The contemporary media environment is characterized by a high degree of complexity. Users move across different media outlets and digital platforms, and media consumption practices are entangled with other everyday practices. However, this does not imply that everyone uses every existing media outlet or digital platform. Different elements may play a role in media choice and attention location. Relying on the media repertoires approach, and through factor analysis and cluster analysis (based on the cross-country and cross-regional survey PIN – “The Peoples’ Internet”) the aim of this article is to identify different clusters of users characterized by specific patterns and combinations of legacy media and digital platforms. Special attention will be given at the placement of social media in media repertoires as they have a profound impact on mediated societal processes such as political debate, everyday communication, and impact on the whole media ecology. The article will describe which clusters of Italian users can be identified based on their digital and legacy media use; which socio-demographic variables characterize the clusters and how the uses of social media differ within these clusters.
{"title":"Four Italian Media Repertoires between Legacy, Social and Digital Media","authors":"F. Pasquali, Nicoletta Vittadini","doi":"10.26350/001200_000088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000088","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary media environment is characterized by a high degree of complexity. Users move across different media outlets and digital platforms, and media consumption practices are entangled with other everyday practices. However, this does not imply that everyone uses every existing media outlet or digital platform. Different elements may play a role in media choice and attention location. Relying on the media repertoires approach, and through factor analysis and cluster analysis (based on the cross-country and cross-regional survey PIN – “The Peoples’ Internet”) the aim of this article is to identify different clusters of users characterized by specific patterns and combinations of legacy media and digital platforms. Special attention will be given at the placement of social media in media repertoires as they have a profound impact on mediated societal processes such as political debate, everyday communication, and impact on the whole media ecology. The article will describe which clusters of Italian users can be identified based on their digital and legacy media use; which socio-demographic variables characterize the clusters and how the uses of social media differ within these clusters.","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90190712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trust in journalistic media has decreased for many years. However, this decline is rarely linked to the transformations of forms of citizenship that characterize citizen participation in public space and a broader process of redefining the relationship between journalism and the public, accelerated by digital communication. The essay analyzes the main reasons for these changes and delineates the characteristics of a new information pact. Journalism delimits the facts, it selects and hierarchizes the events and social phenomena to be brought to the attention of the public opinion. This delimitation takes place on the basis of a negotiation with the sources and the public, progressively less available to rely on the definitions of the situations proposed by the press. The hiatus between the promise of completeness of information and the centrality of the facts and the effective operating modes of journalism is seized by demanding and critical citizens. If they capture limits and partialities in the journalistic mediation, they prefer other readings of society, or to share what is more in line with their vision of the world. However, the peculiarities of digital communication suggest a new informational pact between the journalistic institution and the citizens, in which the dense network of relationships defined between sources, the public and the journalistic system
{"title":"Dalla trasmissione alla condivisione: Ripensare il rapporto fra giornalismo e cittadini","authors":"L. Solito, Carlo Sorrentino","doi":"10.26350/001200_000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000057","url":null,"abstract":"Trust in journalistic media has decreased for many years. However, this decline is rarely linked to the transformations of forms of citizenship that characterize citizen participation in public space and a broader process of redefining the relationship between journalism and the public, accelerated by digital communication. The essay analyzes the main reasons for these changes and delineates the characteristics of a new information pact. Journalism delimits the facts, it selects and hierarchizes the events and social phenomena to be brought to the attention of the public opinion. This delimitation takes place on the basis of a negotiation with the sources and the public, progressively less available to rely on the definitions of the situations proposed by the press. The hiatus between the promise of completeness of information and the centrality of the facts and the effective operating modes of journalism is seized by demanding and critical citizens. If they capture limits and partialities in the journalistic mediation, they prefer other readings of society, or to share what is more in line with their vision of the world. However, the peculiarities of digital communication suggest a new informational pact between the journalistic institution and the citizens, in which the dense network of relationships defined between sources, the public and the journalistic system","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83094862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By considering the wide Jose Ortega y Gasset’s contribution to a sociological perspective, this paper is aimed at showing the relevance for social theorists of his insights in the field of language, in particular in his conceptualization of the act of saying and of the act of listening to, in their multiple expressions such as reading, translating, creating and reading literary texts, etc. In particular, I will highlight how language is not only a crucial field in which the relation between the individual and society is constituted but, more relevant, that it represents the context in which an original theory of the production of new meanings and insights is latently proposed by Ortega, based on the concept of utopia and on the character of “privilege and honor” connected with it. In order to show this, in conclusion I will take into consideration his work of debut, Meditaciones del Quijote [1914], which can be considered as a general proof of a method consisting in a dialog with a literary masterpiece aimed at producing new insights and keys in order to interpret reality.
