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Target Oncogenic Receptors in Tumours, A Hot Topics Today 肿瘤中的靶向致癌受体,当今的热门话题
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)116
G. Zhu
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引用次数: 0
Criteria for the Optimal Extent of Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Carcinoma: Number of Harvested Lymph Nodes or Properly Dissected Relevant Lymph Node Stations? Standard or Personalized Extent? 胃癌最佳淋巴结清扫程度的标准:切除淋巴结的数量还是适当清扫的相关淋巴结站?标准程度还是个性化程度?
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)119
R. Bayramov
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引用次数: 0
Radiosurgery with Gamma Knife in Central Neurocitoma: Case Report 伽玛刀放射治疗中枢神经瘤1例
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)120
Roxana Risco Neyra, P. F. Rivera
Central neurocytoma is considered a neoplasm classified as grade II by the WHO, of intraventricular location, although they can be aggressive. Due to the rare incidence, there are no fixed treatment rules or radiation therapy recommendations. Macroscopic total resection is usually curative, however, it is only achieved in 30-50% of cases due to the central location. Adjuvant treatment for optimal neurocytoma management should be considered. Stereotactic radiosurgery is now increasingly recommended as an adjuvant treatment. A case report of a patient treated with postoperative radiosurgery with high local control is presented, and the literature review is also performed.
尽管中枢神经细胞瘤具有侵袭性,但它被WHO列为脑室内位置的II级肿瘤。由于发病率低,没有固定的治疗规则或放疗建议。肉眼全切除通常是可以治愈的,然而,由于肿瘤位于中心位置,只有30-50%的病例可以治愈。应考虑辅助治疗以获得最佳的神经细胞瘤管理。立体定向放射手术现在越来越多地被推荐作为辅助治疗。本文报告了一例局部高度控制的术后放射手术患者,并进行了文献复习。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple Solitary Plasmacytoma: A Rare Presentation 多发孤立浆细胞瘤:一种罕见的表现
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)124
A. Kuchkuntla, N. Nandu
Plasmacytomas are localized tumors of monoclonal plasma cells, typically affecting the axial skeleton and present as solitary bone lesions known as solitary bone plasmacytomas (SBP). Another type of plasmacytomas are extramedullary plasmacytomas (EP) that are localized plasma cell neoplasms affecting the soft tissues such as skin, brain lymph nodes etc. These tumors are account for 5-10% of all plasma cell disorders and among these tumors a rare entity is a multiple solitary plasmacytoma (MSP). MSPs are rare and account for only 5% of all SBPs. MSP presents with multiple SBPs with or without EPs with no bone marrow involvement as multiple myeloma. Literature is limited on MSP as it is a rare diagnosis. Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old male who presented with shoulder pain after a fall, found to have an SBP of the right shoulder, SBP of left femur and a left hypopharyngeal EP. The tumors were excised and he was treated with 6 cycles of bortezomib and dexamethasone. After chemotherapy and radiation patient showed good response and remained in remission on follow up.
浆细胞瘤是单克隆浆细胞的局部肿瘤,通常影响轴骨,表现为孤立性骨病变,称为孤立性骨浆细胞瘤(SBP)。另一种类型的浆细胞瘤是髓外浆细胞瘤(EP),它是一种局部浆细胞肿瘤,影响软组织,如皮肤、脑淋巴结等。这些肿瘤占所有浆细胞疾病的5-10%,在这些肿瘤中罕见的是多发孤立性浆细胞瘤(MSP)。msp很少见,仅占所有sbp的5%。多发性骨髓瘤表现为多发性SBPs伴或不伴EPs,未累及骨髓。文献有限的MSP,因为它是一个罕见的诊断。在这里,我们提出一个64岁的男性病例,他在跌倒后出现肩部疼痛,发现有右肩收缩压,左股骨收缩压和左下咽EP。切除肿瘤,给予硼替佐米和地塞米松治疗6个周期。经化疗和放疗后,患者表现出良好的反应,并在随访中保持缓解。
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引用次数: 1
A Review on the Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Endothelial Cells 内皮细胞神经内分泌调节研究进展
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)115
P. Lissoni, F. Rovelli
Today, it is known that inflammation represents the common mechanism of human systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. Obviously, the endothelial system is involved in all inflammatory processes. Then, the control of the endothelial functions could constitute a new medical strategy to treat several pathological conditions, including ischemic and thrombotic events. Moreover, in addition to the action of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, the endothelial system has been proven to be physiologically under a double control, represent by the cytokine network and the neuroendocrine system. Most cytokines have appeared to exert angiogenic and inflammatory effects, which are balanced by an anti-angiogenic and an anti-inflammatory action exerted by the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT), cannabinoid agents, and the product of ACE2, the angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7). Then, a neuroendocrine approach with MLT, cannabinoids and Ang 1-7 could constitute a new way in the treatment of endothelial alterations and angiogenesis.
