The present article addresses the process of assisted migration for agricultural purposes from Italy to Chile after World War II. Through the reconstruction of the history of three colonies (located in La Serena, Coquimbo, and Parral) and the analysis of a set of interviews conducted with settlers, it proposes an examination based on migration theories, identifying the “macro” factors that shaped these experiences of human mobility, as well as the “micro” elements that played a role in individual migration decisions. It is concluded that structural factors such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access to land were fundamental in generating the political will to implement assisted migration. Additionally, individual and family motivations were driven not only by economic reasons but also by the desire to improve their overall quality of life.
{"title":"La migración asistida de italianos hacia Chile: una lectura desde las teorías migratorias","authors":"Stefano Micheletti","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2615","url":null,"abstract":"The present article addresses the process of assisted migration for agricultural purposes from Italy to Chile after World War II. Through the reconstruction of the history of three colonies (located in La Serena, Coquimbo, and Parral) and the analysis of a set of interviews conducted with settlers, it proposes an examination based on migration theories, identifying the “macro” factors that shaped these experiences of human mobility, as well as the “micro” elements that played a role in individual migration decisions. It is concluded that structural factors such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access to land were fundamental in generating the political will to implement assisted migration. Additionally, individual and family motivations were driven not only by economic reasons but also by the desire to improve their overall quality of life.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45459245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine Acuña-Choque, Benjamin Bazan-Joaquin, E. Malvaceda-Espinoza, Iris Rubí Monroy-Velasco
This article aims to understand the social representations of migration among Venezuelan immigrants residing in Metropolitan Lima during 2018. Using a phenomenological design, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted, and a hybrid content analysis was performed. Several emerging categories were identified, including motives (primarily political and economic) for migration and its personal, psychosocial, and familial consequences. Regarding the decision-making process, the journey, and limitations for emigration from Venezuela to Peru were evidenced. Additionally, the study revealed an empathetic attitude among migrants, demonstrated through their assistance, concern, and suggestions for improving the situation of migrants. In conclusion, the social representations of migration are shaped by motives, consequences, the decision-making process, and the empathetic attitude, all of which are influenced by the social, cultural, and political characteristics of the receiving country.
{"title":"Representaciones sociales sobre la migración en inmigrantes venezolanos residentes en Lima Metropolitana, Perú","authors":"Katherine Acuña-Choque, Benjamin Bazan-Joaquin, E. Malvaceda-Espinoza, Iris Rubí Monroy-Velasco","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2568","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to understand the social representations of migration among Venezuelan immigrants residing in Metropolitan Lima during 2018. Using a phenomenological design, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted, and a hybrid content analysis was performed. Several emerging categories were identified, including motives (primarily political and economic) for migration and its personal, psychosocial, and familial consequences. Regarding the decision-making process, the journey, and limitations for emigration from Venezuela to Peru were evidenced. Additionally, the study revealed an empathetic attitude among migrants, demonstrated through their assistance, concern, and suggestions for improving the situation of migrants. In conclusion, the social representations of migration are shaped by motives, consequences, the decision-making process, and the empathetic attitude, all of which are influenced by the social, cultural, and political characteristics of the receiving country.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Teresa Palacios Sanabria, Laly Catalina Peralta González
En el artículo se analiza la relación entre dos de las realidades más complejas que enfrenta Colombia en la actualidad: la implementación del Acuerdo Final de 2016 para poner término al conflicto armado, y las olas migratorias provenientes de Venezuela y de otros países de la región. A través de una investigación cualitativa, fundamentada en el análisis de fuentes documentales en contraste con entrevistas semiestructuradas, se concluye que la presencia de la población inmigrante en el territorio estudiado no incrementa la criminalidad de la zona, por el contrario, se evidencia que los migrantes son sujetos altamente vulnerables. El análisis de dichas realidades permite establecer sinergias que orienten a la política pública desde un enfoque de derechos humanos.
{"title":"Migración y posacuerdo: desafíos del Estado colombiano","authors":"María Teresa Palacios Sanabria, Laly Catalina Peralta González","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2580","url":null,"abstract":"En el artículo se analiza la relación entre dos de las realidades más complejas que enfrenta Colombia en la actualidad: la implementación del Acuerdo Final de 2016 para poner término al conflicto armado, y las olas migratorias provenientes de Venezuela y de otros países de la región. A través de una investigación cualitativa, fundamentada en el análisis de fuentes documentales en contraste con entrevistas semiestructuradas, se concluye que la presencia de la población inmigrante en el territorio estudiado no incrementa la criminalidad de la zona, por el contrario, se evidencia que los migrantes son sujetos altamente vulnerables. El análisis de dichas realidades permite establecer sinergias que orienten a la política pública desde un enfoque de derechos humanos.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45556626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ariany da Silva Villar, Dariela Lea Sharim Kovalskys
This paper discusses the subjective identity processes produced in the transnational migration experience through the concept of interstitial identities. To illustrate the uses of this concept, a case built from life stories, in-depth interviews, and photo stories is analyzed. Thus, Maria is identified, a skilled Brazilian immigrant in Santiago de Chile, who chooses to descend from the upper to low socioeconomic class in the destination country to construct herself as the subject of her history. In addition, it reflects on the processuality of their identities and on the identity negotiations that she establishes in the interstice between different cultural configurations she relates transnationally, in which gender and class are relevant categories. Finally, it is concluded that thinking about the migratory experience from interstitial identities does not allow to build identity typologies but to explore the articulations between subject and culture in migration.