通过考虑何塞·奥尔特加·y·加塞特对社会学视角的广泛贡献，本文旨在展示他在语言领域的见解与社会理论家的相关性，特别是他对说话行为和听行为的概念化，在阅读、翻译、创作和阅读文学文本等多种表达中。特别是，我将强调语言如何不仅是个人和社会之间关系构成的关键领域，而且更重要的是，它代表了奥尔特加基于乌托邦概念和与之相关的“特权和荣誉”特征潜在地提出的新意义和见解的原始理论的背景。为了证明这一点，在结论中，我将考虑他的处女作，Meditaciones del Quijote[1914]，这可以被认为是一种方法的一般证明，这种方法包括与文学名著的对话，旨在产生新的见解和钥匙，以解释现实。
{"title":"Ortega Y Gasset, la Sociologia, le Parole","authors":"Ercole Giap Parini","doi":"10.26350/001200_000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000056","url":null,"abstract":"By considering the wide Jose Ortega y Gasset’s contribution to a sociological perspective, this paper is aimed at showing the relevance for social theorists of his insights in the field of language, in particular in his conceptualization of the act of saying and of the act of listening to, in their multiple expressions such as reading, translating, creating and reading literary texts, etc. In particular, I will highlight how language is not only a crucial field in which the relation between the individual and society is constituted but, more relevant, that it represents the context in which an original theory of the production of new meanings and insights is latently proposed by Ortega, based on the concept of utopia and on the character of “privilege and honor” connected with it. In order to show this, in conclusion I will take into consideration his work of debut, Meditaciones del Quijote [1914], which can be considered as a general proof of a method consisting in a dialog with a literary masterpiece aimed at producing new insights and keys in order to interpret reality.","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77895969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Mazzoni, R. Marchetti, P. D. Salvo, Susanna Pagiotti
How did the Italian national press cover the earthquakes that struck severely the centre of Italy in 2016? How did it cover the tragedy of the people and territories hit by the earthquakes? What were the main practices put in place by journalists? An earthquake is a terrifying, unexpected and destructive event, characteristics that make it highly newsworthy: a perfect kind of news for its widely popular appeal. Journalists have the difficult task of narrating such a tragic event, which requires a dedicated and “dramatic” frame as they must tell stories of death, pain and destruction caused by earthquakes. So, what are the main practices deployed by journalists, who are primarily eyewitnesses, in the narration of the drama? What are the main frames proposed (human interest, attribution of responsibility, economic consequences)? In Italy few studies have been conducted in this field so far. This article aims to identify the kind of storytelling and frames that prevail in the representation of the earthquakes that took place in the centre of Italy. Emphasis is placed on the two earthquakes which registered the highest magnitudes: in Amatrice on 24 August 2016 and in Norcia on 30 October 2016. These two seismic events had different consequences, even though they were of similar magnitudes. This strongly influenced, as will be seen, the kind of coverage newspapers dedicated to them. This study analyses all the articles devoted to the earthquakes that were published between 25 August 2016 (the day after the earthquake in Amatrice) and 9 April 2017 (covering a total of 33 weeks), by five of the most widely read Italian national newspapers (Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, il Giornale, La Stampa and Il Sole 24 Ore). In total, 5,904 news articles were collected. We then conducted computer-assisted content analysis using T-lab, a linguistic and statistical software for content analysis. The results confirm the increasingly evident emergence, in the chronicles of the earthquake, of human interest framing – namely the narration of strong personal emotional experiences – together with the economic effects of the earthquake (the economic consequences frame), and the debate regarding the institutional actors who were supposed to intervene in the narrated events (the attribution of responsibility frame).
