言词汇单元的各种形式的语义决定,为作者提供了出发点。在那个时期的许多出版物中,量化和确定性/不确定性被视为同一语义类别的变体,即确定名词组的指称地位。作者假设这两个范畴都表现出功能独立性,因此它们的指数形成对立。因此,一些研究人员培养的确定/不确定的量化模型在语言材料中没有得到支持,而是一个严格的逻辑结构。同时,作者证明了这两个类别之间存在一定的关系和依赖关系。本文使用波兰语材料和其他欧洲语言的材料,从选择、蕴涵、搭配和派生四个方面考察了这种依赖关系。
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引用次数: 0
Husserl’s phenomenological-communicative project 胡塞尔的现象学交际计划
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0005
Magdalena Gilicka
Abstract This paper aims to present the phenomenological method in the perspective of the philosophy of communication, without depriving the latter of the great importance, in Husserl’s works. The first part of this paper presents the ideas contained in Idee II…, including also the study of communication and agreement for the mutual exchange of experiences. The second part of this paper is the analysis of the arguments about the intersubjectivity, formulated by Husserl in Medytacje kartezjańskie. The last part presents the late period of Husserl’s works, which did not weaken his communicative analyses. This paper shows the peculiar evolution the German thinker’s views, which partially explains the doubts about the fundaments of the phenomenological method.
摘要本文旨在从传播哲学的角度来呈现现象学方法,但不剥夺后者在胡塞尔作品中的重要地位。本文的第一部分介绍了Idee II…中包含的思想,包括对相互交流经验的沟通和协议的研究。本文的第二部分是对胡塞尔在《卡捷斯基》中提出的关于主体间性的论点的分析。最后一部分介绍了胡塞尔作品的后期,这并没有削弱他的交际分析。本文展示了德国思想家观点的独特演变,部分解释了对现象学方法基础的质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophical dialogue – towards the cultural history of the genre 哲学对话——走向体裁的文化史
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0007
M. Rakoczy
Abstract This text analyzes philosophical dialogue (from Plato to Augustine of Hippo, Berkeley, Hume and Leibniz) as a linguistic genre embedded in the cultural, historical and media context, which was decisive for the role and functions accorded to philosophy as such. I argue that one way to describe transformations of Western thought, which has not been consistently implemented, is a description of its history through the category of progressive textualization and through anthropological-historical category of a genre. Two models of communication analyzed by Ives Winkin – orchestral and telegraphic – first associated with the perception of communication as an act of interpersonal, linguistic and non-linguistic communio, and second, the perception of communication as a linear transfer of information from one mind to another, have their historical, especially the media roots. The first is associated with the word alive and spoken communication. The second is conditioned by the primacy of the printed word and the quiet, solitary reading, which cuts off existential contexts, and decontextualizes an utterance and tranforms it into a strictly graphic message far from direct, interpersonal understanding. Both models can be seen well in philosophical texts. And the dominance of the latter, related to the development of print culture, allows us to understand why the philosophical dialogue as a trace of the conversation – a trace of the existential practice as well as philosophical – is experiencing a crisis in modern times.
摘要本文分析了哲学对话(从柏拉图到希波的奥古斯丁、伯克利、休谟和莱布尼茨)作为一种嵌入文化、历史和媒体语境的语言类型,它对哲学的作用和功能起着决定性的作用。我认为,描述西方思想转变的一种方式是通过渐进文本化的范畴和一种类型的人类学历史范畴来描述其历史,但这种转变并没有得到一致的实施。Ives Winkin分析的两种沟通模式——管弦乐和电报——第一种是将沟通视为人际、语言和非语言沟通的行为,第二种是将交流视为信息从一种思维到另一种思维的线性传递,这两种模式都有其历史根源,尤其是媒体根源。第一个与“有生命的和口头的交流”一词有关。第二个条件是印刷文字的首要地位和安静、孤独的阅读,这切断了存在的语境,使话语去文本化,并将其转化为一个严格的图形信息,远离直接的人际理解。这两种模式都可以在哲学文本中很好地看到。后者的主导地位,与印刷文化的发展有关,使我们能够理解为什么作为对话痕迹的哲学对话——既是存在实践的痕迹,也是哲学的痕迹——在现代正经历危机。
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引用次数: 1
Strategic actions according to Jürgen Habermas – some critical remarks from the transcendental-pragmatic procedure viewpoint Jürgen Habermas的战略行动——从超验语用程序的观点看一些批评性的评论
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0004
M. Filipiak
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the primacy of communicative rationality in relation to other forms of rationality and to determine the status of openly strategic actions in the concept of Jürgen Habermas. In the theory of communicative actions, Habermas focuses on actions secretively strategic, recognizing them as “parasitic” in relation to communicative actions and explains the prevalence of communicative actions on the grounds of the theory of speech acts, in particular the concept of illocutionary force, the category of “social binding force”, or practice in the lifeworld. By the same, Karl-Otto Apel challenges Habermas that he has skipped explicitly strategic class of actions, which entails the inadequacy of the justification for the status of communicative rationality. This raises a doubt – why should non-strategic actions take precedence over strategic ones? Karl-Otto Apel replies to this question with the help of transcendental-pragmatic procedure of an ultimate justification.
