Pub Date : 2019-07-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3156
{"title":"Our Role and Responsibility towards Protecting the Environment: A quantitative study on the relationship among Individual’s Environmental Attitude, Pro-Environmental Behavior and Performance","authors":"","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3153
J. K. Aderibigbe
The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurship risk perceptions and entrepreneurship risk aversion with a sample of 366 male and female university students in South Africa, using survey research design, and a structured validated questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship risk aversion. There is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship risk perceptions and aversion. However, there is no significant relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship risk perceptions. The findings are valuable to policy makers and professionals in promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship among the youth. *Address forcorrespondence: Dr. John K. Aderibigbe INTRODUCTION The need to produce more university graduates that are self-reliant, business oriented, and driven by a high sense of responsibility to society and the nation at large, creates the necessity to incorporate entrepreneurship studies into the tertiary education’s curriculum (Zhang et al. 2014). Despite the fact that entrepreneurship studies are now offered in some South African universities as part of the curriculum, it is evident that the practice of entrepreneurship by the youth, especially among the university students in South-Africa, is still at the infant stage (Herrington and Kew 2016). Many previously conducted studies in the area of student entrepreneurship interest focused on the developed countries (Gnoth 2006; Guerrero et al. 2008; Sandhu et al. 2011). Specifically, only a few entrepreneurship investigations have recently been conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Ngorora and Mago 2018; Kanonuhwa and Chimucheka 2016). This study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurship risk perceptions and entrepreneurship risk aversion among some university students in South Africa. Entrepreneurship is a process by which a business opportunity can be perceived and evaluated (Sen et al. 2018). Entrepreneurial intention refers to the determination and eagerness of a person to undertake a new business (Amanamah et al. 2018). Entrepreneurship risk perception is defined as a decision making assessment of the risk inherent in a business venture (Boermans and Willebrands 2017), while entrepreneurial risk aversive persons is described as individuals who have the tendency to feel the pain of a business loss more intensively than the pleasure of an equal-sized business gain. Allah and Nakhaie (2011) described four types of entrepreneurship risks as follows: financial risk, job risk, social and family risks. Fedáková et al. (2018) conducted an investigation on the relationship between entrepreneurial risk perception and entrepreneurial intention using a sample of 413 employed and unemployed individuals. The find
{"title":"South African University Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention as a Correlate of Entrepreneurship Risk Perceptions and Aversion","authors":"J. K. Aderibigbe","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3153","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurship risk perceptions and entrepreneurship risk aversion with a sample of 366 male and female university students in South Africa, using survey research design, and a structured validated questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship risk aversion. There is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship risk perceptions and aversion. However, there is no significant relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship risk perceptions. The findings are valuable to policy makers and professionals in promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship among the youth. *Address forcorrespondence: Dr. John K. Aderibigbe INTRODUCTION The need to produce more university graduates that are self-reliant, business oriented, and driven by a high sense of responsibility to society and the nation at large, creates the necessity to incorporate entrepreneurship studies into the tertiary education’s curriculum (Zhang et al. 2014). Despite the fact that entrepreneurship studies are now offered in some South African universities as part of the curriculum, it is evident that the practice of entrepreneurship by the youth, especially among the university students in South-Africa, is still at the infant stage (Herrington and Kew 2016). Many previously conducted studies in the area of student entrepreneurship interest focused on the developed countries (Gnoth 2006; Guerrero et al. 2008; Sandhu et al. 2011). Specifically, only a few entrepreneurship investigations have recently been conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Ngorora and Mago 2018; Kanonuhwa and Chimucheka 2016). This study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurship risk perceptions and entrepreneurship risk aversion among some university students in South Africa. Entrepreneurship is a process by which a business opportunity can be perceived and evaluated (Sen et al. 2018). Entrepreneurial