意大利国家媒体是如何报道2016年意大利中部发生的严重地震的?它是如何报道遭受地震袭击的人民和领土的悲剧的?记者的主要做法是什么?地震是一种可怕的、意想不到的、具有破坏性的事件，这些特点使它具有很高的新闻价值:它是一种具有广泛大众吸引力的完美新闻。记者在叙述这样一个悲剧事件时面临着艰巨的任务，这需要一个专注和“戏剧性”的框架，因为他们必须讲述地震造成的死亡、痛苦和破坏的故事。那么，作为目击者的记者，在对该剧的叙述中，主要采取了哪些做法呢?提出的主要框架是什么(人类利益、责任归属、经济后果)?在意大利，迄今为止在这一领域进行的研究很少。本文旨在确定在意大利中部发生的地震的表现中流行的叙事方式和框架。重点是记录最高震级的两次地震:2016年8月24日在阿马特里切和2016年10月30日在诺尔恰。这两次地震虽然震级相似，但后果却不同。正如我们将看到的，这强烈地影响了报纸对他们的报道。本研究分析了2016年8月25日(阿马特里切地震后第二天)至2017年4月9日(共33周)期间发表的所有有关地震的文章，这些文章由意大利最受欢迎的五家全国性报纸(Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, il Giornale, la Stampa和il Sole 24 Ore)发表。总共收集了5904篇新闻文章。然后，我们使用T-lab(一种用于内容分析的语言和统计软件)进行了计算机辅助内容分析。研究结果证实，在地震编年史中，越来越明显地出现了人类利益框架——即强烈的个人情感经历的叙述——以及地震的经济影响(经济后果框架)，以及关于应该干预所叙述事件的制度行动者的辩论(责任归因框架)。
{"title":"La narrazione di un dramma nella stampa nazionale: il terremoto del centro Italia","authors":"Marco Mazzoni, R. Marchetti, P. D. Salvo, Susanna Pagiotti","doi":"10.26350/001200_000079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000079","url":null,"abstract":"How did the Italian national press cover the earthquakes that struck severely the centre of Italy in 2016? How did it cover the tragedy of the people and territories hit by the earthquakes? What were the main practices put in place by journalists? An earthquake is a terrifying, unexpected and destructive event, characteristics that make it highly newsworthy: a perfect kind of news for its widely popular appeal. Journalists have the difficult task of narrating such a tragic event, which requires a dedicated and “dramatic” frame as they must tell stories of death, pain and destruction caused by earthquakes. So, what are the main practices deployed by journalists, who are primarily eyewitnesses, in the narration of the drama? What are the main frames proposed (human interest, attribution of responsibility, economic consequences)? In Italy few studies have been conducted in this field so far. This article aims to identify the kind of storytelling and frames that prevail in the representation of the earthquakes that took place in the centre of Italy. Emphasis is placed on the two earthquakes which registered the highest magnitudes: in Amatrice on 24 August 2016 and in Norcia on 30 October 2016. These two seismic events had different consequences, even though they were of similar magnitudes. This strongly influenced, as will be seen, the kind of coverage newspapers dedicated to them. This study analyses all the articles devoted to the earthquakes that were published between 25 August 2016 (the day after the earthquake in Amatrice) and 9 April 2017 (covering a total of 33 weeks), by five of the most widely read Italian national newspapers (Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, il Giornale, La Stampa and Il Sole 24 Ore). In total, 5,904 news articles were collected. We then conducted computer-assisted content analysis using T-lab, a linguistic and statistical software for content analysis. The results confirm the increasingly evident emergence, in the chronicles of the earthquake, of human interest framing – namely the narration of strong personal emotional experiences – together with the economic effects of the earthquake (the economic consequences frame), and the debate regarding the institutional actors who were supposed to intervene in the narrated events (the attribution of responsibility frame).","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86667113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article shows the results of a qualitative research on the use of social media by Tunisian and Italian youth, which is part of a broader project on Mediterranean digital culture. More precisely, this work is based on a series of focus groups, and aims at analyzing political participation, engagement and citizen journalism, by focusing on two countries deeply affected by digital propaganda – in Italy, with the growing popularity of Five Star Movement among young people, and in Tunisia with all aftermaths of the Arab Spring. Twelve focus groups were realized, with a total of 96 interviewed. As a result, we will consider two main findings: a critical use of social media, on the one hand, and on the other a not political participation – where youth will reveal to be interested in generational, cultural and territorial issues, rather than in strictly political ones.