今天,众所周知,炎症代表了人类全身性疾病的共同机制,包括癌症和自身免疫。显然,内皮系统参与了所有的炎症过程。因此,控制内皮功能可能构成一种新的医疗策略来治疗多种病理状况,包括缺血性和血栓性事件。此外,除了血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子的作用外,内皮系统已被证明在生理上受到双重控制,以细胞因子网络和神经内分泌系统为代表。大多数细胞因子似乎具有血管生成和炎症作用,松果体褪黑激素(MLT)、大麻素制剂和ACE2的产物血管紧张素1-7 (Ang 1-7)发挥的抗血管生成和抗炎作用平衡了这些作用。因此,神经内分泌途径与MLT、大麻素和Ang 1-7可能构成内皮改变和血管生成治疗的新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk Factors Using Neural Network Analytics: an Empirical Study 用神经网络分析预测乳腺癌危险因素的实证研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)118
Ahed J. Alkhatib, Shadi M. Alkhatib
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer affecting women. Identifying breast cancer risk factors are crucially to be established. The main objectives of the present study were to identify the predictors of breast cancer risk factors and their relative importance using neural network analysis. The present study depended on neural network analysis of data posted on [1]. The dataset is about predictors of breast cancer. There were 9 covariates included and one dependent variable, output (no disease (1), or disease (2)). The dataset was composed of 116 cases. The category of no disease comprised 79 (68.1%) cases, whereas the disease category included 37 cases (31.9%). Architecture model was built with some characteristics such as training part: gross entropy error was 23.7884, the percent of incorrect predictions was 10.1%. Stopping rule used was 1 consecutive step(s) with no decrease in error. For testing part, gross entropy error was 14,327, the percent of incorrect predictions was 13.5%. The relative importance of breast cancer was in the following order: glucose, resistin, BMI, age, leptin, adiponectin, MCP-1, insulin, and HOMA. Taken together, neural network analysis is an efficient tool to predict breast cancer risk factors.
乳腺癌是影响女性的最普遍的癌症。确定乳腺癌的危险因素至关重要。本研究的主要目的是利用神经网络分析确定乳腺癌危险因素的预测因素及其相对重要性。本研究依赖于对发表在[1]上的数据进行神经网络分析。这个数据集是关于乳腺癌的预测因子。共纳入9个协变量和1个因变量,即输出(无疾病(1)或疾病(2))。该数据集由116个病例组成。无病类79例(68.1%),有病类37例(31.9%)。构建了具有训练部分等特征的体系结构模型:总熵误差为23.7884,预测错误率为10.1%。使用的停止规则是连续1步(s),误差没有减少。测试部分的总熵误差为14327,预测错误率为13.5%。乳腺癌的相对重要性依次为:葡萄糖、抵抗素、BMI、年龄、瘦素、脂联素、MCP-1、胰岛素和HOMA。综上所述,神经网络分析是预测乳腺癌危险因素的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
To Assess the Knowledge and Awareness about Breast, Cervical and Oral Cancer Screening Among Oncology Nurses in Tertiary Cancer Centre 评估三级癌症中心肿瘤科护士对乳癌、子宫颈癌及口腔癌筛检的知识及意识
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)125
Jyoti P. Patel, Sindhu Shibu Nair
Background: To better primary health care and better-trained nurses, knowing the causes of cancer provides a basis for understanding the potential for prevention or early detection of the disease. Our study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness about breast, cervical and oral cancer screening amongst oncology nurses at a tertiary cancer centre. Methodology: An anonymised questionnaire based study was conducted amongst nurses at a tertiary cancer centre. We used NCG e-leaning questionnaire to assess knowledge (which includes breast, oral and cervical knowledge and awareness related questionnaire). Results: A total of 313 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. Age range of participants was from 21 to 54 years (mean = 29.8; SD = 8.14). Knowledge and awareness about breast cancer were significantly associated gender (p=0.014) and marital status (p=0.00). Although, Knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer were significantly associated with gender (p=0.002) and years of experience (p=0.03). The age (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.002) and years of experience (p=<0.001) was statistically significantly associated with knowledge and awareness about oral cancer. Conclusion: Our data suggest that levels of knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer as well as its preventable nature should be improved. Continuing nurse education may contribute to strengthen cervical cancer screening programs. Nursing staff, if properly aware of this disease, can educate the masses and hence increase health-seeking behaviour in women.