{"title":"Transitar los intersticios: entendiendo procesos identitarios transnacionales desde el caso de una mujer inmigrante brasileña en Santiago","authors":"Ariany da Silva Villar, Dariela Lea Sharim Kovalskys","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2622","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the subjective identity processes produced in the transnational migration experience through the concept of interstitial identities. To illustrate the uses of this concept, a case built from life stories, in-depth interviews, and photo stories is analyzed. Thus, Maria is identified, a skilled Brazilian immigrant in Santiago de Chile, who chooses to descend from the upper to low socioeconomic class in the destination country to construct herself as the subject of her history. In addition, it reflects on the processuality of their identities and on the identity negotiations that she establishes in the interstice between different cultural configurations she relates transnationally, in which gender and class are relevant categories. Finally, it is concluded that thinking about the migratory experience from interstitial identities does not allow to build identity typologies but to explore the articulations between subject and culture in migration.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43378003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses the treatment that International Labour Organization (ILO) gave to international migration in Latin America—between 1930 and 1960—at the American Labor Conferences. Based on a qualitative methodology, a documentary corpus consisting of memories, statements, and reports produced in the context of the conferences held by the organization was constructed and analyzed. This document aims to contribute to the scarce existing academic production about the treatment that migrations received during the period in question by international organizations. It also shows how the possibility of regulating migration at the regional level was established on the ILO agenda. The article concludes that this agenda, marked by utilitarian thinking schemes on migration, is a laboratory for the incipient promotion of measures aimed at the denationalization of migration policies.
{"title":"La OIT en Latinoamérica: laboratorio para una regulación internacional y ordenada de las migraciones (1936-1966)","authors":"A. Pereira, Angélica Alvites Baiadera","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2556","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the treatment that International Labour Organization (ILO) gave to international migration in Latin America—between 1930 and 1960—at the American Labor Conferences. Based on a qualitative methodology, a documentary corpus consisting of memories, statements, and reports produced in the context of the conferences held by the organization was constructed and analyzed. This document aims to contribute to the scarce existing academic production about the treatment that migrations received during the period in question by international organizations. It also shows how the possibility of regulating migration at the regional level was established on the ILO agenda. The article concludes that this agenda, marked by utilitarian thinking schemes on migration, is a laboratory for the incipient promotion of measures aimed at the denationalization of migration policies.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within a global context, the increase in migrations in different regions of the world during this century has led to an increase in academic production on migration. The aim of this article is to analyze the autonomy of migration from the approaches of two of its greatest exponents, Mezzadra and De Genova, who investigate migration’s political condition, addressing the relationships of mutual influence between migrants, borders, and the State. The contribution of this paper is to show how this theoretical approach focuses on two fundamental processes to understand migration. On the one hand, it refers to the actions, strategies, and practices of those involved in shaping cross-border migration. On the other hand, it considers the role of States and borders as legal-political and historical constructs in shaping international (often irregular) migratory flows.
{"title":"Autonomía de las migraciones: de la producción política de fronteras a las luchas migrantes","authors":"Guillermo Castillo Ramírez","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2573","url":null,"abstract":"Within a global context, the increase in migrations in different regions of the world during this century has led to an increase in academic production on migration. The aim of this article is to analyze the autonomy of migration from the approaches of two of its greatest exponents, Mezzadra and De Genova, who investigate migration’s political condition, addressing the relationships of mutual influence between migrants, borders, and the State. The contribution of this paper is to show how this theoretical approach focuses on two fundamental processes to understand migration. On the one hand, it refers to the actions, strategies, and practices of those involved in shaping cross-border migration. On the other hand, it considers the role of States and borders as legal-political and historical constructs in shaping international (often irregular) migratory flows.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As migration of university-educated Mexicans to both the United States and Canada has begun to increase, the greater opportunities Canada’s expanding points-based selection system offers for the highly skilled to become permanent residents highlights a question: which factors may induce high-skilled Mexicans to prefer Canadian destinations versus American? Using traditional migration theories to frame interviews with a volunteer sample of 40 young university-educated Mexicans, this study confirms that reasons of proximity, climate, and culture often favor American destinations, while reasons of social acceptance, social welfare, and personal security favor Canadian. Importantly, urban-specific preferences matter. Those factors favoring U.S. destinations in general lead many to prefer southern-tier U.S. cities traditional for less-skilled Mexican migration. Those considering northern U.S. cities often prefer a Canadian choice. Canadian competitiveness in the northern urban market suggests that increased awareness of Canadian immigration opportunities could significantly boost skilled Mexican migration to Canada.