{"title":"In Facebook We Trust?: Social media e partecipazione politica tra i giovani di Italia e Tunisia","authors":"Di Donato, Marco, Massidda, Miconi, Andrea","doi":"10.26350/001200_000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000080","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the results of a qualitative research on the use of social media by Tunisian and Italian youth, which is part of a broader project on Mediterranean digital culture. More precisely, this work is based on a series of focus groups, and aims at analyzing political participation, engagement and citizen journalism, by focusing on two countries deeply affected by digital propaganda – in Italy, with the growing popularity of Five Star Movement among young people, and in Tunisia with all aftermaths of the Arab Spring. Twelve focus groups were realized, with a total of 96 interviewed. As a result, we will consider two main findings: a critical use of social media, on the one hand, and on the other a not political participation – where youth will reveal to be interested in generational, cultural and territorial issues, rather than in strictly political ones.","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86379214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the emergence of the Internet over the last decades, people have access to a wide variety of media content as never before, leading to multiple new media consumption practices. As people integrate new means of communication into their everyday lives, this necessarily leads to questions concerning the relationship between legacy media and digital media. By analyzing representative survey data of adult Internet users in Germany collected in the collaborative research project “The Peoples’ Internet” (PIN), the present study examined media repertoires from a holistic perspective. Via factor and cluster analysis, we identified five distinct media repertoires that significantly differentiated in terms of age, gender and education. For the majority of the German population, legacy media still play a dominant role in everyday life. However, a group of young users mainly relies on a wide range of online media that has the potential to displace legacy media. But rather than expecting a pure displacement of legacy media or just an addition of online media to existing repertoires, our findings suggest to look closely into the specific combinations of ‘old’ and ‘new’ media that can be observed in different parts of the population.
{"title":"Combining Old and New : Patterns of Media Use across Legacy and Online Media in Germany","authors":"Julia Behre, Uwe Hasebrink, Sascha Hölig","doi":"10.26350/001200_000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000086","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of the Internet over the last decades, people have access to a wide variety of media content as never before, leading to multiple new media consumption practices. As people integrate new means of communication into their everyday lives, this necessarily leads to questions concerning the relationship between legacy media and digital media. By analyzing representative survey data of adult Internet users in Germany collected in the collaborative research project “The Peoples’ Internet” (PIN), the present study examined media repertoires from a holistic perspective. Via factor and cluster analysis, we identified five distinct media repertoires that significantly differentiated in terms of age, gender and education. For the majority of the German population, legacy media still play a dominant role in everyday life. However, a group of young users mainly relies on a wide range of online media that has the potential to displace legacy media. But rather than expecting a pure displacement of legacy media or just an addition of online media to existing repertoires, our findings suggest to look closely into the specific combinations of ‘old’ and ‘new’ media that can be observed in different parts of the population.","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90952963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During last decades, the presence of mass and pop culture through US politics has been increasingly spreading; and this phenomenon constitutes a very important expression of politainment processes. The article investigates one of those processes: the narrative and symbolic universes of superhero comics and science-fiction (especially those turned into a movie) during the Obama’s Administrations years. The analysis is focused on some characters and features: Superman, Batman and his enemy Joker, and Wonder Woman. Obama was the “Social media president”, and a politician inclined to pop politics and hybridization between politics and entertaiment’s genres (also for generational reasons). Similarly, Obama’s political marketing and spin doctoring often employed frames directly drawn out of comics and sci-fi imaginery. The comics’ characters selectioned in this article represent some of the most famous and popular superheroes, therefore well known not only by fans but the public opinion at large, belonging to the couple of main US publishers in that field: Dc Comics and Marvel. Focus, finally, is dedicated to ideological imaginery of the Star Wars saga, and its usages in American political struggle and debate. This work is interested in describing topics and icons coming from comics and sci-fi imaginery through propaganda and communication in establishment politics; at the same time, the article analyzes some case studies of antagonistic and “bottom-up” political practices. The article aims to identify the motivations why just superheroic imaginery (both in comics and in movies) became an important medium to represent leadership and political struggle metamorphosys during Obama’s years (and in postmodern America, at large).