背景:为了更好的初级卫生保健和训练有素的护士,了解癌症的原因为了解预防或早期发现疾病的潜力提供了基础。我们的研究旨在评估三级癌症中心肿瘤科护士对乳腺癌、宫颈癌和口腔癌筛查的知识和意识。方法:对某三级癌症中心的护士进行匿名问卷调查。我们采用NCG e- learning问卷进行知识评估(包括乳房、口腔和宫颈知识及意识相关问卷)。结果:共有313名符合纳入标准的受试者被纳入本研究。参与者年龄范围为21 ~ 54岁(平均29.8岁;Sd = 8.14)。乳腺癌知识和意识与性别(p=0.014)和婚姻状况(p=0.00)显著相关。虽然,对宫颈癌的知识和意识与性别(p=0.002)和经验年数(p=0.03)显著相关。年龄(p=0.001)、婚姻状况(p=0.002)和工作年限(p=<0.001)与口腔癌知识和认知度有统计学意义。结论:我们的数据表明,对宫颈癌及其可预防性的认识和理解水平有待提高。继续护士教育可能有助于加强宫颈癌筛查计划。护理人员如果对这种疾病有适当的认识,就可以教育群众,从而增加妇女的求医行为。
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引用次数: 0
Pet-Ct Based Radiotherapy Planning 基于Pet-Ct的放疗计划
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)121
A. Kuchkuntla, Aarathi Reddy
With the advent of advanced imaging techniques such as positron emission topography/computed topography, use of radiotherapy in the management of various cancers has become more effective and is shown to have better outcomes. PET/CT scanning is useful for evaluating tumour biological heterogeneity of malignant lesions providing comprehensive information regards the tumour’s metabolism, hypoxia, and proliferation. Integration of PET/CT imaging in radiotherapy helps in assessing tumour volume to achieve effective tumour control by adjusting radiation dose. Literature is extensive on PET/CT based radiation planning and here we aim to provide a brief review of PET/CT use in different malignancies.
随着先进成像技术的出现,如正电子发射地形图/计算机地形图,在各种癌症的治疗中使用放射治疗变得更加有效,并显示出更好的结果。PET/CT扫描有助于评估恶性病变的肿瘤生物学异质性,提供有关肿瘤代谢、缺氧和增殖的全面信息。PET/CT影像在放射治疗中的整合有助于评估肿瘤体积,通过调整放射剂量实现对肿瘤的有效控制。关于PET/CT放射计划的文献很多,在这里我们的目的是简要回顾PET/CT在不同恶性肿瘤中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Citiscreen Project for Cancer Screening: Colorectal, Prostate, Bladder, Testicular, Thyroid and Skin Cancers Citiscreen癌症筛查项目:结直肠癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌和皮肤癌
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)117
B. Petrikovsky
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Vaccination for Cancer Patients, What Oncologists and Cancer Patients Need to Know? 癌症患者需要接种COVID-19疫苗,肿瘤学家和癌症患者需要知道什么?
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.47363/JONRR/2020(1)114
H. Al-Shamsi, Mona A. Alfares, S. Alrawi
As the current evidence is accumulating in support of multiple COVID-19 vaccine in general population while the final regulatory approvals are still pending, multiple vaccine candidates have already received temporary authorization for emergency use. The mRNA vaccines are new to the clinical practice and global regulators must balance the lack of medium to longer-term data on these novel mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.The inactivated vaccines have been used in cancer patients in the past with excellent safety profile and they may be theoretically the safest vaccine for cancer patients. Currently there are no formal COVID-19 vaccine trial designed specifically for cancer patients. Some of the current major trials excluded cancer patients while others did not explicitly excluded malignancies. Early reports indicate that some cancer patients were able to enroll in some of the vaccine trials, yet no clear information if these patients were on active systemic therapies or surveillance. There is a need for a dedicated COVID-19 vaccine trials for cancer patients. The UK Independent report by the “ Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation for the Priority groups for coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination” recommended “bone marrow and stem cell transplant recipients and people with specific cancers” to receive priority vaccination, without further clarification which “specific cancers” were referred to. Until further data are available, recommendations for vaccination for COVID-19 for cancer patients cannot be routinely recommended. At the current time evaluation of cancer patients who wish to consider COVID-19 vaccination should be done in the context of clinical trials, if there is no access to clinical trials; This should be addressed “case by case” basis with clear discussion about potential benefits, risks and uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 vaccination for cancer patients at the current time.
由于目前的证据越来越多地支持在普通人群中使用多种COVID-19疫苗,而监管部门的最终批准仍在等待中,因此多种候选疫苗已经获得了紧急使用的临时授权。mRNA疫苗对临床实践来说是新的,全球监管机构必须平衡缺乏这些新型mRNA COVID-19疫苗的中长期数据。灭活疫苗过去曾用于癌症患者,具有良好的安全性,理论上可能是癌症患者最安全的疫苗。目前还没有专门为癌症患者设计的正式COVID-19疫苗试验。目前的一些主要试验排除了癌症患者,而另一些没有明确排除恶性肿瘤。早期的报告表明,一些癌症患者能够参加一些疫苗试验,但没有明确的信息表明这些患者是否正在接受积极的全身治疗或监测。有必要针对癌症患者进行专门的COVID-19疫苗试验。“针对冠状病毒(COVID-19)疫苗接种优先群体的疫苗接种和免疫联合委员会”的英国独立报告建议“骨髓和干细胞移植接受者以及患有特定癌症的人”接受优先疫苗接种,但没有进一步澄清所指的是哪些“特定癌症”。在获得进一步数据之前,不能常规推荐为癌症患者接种COVID-19疫苗的建议。目前,如果无法获得临床试验,则应在临床试验的背景下对希望考虑接种COVID-19疫苗的癌症患者进行评估;这应该在“具体情况具体分析”的基础上解决,明确讨论当前癌症患者接种COVID-19疫苗的潜在益处、风险和不确定性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Oncology Research Review & Reports
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