intention refers to the determination and eagerness of a person to undertake a new business (Amanamah et al. 2018). Entrepreneurship risk perception is defined as a decision making assessment of the risk inherent in a business venture (Boermans and Willebrands 2017), while entrepreneurial risk aversive persons is described as individuals who have the tendency to feel the pain of a business loss more intensively than the pleasure of an equal-sized business gain. Allah and Nakhaie (2011) described four types of entrepreneurship risks as follows: financial risk, job risk, social and family risks. Fedáková et al. (2018) conducted an investigation on the relationship between entrepreneurial risk perception and entrepreneurial intention using a sample of 413 employed and unemployed individuals. The find","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43873969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3154
Ndume Vitalis
{"title":"Value Management and Organizational Performance: A Case of Selected Manufacturing Firms in South-East, Nigeria","authors":"Ndume Vitalis","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43439049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3152
T. A. Olatoye
Vegetation forms a fundamental proportion of resources used to determine the potential of the land on which they are sustained, unfortunately, urbanization has altered ecological systems and coastal vegetation environments all over the world, and the conservation of the endangered resource is still a serious challenge. Further, urbanization around the coastal vegetation environments is expanding at unprecedented rate, and this has resulted into more people relocating to these areas. For example, urban expansion reduces coastal vegetation, soil moisture and quality, and invariably results in poverty. From the foregoing, there is need for constant monitoring of endangered coastal ecosystems. Therefore, this paper appraises the impact, relevance perspectives threats, and challenges of coastal vegetation resources on account of urban expansion. Also, major advances and key issues relating to coastal vegetation management, as well as recommendations are discussed so as to help move the field forward. Address for correspondence: Dr. Tolulope Ayodeji Olatoye Department of Geography & Environmental Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa E-mail: , <201615087@ufh.ac.za> INTRODUCTION Coastal vegetation is core in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity enhancement (Brockerhoff 2017). These ecological systems rank amongst the most significant worldwide, providing several ecosystem goods and services which are central to the welfare of mankind (Adekola and Mitchell 2011), and these include the protection of the coastal ecosystem , improvement of water quality, biodiversity support, fishery nurseries, etc. Further, CVEs provide ecosystem services which relate to local climate mitigation, regulation and adaptation, food security (such as habitat provision, food supply and nurseries for seedlings and fisheries), occupational security, and an array of social/traditional benefits, scientific knowledge, ecotourism, recreation, as well as the preservation/development of spiritual and cultural values. Inspite of all these merits derived from coastal vegetation environments, ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, which greatly undermines the life’s foundations is the abysmal phenomenon is experienced in CVEs (UNDP 2012). A great challenge to humanity, most especially the world’s poor is the loss of biodiversity and ecosystems. It is stated in literature that over 1.1 billion humans live on less than US$ 1 daily (UNSDSN 2013; FAO 2017), and they hinge directly on coastal vegetation environments for their feeding, energy needs, shelter and medical requirements, as well as ecosystem goods and services so as to sustain their livelihood (Rego 2018). Consequently, at present, over fifty percent of the world’s population (that is over 3 billion inhabitants) reside around 100 km radius of a coast, which is less than 20 percent of all landmass (UNEP 2016). Also, it is assessed that over 450 million people live around th
{"title":"Exploratory Review of Urban Expansion, Coastal Vegetation Environments (CVEs) and the Paradox of Sustainability","authors":"T. A. Olatoye","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3152","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation forms a fundamental proportion of resources used to determine the potential of the land on which they are sustained, unfortunately, urbanization has altered ecological systems and coastal vegetation environments all over the world, and the conservation of the endangered resource is still a serious challenge. Further, urbanization around the coastal vegetation environments is expanding at unprecedented rate, and this has resulted into more people relocating to these areas. For example, urban expansion reduces coastal vegetation, soil moisture and quality, and invariably results in poverty. From the foregoing, there is need for constant monitoring of endangered coastal ecosystems. Therefore, this paper appraises the impact, relevance perspectives threats, and challenges of coastal vegetation resources on account of urban expansion. Also, major advances and key issues relating to coastal vegetation