{"title":"L’immaginario dei comics supereroici e del cinema di Sci-Fi nell’america obamiana: Un framing originale della comunicazione politica postmoderna","authors":"Massimiliano Panarari","doi":"10.26350/001200_000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26350/001200_000058","url":null,"abstract":"During last decades, the presence of mass and pop culture through US politics has been increasingly spreading; and this phenomenon constitutes a very important expression of politainment processes. The article investigates one of those processes: the narrative and symbolic universes of superhero comics and science-fiction (especially those turned into a movie) during the Obama’s Administrations years. The analysis is focused on some characters and features: Superman, Batman and his enemy Joker, and Wonder Woman. Obama was the “Social media president”, and a politician inclined to pop politics and hybridization between politics and entertaiment’s genres (also for generational reasons). Similarly, Obama’s political marketing and spin doctoring often employed frames directly drawn out of comics and sci-fi imaginery. The comics’ characters selectioned in this article represent some of the most famous and popular superheroes, therefore well known not only by fans but the public opinion at large, belonging to the couple of main US publishers in that field: Dc Comics and Marvel. Focus, finally, is dedicated to ideological imaginery of the Star Wars saga, and its usages in American political struggle and debate. This work is interested in describing topics and icons coming from comics and sci-fi imaginery through propaganda and communication in establishment politics; at the same time, the article analyzes some case studies of antagonistic and “bottom-up” political practices. The article aims to identify the motivations why just superheroic imaginery (both in comics and in movies) became an important medium to represent leadership and political struggle metamorphosys during Obama’s years (and in postmodern America, at large).","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89482852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7374
Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos Santos, Nawaz Ahmad
espanolLa crisis de alto riesgo a partir de 2007 y la disponibilidad de noticias gratuitas en Internet llevaron a una disminucion drastica del periodismo de investigacion en Portugal. El crowdfunding podria ser una alternativa a los modelos tradicionales de financiamiento del periodismo de investigacion. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el uso del crowdfunding para financiar el periodismo de investigacion en ese pais. La metodologia utilizada es exploratoria. Los principales resultados confirman las bajas habilidades empresariales de los periodistas. Sugerimos la inclusion futura de disciplinas en economia y emprendimiento en los grados academicos en Portugal para superar este problema. EnglishThe subprime crisis from 2007 and the availability of free news on the Internet led to a drastic decrease of investigative journalism in Portugal. Crowdfunding could be an alternative to traditional models of financing investigative journalism. The present paper aims to analyze the crowdfunding for financing investigative journalism in that country. The methodology used is exploratory. The main results confirm the low entrepreneurial skills of journalists. We suggest the future inclusion of courses in economics and entrepreneurship in the academic degrees in Portugal to overcome this problem.
{"title":"Crowdfunding as an Alternative for Developing Investigative Journalism: A baseline analysis of the education sector in Portugal","authors":"Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos Santos, Nawaz Ahmad","doi":"10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7374","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa crisis de alto riesgo a partir de 2007 y la disponibilidad de noticias gratuitas en Internet llevaron a una disminucion drastica del periodismo de investigacion en Portugal. El crowdfunding podria ser una alternativa a los modelos tradicionales de financiamiento del periodismo de investigacion. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el uso del crowdfunding para financiar el periodismo de investigacion en ese pais. La metodologia utilizada es exploratoria. Los principales resultados confirman las bajas habilidades empresariales de los periodistas. Sugerimos la inclusion futura de disciplinas en economia y emprendimiento en los grados academicos en Portugal para superar este problema. EnglishThe subprime crisis from 2007 and the availability of free news on the Internet led to a drastic decrease of investigative journalism in Portugal. Crowdfunding could be an alternative to traditional models of financing investigative journalism. The present paper aims to analyze the crowdfunding for financing investigative journalism in that country. The methodology used is exploratory. The main results confirm the low entrepreneurial skills of journalists. We suggest the future inclusion of courses in economics and entrepreneurship in the academic degrees in Portugal to overcome this problem.","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90217211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7314
I. Bachmann, Constanza Mujica
Exemplification is crucial for people’s perception of the world and is common in mass media. Exemplars in news stories, however, are not necessarily accurate and could mislead audiences. This study relies on a content analysis to examine the extent of particular case reporting in a Chilean newspaper sample covering 25 years (1991-2015). Results show that particular cases (or exemplars) are widespread in the Chilean press, with a steady increase over the years.
{"title":"The parts and the whole of the story: Exemplars as argumentative strategy in Chilean news","authors":"I. Bachmann, Constanza Mujica","doi":"10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7314","url":null,"abstract":"Exemplification is crucial for people’s perception of the world and is common in mass media. Exemplars in news stories, however, are not necessarily accurate and could mislead audiences. This study relies on a content analysis to examine the extent of particular case reporting in a Chilean newspaper sample covering 25 years (1991-2015). Results show that particular cases (or exemplars) are widespread in the Chilean press, with a steady increase over the years.","PeriodicalId":35210,"journal":{"name":"Comunicacion y Sociedad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91180187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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