摘要本文的目的是分析沟通理性相对于其他形式理性的首要地位,并确定公开战略行动在Jürgen Habermas概念中的地位。在交际行为理论中,哈贝马斯将注意力集中在隐秘的战略性行为上,将其视为与交际行为相关的“寄生”行为,并基于言语行为理论,特别是言外力的概念、“社会约束力”的范畴或生活世界中的实践,解释了交际行为的普遍性。同样,卡尔·奥托·阿佩尔(Karl Otto Apel)质疑哈贝马斯(Habermas),他明确跳过了战略行动类别,这导致了交际理性地位的正当性不足。这引发了一个疑问——为什么非战略行动要优先于战略行动?卡尔·奥托·阿佩尔借助一种终极正当性的先验语用程序回答了这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Manuel Castells’ theory of information society as media theory 曼纽尔·卡斯特的信息社会理论作为媒介理论
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0006
Kęstas Kirtiklis
Abstract The present article deals with one of the most elaborated theories of information society, proposed by Manuel Castells. Castells defines the present social landscape as the Information Age, in which human societies perform their activities in a new technological paradigm and argues that this landscape was brought about by the revolution of information and communication technologies (ICT) at the second half of the 20th century. I argue that Castells first and foremost theorizes these new ICT (in the vein of media theorist Marshall Mc-Luhan) and discerns their three main features – network logic, timeless time and space of flows which are visible only in the interaction of media and society. Therefore, Castells’ ICT / media theory serves as a kind of methodological framework for his theory of the information society.
摘要本文论述了曼努埃尔·卡斯特尔斯提出的信息社会最为详尽的理论之一。Castells将当前的社会景观定义为信息时代,在信息时代,人类社会以新的技术范式开展活动,并认为这种景观是由20世纪下半叶的信息和通信技术革命带来的。我认为,Castells首先对这些新的ICT进行了理论化(与媒体理论家Marshall Mc Luhan一样),并发现了它们的三个主要特征——网络逻辑、流动的永恒时间和空间,这些只有在媒体和社会的互动中才可见。因此,卡斯特尔斯的信息通信技术/媒体理论是其信息社会理论的一种方法论框架。
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引用次数: 7
What is the “reflexive historicizing of communication”? A philosophical approach 什么是“传播的反身性历史化”?哲学方法
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0008
Michael Wendland
Abstract The purpose of this article is to interpret the term the “reflexive historicizing of communication” used by the editors of the Handbook of Communication History published in 2013. In the preface and in the first chapter, the editors introduce the above-mentioned concept, postulating that it is associated with the most important among several possible trends in communication history. Reflexive historicizing, as an important and innovative methodological directive, however, is described therein rather laconically. This article contains comments on both historicism and reflexivity. Their genesis is presented as well as their most important interpretations and possible applications in the social sciences. Particular attention is paid to the concept of historicism, since it is charged with numerous controversies and polemics (Karl Popper’s famous criticism). The main purpose of this article is to explain the meaning of historicism (and reflexivity) so as to avoid confusion and over-interpretation in the application of these concepts within communication history.
摘要本文旨在对2013年出版的《传播史手册》编者使用的“传播的反思性历史化”一词进行解释。在前言和第一章中,编者介绍了上述概念,并假设它与传播史上几种可能趋势中最重要的趋势有关。然而,反思性历史化作为一种重要的、创新的方法论指导,在其中却被相当简洁地描述。这篇文章既有对历史决定论的评论,也有对反身性的评论。他们的起源,以及他们最重要的解释和可能的应用在社会科学。特别注意的是历史决定论的概念,因为它被指控有许多争议和论战(卡尔·波普尔的著名批评)。本文的主要目的是解释历史主义(和反身性)的含义,以避免在传播史中这些概念的应用中出现混淆和过度解释。
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引用次数: 0
Jürgen Habermas’s postconventional constractarianism as cosmopolitan constitutionalism 哈贝马斯作为世界宪政的后传统建构主义
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0003
Karolina M. Cern
Abstract In the course of this paper article I shall depict in what way Jürgen Habermas’s application of the discourse theory to the democratic polity transforms the contractarian theoretical framework, presuming, however, that the reader is familiar with the general theoretical framework and the basic concepts characteristic for this political tradition. Moreover, I will also show that the relevance of this transformation consists in delivering a justification of a kind of cosmopolitan constitutionalism.
摘要在本文的过程中,我将描述尤尔根·哈贝马斯将话语理论应用于民主政治是如何改变契约主义理论框架的,但前提是读者熟悉这一政治传统的一般理论框架和基本概念。此外,我还将表明,这种转变的相关性在于为一种世界主义宪政提供正当理由。
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引用次数: 0
On reductionism in communication studies 论传播学研究中的还原论
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/linpo-2017-0002
Jarosław Boruszewski
Abstract In contemporary philosophy of communication we have two competing views on communication. In short they are called message-centred and meaning-centred. The first one is described as reductionist because it reduces communication to transmission of information. In the article a distinction has been made between a purely transmissional approach, which does not have a reductionist character and the reductionist account, which in an unjustified manner, conflates the transmission problem with semantic issues. For this purpose, the concept of levels of analysis and considerations concerning a conduit metaphor were used. Given the limited application of the reductionist approach in communication studies, in the last section of the article an integration approach is proposed. Such an approach, while avoiding conflation of levels, allows for their combining and finding connections between them.
在当代传播哲学中,有两种相互竞争的传播观。简而言之,它们被称为以信息为中心和以意义为中心。第一种被称为还原论,因为它将交流简化为信息的传递。在这篇文章中,我们区分了纯粹的传递方法和还原方法,前者不具有还原论的特征,后者以一种不合理的方式将传递问题与语义问题混为一谈。为此,使用了有关导管隐喻的分析层次和考虑因素的概念。鉴于还原论方法在传播学研究中的应用有限,本文在最后一节提出了一种整合方法。这种方法在避免级别合并的同时,允许它们组合并找到它们之间的联系。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Lingua Posnaniensis
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