management, as well as recommendations are discussed so as to help move the field forward. Address for correspondence: Dr. Tolulope Ayodeji Olatoye Department of Geography & Environmental Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa E-mail: , <201615087@ufh.ac.za> INTRODUCTION Coastal vegetation is core in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity enhancement (Brockerhoff 2017). These ecological systems rank amongst the most significant worldwide, providing several ecosystem goods and services which are central to the welfare of mankind (Adekola and Mitchell 2011), and these include the protection of the coastal ecosystem , improvement of water quality, biodiversity support, fishery nurseries, etc. Further, CVEs provide ecosystem services which relate to local climate mitigation, regulation and adaptation, food security (such as habitat provision, food supply and nurseries for seedlings and fisheries), occupational security, and an array of social/traditional benefits, scientific knowledge, ecotourism, recreation, as well as the preservation/development of spiritual and cultural values. Inspite of all these merits derived from coastal vegetation environments, ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, which greatly undermines the life’s foundations is the abysmal phenomenon is experienced in CVEs (UNDP 2012). A great challenge to humanity, most especially the world’s poor is the loss of biodiversity and ecosystems. It is stated in literature that over 1.1 billion humans live on less than US$ 1 daily (UNSDSN 2013; FAO 2017), and they hinge directly on coastal vegetation environments for their feeding, energy needs, shelter and medical requirements, as well as ecosystem goods and services so as to sustain their livelihood (Rego 2018). Consequently, at present, over fifty percent of the world’s population (that is over 3 billion inhabitants) reside around 100 km radius of a coast, which is less than 20 percent of all landmass (UNEP 2016). Also, it is assessed that over 450 million people live around th","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49265167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3092
Marongwe Newlin
{"title":"Sexual Harassment at a Growing Rural University in Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"Marongwe Newlin","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47722342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3149
T. A. Olatoye
This paper focused on the ecosystem functioning, goods, services and economic benefits in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) Eastern Cape, South Africa. Approval for this study was given by both the BCMM and the University of Fort Hare (with ethical clearance certificate number given as KUL011SOLA01). The analysis of results begin with the demographic characteristics of the study population (such as age, educational attainment and race), as well as other issues including the following: knowledge and benefits derived from CVEs, changes in features of coastal vegetation resources management and conservation, as well as the analysis of derivable services (such as provisioning, cultural and regulation services) in the study area. It presents the analysis of questionnaire results, which indicated that more males (122/48.2%) participated in the field exercise, while respondents that had the highest frequency in terms of age (that is, 36-40 years old respondents) were 97 (38.3%). As regards educational attainment, majority of the respondents, (that is, 117/46.1%) were university degree holders, and blacks were 172 (68.0%). This research also sought to know the respondents’ knowledge of coastal vegetation resources, as well as the benefits derivable from the study area, and these were categorized into three areas namely, raw materials (154/56.9%), medicinal purposes (159/62.8%) and economic benefits (161/63.4%). The results were further elucidated with bar graphs, pie charts, scatter diagrams, plates and tables. Address for correspondence: E-mail: olatoyetolu@gmail.com INTRODUCTION This study focused on the functioning, goods and services as well as the economic benefits from Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. In general ecosystems offer several environmental functions and services, such as biodiversity conservation (Mace et al. 2012; Bommarco et al. 2013; Breuste et al. 2013), carbon sequestration (Egoh et al. 2012; Reyers et al. 2012), defense against soil erosion (MendozaGonzález et al. 2012; Ninan 2012) and also, vegetation beautifies the environment (Reyers et al. 2012; Rao et al. 2015; FAO 2016), flood control (Sitas et al. 2014), desertification and water supply (Wangai et al. 2016; Turpie et al. 2017). This calls for continued research to be undertaken, monitoring, and protection to ensure ecosystem functioning and services which is fundamental in coastal green sustainability (Willemen et al. 2013; Cortinovis and Geneletti 2018). According to Bastian et al. (2012), there are two basic areas of ecosystem functioning, firstly are the functions which offer direct advantage to man and secondly the environment. These are those which uphold natural systems integrity in general and ecosystems in specificity (Cabello et al. 2012). Also, the classifications of functions (namely, information, habitat, production and regulation functions, (Egoh et al. 2012) was elucidated in this chapter. Also, the analysis of results were further illustrate