{"title":"Growth in High-Skilled Mexican Migration Northward: American and Canadian Destinations","authors":"J. Reitz, Melissa Hernández Jasso","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2593","url":null,"abstract":"As migration of university-educated Mexicans to both the United States and Canada has begun to increase, the greater opportunities Canada’s expanding points-based selection system offers for the highly skilled to become permanent residents highlights a question: which factors may induce high-skilled Mexicans to prefer Canadian destinations versus American? Using traditional migration theories to frame interviews with a volunteer sample of 40 young university-educated Mexicans, this study confirms that reasons of proximity, climate, and culture often favor American destinations, while reasons of social acceptance, social welfare, and personal security favor Canadian. Importantly, urban-specific preferences matter. Those factors favoring U.S. destinations in general lead many to prefer southern-tier U.S. cities traditional for less-skilled Mexican migration. Those considering northern U.S. cities often prefer a Canadian choice. Canadian competitiveness in the northern urban market suggests that increased awareness of Canadian immigration opportunities could significantly boost skilled Mexican migration to Canada.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43673065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work aims to show how the border between Norte de Santander (Colombia) and the state of Táchira (Venezuela) has been consolidated in the last decade as a disappearance device from a practice that has been called cross-border enforced disappearance. The article develops a contextualization of the economic and violent dynamics that are registered in this territory, which have facilitated the consolidation of this crime. From the analysis of 43 files of reported cases of these disappearances, it is possible to establish their characterization, delimit the actors (victims and perpetrators), and define the intentions circumscribed to this practice. In this way, a dimension is identified that stands out from the conceptual categories of the original disappearance and that exacerbates the violation of the victims by hindering the conditions of the search for truth, justice, and reparation for their families.
{"title":"Las fronteras como dispositivos de desaparición. Una mirada a las desapariciones forzadas transfronterizas entre Colombia y Venezuela","authors":"Sandra Milena Páez Meza, Sandra Eliana Patiño Idárraga, Erika Alejandra Maldonado Estévez","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2585","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to show how the border between Norte de Santander (Colombia) and the state of Táchira (Venezuela) has been consolidated in the last decade as a disappearance device from a practice that has been called cross-border enforced disappearance. The article develops a contextualization of the economic and violent dynamics that are registered in this territory, which have facilitated the consolidation of this crime. From the analysis of 43 files of reported cases of these disappearances, it is possible to establish their characterization, delimit the actors (victims and perpetrators), and define the intentions circumscribed to this practice. In this way, a dimension is identified that stands out from the conceptual categories of the original disappearance and that exacerbates the violation of the victims by hindering the conditions of the search for truth, justice, and reparation for their families.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world is aging as the population has fewer children and lives longer. This situation poses numerous challenges in several countries, not only to maintain stable population levels but also the standards of economic growth. In this context, migrations are presented as a possible solution by collaborating in maintaining welfare systems and vegetative balances of the increasingly aging countries. Argentina is no stranger to this reality. Projections show that the country has started to move towards this demographic scenario and that it will reach the end of the century seeing its population reduced. This article analyzes the country’s migration policies and some concrete measures that could strengthen the opportunities that migration presents in this demographic horizon.
{"title":"Proyecciones demográficas para Argentina como base para el diseño de la política migratoria","authors":"Agustín Mussini, P. Biderbost","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2621","url":null,"abstract":"The world is aging as the population has fewer children and lives longer. This situation poses numerous challenges in several countries, not only to maintain stable population levels but also the standards of economic growth. In this context, migrations are presented as a possible solution by collaborating in maintaining welfare systems and vegetative balances of the increasingly aging countries. Argentina is no stranger to this reality. Projections show that the country has started to move towards this demographic scenario and that it will reach the end of the century seeing its population reduced. This article analyzes the country’s migration policies and some concrete measures that could strengthen the opportunities that migration presents in this demographic horizon.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48549241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research is to update the map of migration routes in Mexico and determine the influential cities, risk zones, and the effects of the 2018 and 2019 caravans. The methodology includes the review of comprehensive documentation and the application of Graph Theory. There are 545 services for migrants (consulates, lodging places, canteens, dispensaries, religious centers, and legal support offices) with which a network of 183 nodes and 720 edges is built. Transit is ordered within a scheme of three interconnected blocks. The cities of Guadalajara, Mazatlán, Ixtepec, and Tenosique stand out as the most influential in the transit of migrants. Shorter routes to the United States always go through at least two danger zones. The results can be used for public policy design on security and information generation.
{"title":"Los caminos de migrantes que pasan por México: análisis desde la Teoría de Grafos","authors":"Luis Felipe Llanos Reynoso","doi":"10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2581","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to update the map of migration routes in Mexico and determine the influential cities, risk zones, and the effects of the 2018 and 2019 caravans. The methodology includes the review of comprehensive documentation and the application of Graph Theory. There are 545 services for migrants (consulates, lodging places, canteens, dispensaries, religious centers, and legal support offices) with which a network of 183 nodes and 720 edges is built. Transit is ordered within a scheme of three interconnected blocks. The cities of Guadalajara, Mazatlán, Ixtepec, and Tenosique stand out as the most influential in the transit of migrants. Shorter routes to the United States always go through at least two danger zones. The results can be used for public policy design on security and information generation.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47052398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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