{"title":"Ecosystem Functioning, Goods, Services and Economic Benefits in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"T. A. Olatoye","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/67.1-3.3149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focused on the ecosystem functioning, goods, services and economic benefits in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) Eastern Cape, South Africa. Approval for this study was given by both the BCMM and the University of Fort Hare (with ethical clearance certificate number given as KUL011SOLA01). The analysis of results begin with the demographic characteristics of the study population (such as age, educational attainment and race), as well as other issues including the following: knowledge and benefits derived from CVEs, changes in features of coastal vegetation resources management and conservation, as well as the analysis of derivable services (such as provisioning, cultural and regulation services) in the study area. It presents the analysis of questionnaire results, which indicated that more males (122/48.2%) participated in the field exercise, while respondents that had the highest frequency in terms of age (that is, 36-40 years old respondents) were 97 (38.3%). As regards educational attainment, majority of the respondents, (that is, 117/46.1%) were university degree holders, and blacks were 172 (68.0%). This research also sought to know the respondents’ knowledge of coastal vegetation resources, as well as the benefits derivable from the study area, and these were categorized into three areas namely, raw materials (154/56.9%), medicinal purposes (159/62.8%) and economic benefits (161/63.4%). The results were further elucidated with bar graphs, pie charts, scatter diagrams, plates and tables. Address for correspondence: E-mail: olatoyetolu@gmail.com INTRODUCTION This study focused on the functioning, goods and services as well as the economic benefits from Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. In general ecosystems offer several environmental functions and services, such as biodiversity conservation (Mace et al. 2012; Bommarco et al. 2013; Breuste et al. 2013), carbon sequestration (Egoh et al. 2012; Reyers et al. 2012), defense against soil erosion (MendozaGonzález et al. 2012; Ninan 2012) and also, vegetation beautifies the environment (Reyers et al. 2012; Rao et al. 2015; FAO 2016), flood control (Sitas et al. 2014), desertification and water supply (Wangai et al. 2016; Turpie et al. 2017). This calls for continued research to be undertaken, monitoring, and protection to ensure ecosystem functioning and services which is fundamental in coastal green sustainability (Willemen et al. 2013; Cortinovis and Geneletti 2018). According to Bastian et al. (2012), there are two basic areas of ecosystem functioning, firstly are the functions which offer direct advantage to man and secondly the environment. These are those which uphold natural systems integrity in general and ecosystems in specificity (Cabello et al. 2012). Also, the classifications of functions (namely, information, habitat, production and regulation functions, (Egoh et al. 2012) was elucidated in this chapter. Also, the analysis of results were further illustrate","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42824717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3145
Dawood Ahmad
{"title":"Relationship of Self-esteem and Body Mass Index with Academic Performace of Postgraduate Students in Pakistan","authors":"Dawood Ahmad","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44711921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3146
Oladejo Abiodun Omotayo
{"title":"Multi-stakeholder Platforms and Drought Mitigation in South Africa","authors":"Oladejo Abiodun Omotayo","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41344855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/65.1-3.3134
A. Nomdo, T. Masiya, I. Khambule
In many developing countries, there is a continued decline in public participation at the local level which often results in poor service delivery and as a result, a rise in protests. South Africa has experienced a sharp increase in service delivery protests in the last decade. One of the reasons advanced is that existing constitutional spaces of democracy do not seem to facilitate effective local participation. Consequently, there is a need to investigate potential mechanisms to enhance local participation because it is believed to contribute towards improved service delivery. This study responds to the following question: What challenges inhibit existing spaces of participation? How can these identified spaces be improved? The study draws data from existing literature and local government documents on South Africa. It concludes that there is a need to improve existing spaces of local participation, which would improve service delivery. Address for correspondence: Dr Tyanai Masiya School of Public Management and Administration, University of Pretoria, Cnr Lynnwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa E-mail: masiya.masiya@up.ac.za INTRODUCTION Since the 1994 democratic elections, the primary project the South African government undertook was to provide services to the neglected masses as a result of spatial planning by the former apartheid regime. In practice, such redress is complex, and the basic needs of the citizenry can easily be disregarded. The decentralisation process that the country embarked on, offered local governments an opportunity to become central places of service delivery, bequeathed with autonomy as well as legislative and administrative authority (Koelble and Siddle 2014; Mokgopo 2017). The Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (2016), notes that local government is the key site of delivery and development and is central to the entire South African transformative project. The reason is that local government is in close proximity to the citizens and engages directly with communities, promotes democracy and tends to immediate needs (Tshoose 2015). Despite local government being central to service delivery, the rise in protests in the last decade signify the failure and in part, limitations of the existing spaces of participation (Mathekga and Buccus 2006; Bradlow et al. 2011). Protests over basic services have been on the rise in the last decade with Gauteng, the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and the North West province accounting for the majority of the service delivery protests (Chigwata et al. 2017; Jordaan 2017). In many instances the protests have degenerated into violent confrontations because local authorities tend to ignore voices which they perceive to be politically weak and illegitimate (Skenjana and Kimemi 2011). Therefore it is important to question why citizens prefer protests instead of formal invited channels of local participation. This paper argues that reasons for such acti
{"title":"A Review of Spaces of Local Participation to Promote Service Delivery in South Africa","authors":"A. Nomdo, T. Masiya, I. Khambule","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/65.1-3.3134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/65.1-3.3134","url":null,"abstract":"In many developing countries, there is a continued decline in public participation at the local level which often results in poor service delivery and as a result, a rise in protests. South Africa has experienced a sharp increase in service delivery protests in the last decade. One of the reasons advanced is that existing constitutional spaces of democracy do not seem to facilitate effective local participation. Consequently, there is a need to investigate potential mechanisms to enhance local participation because it is believed to contribute towards improved service delivery. This study responds to the following question: What challenges inhibit existing spaces of participation? How can these identified spaces be improved? The study draws data from existing literature and local government documents on South Africa. It concludes that there is a need to improve existing spaces of local participation, which would improve service delivery. Address for correspondence: Dr Tyanai Masiya School of Public Management and Administration, University of Pretoria, Cnr Lynnwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa E-mail: masiya.masiya@up.ac.za INTRODUCTION Since the 1994 democratic elections, the primary project the South African government undertook was to provide services to the neglected masses as a result of spatial planning by the former apartheid regime. In practice, such redress is complex, and the basic needs of the citizenry can easily be disregarded. The decentralisation process that the country embarked on, offered local governments an opportunity to become central places of service delivery, bequeathed with autonomy as well as legislative and administrative authority (Koelble and Siddle 2014; Mokgopo 2017). The Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (2016), notes that local government is the key site of delivery and development and is central to the entire South African transformative project. The reason is that local government is in close proximity to the citizens and engages directly with communities, promotes democracy and tends to immediate needs (Tshoose 2015). Despite local government being central to service delivery, the rise in protests in the last decade signify the failure and in part, limitations of the existing spaces of participation (Mathekga and Buccus 2006; Bradlow et al. 2011). Protests over basic services have been on the rise in the last decade with Gauteng, the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and the North West province accounting for the majority of the service delivery protests (Chigwata et al. 2017; Jordaan 2017). In many instances the protests have degenerated into violent confrontations because local authorities tend to ignore voices which they perceive to be politically weak and illegitimate (Skenjana and Kimemi 2011). Therefore it is important to question why citizens prefer protests instead of formal invited channels of local participation. This paper argues that reasons for such acti","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49576029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-08DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3151
{"title":"Agricultural Credit Effects on Smallholder Crop Farmers Input Utilisation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2019/66.1-3.3151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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