Thisarticle analyzes the experience narrated by young migrant returnees and deportees from the United States, settled in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Based ontheirexperience, we discuss the explanatory limits of the perspectives of transnationalism and return migration. The cases analyzed allow us to determinethat when migrating from North to South,young people undergo an adaptation process supported by family networksthat nonetheless constitutea double-edged sword: while facilitating their integration in Mexico, family membersalso provide their first encounter withdiscrimination, which theywill later experience in other contexts. Although initially,young people forced toreturn find themselves caged in by these intangible resources, they also overcome them by expanding their identity repertoires and reconstructingtheir sense of belonging to Mexico. This workseeksto highlight the need to develop a research agenda focused on young migrants, to whom it is difficult to extrapolate existing analytical perspectives.
{"title":"¿Las raíces en el lado equivocado de sus vidas? Jóvenes retornados y deportados desde Estados Unidos a Guanajuato","authors":"Ana Vila-Freyer","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2295","url":null,"abstract":"Thisarticle analyzes the experience narrated by young migrant returnees and deportees from the United States, settled in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Based ontheirexperience, we discuss the explanatory limits of the perspectives of transnationalism and return migration. The cases analyzed allow us to determinethat when migrating from North to South,young people undergo an adaptation process supported by family networksthat nonetheless constitutea double-edged sword: while facilitating their integration in Mexico, family membersalso provide their first encounter withdiscrimination, which theywill later experience in other contexts. Although initially,young people forced toreturn find themselves caged in by these intangible resources, they also overcome them by expanding their identity repertoires and reconstructingtheir sense of belonging to Mexico. This workseeksto highlight the need to develop a research agenda focused on young migrants, to whom it is difficult to extrapolate existing analytical perspectives.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43496224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aimsto analyze the extent to which the right to education of immigrant and returned children from the United States to Oaxaca, Mexico,is guaranteedafter the Trump administration increased containment of immigration policies with significantrepercussions for adult Mexicans and their offspring. A qualitative methodology integrated by ethnographic observation techniques with and without participation, interviews, discussion groups,and documentary analysis has been used. The main findings show that the infringement of the children’sright to education increases their vulnerability with a decisive impacton their educational, social,and labor present and future. The originality of the study lies in the approach to the consequences of return onchildhoodand their right to education in the state of Oaxaca, not attended enough by migratory studies, which is also a contribution.
{"title":"Niñez, migración y derecho a la educación. Vulnerabilidades y consecuencias en la movilidad Estados Unidos-Oaxaca, México","authors":"M. Rodríguez-Cruz","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2343","url":null,"abstract":"This article aimsto analyze the extent to which the right to education of immigrant and returned children from the United States to Oaxaca, Mexico,is guaranteedafter the Trump administration increased containment of immigration policies with significantrepercussions for adult Mexicans and their offspring. A qualitative methodology integrated by ethnographic observation techniques with and without participation, interviews, discussion groups,and documentary analysis has been used. The main findings show that the infringement of the children’sright to education increases their vulnerability with a decisive impacton their educational, social,and labor present and future. The originality of the study lies in the approach to the consequences of return onchildhoodand their right to education in the state of Oaxaca, not attended enough by migratory studies, which is also a contribution.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49448236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing role of labor migrationis one of the most notabletrendsininternational migrationflows.Thismigration has become an important factor ineconomic development and a source of the increasing interdependence of countries and regions intoday’sglobalizedworld. It impactsmigrants’ country of origin as well as the destination country, chiefly affecting human capital in both groups of nations.This article systematizesthe positive and negative effects of labor migration focusing on humancapitalwhile suggesting asystem of indicators characterizing such effects.Special attention is paid to the analysis of policies related to suchmigration. This study explains how countries of origin and destination must carry outeffective and fair managementof labor migrationto make the most of itsbenefits at an international level.
{"title":"The Impact of Labor Migration on Human Capital Development","authors":"Aleksandr Grebeniyk, I. Aleshkovski, A. Maksimova","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2190","url":null,"abstract":"The growing role of labor migrationis one of the most notabletrendsininternational migrationflows.Thismigration has become an important factor ineconomic development and a source of the increasing interdependence of countries and regions intoday’sglobalizedworld. It impactsmigrants’ country of origin as well as the destination country, chiefly affecting human capital in both groups of nations.This article systematizesthe positive and negative effects of labor migration focusing on humancapitalwhile suggesting asystem of indicators characterizing such effects.Special attention is paid to the analysis of policies related to suchmigration. This study explains how countries of origin and destination must carry outeffective and fair managementof labor migrationto make the most of itsbenefits at an international level.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48497409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to exploreTwitter content tofind out the confrontational structure of onlinepublic discourseduring the migrant caravan crisisof2018. To carry out this approach, anexploratory quantitative method was chosen to analyzea representative universe of the messages published on the platform from January1 to February 15, 2019. The findings indicate —among others—that the public discourse on the caravan is transnational, widely stimulated by the media,and for the most part, expresses neutral sentiment. However, the articulation of the media landscape and the rhetorical structure of the migrationcrisis seem to exhibit similarities and differences between countries of receiving tradition and transit. For thelatter, it is suggested to extendthe research to othertechnological means involved in the construction/deconstruction of the migratory narrative.
{"title":"Crisis de la caravana de migrantes: Algunas realidades sobre el discurso público en Twitter","authors":"Djamel Toudert","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2172","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to exploreTwitter content tofind out the confrontational structure of onlinepublic discourseduring the migrant caravan crisisof2018. To carry out this approach, anexploratory quantitative method was chosen to analyzea representative universe of the messages published on the platform from January1 to February 15, 2019. The findings indicate —among others—that the public discourse on the caravan is transnational, widely stimulated by the media,and for the most part, expresses neutral sentiment. However, the articulation of the media landscape and the rhetorical structure of the migrationcrisis seem to exhibit similarities and differences between countries of receiving tradition and transit. For thelatter, it is suggested to extendthe research to othertechnological means involved in the construction/deconstruction of the migratory narrative.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46914287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the relationship between the increase of violence in Mexico and the rising level of internal municipal emigration before, during, and after the so-called Mexican Drug War, which started in 2007. Through a linear regression and multinomial logistic models, it is shown that violence has had a positive and significant effect on the increase of internal emigration rates, particularly in municipalities with the highest internal emigration rates during the 2005-2010 period. In addition, the effect of violence tendsto be greater on female emigration rates compared to males. This indicates the increase of forced internal displacement in Mexico due to violence in recent years. However, more studies are needed to shed light on forced displacement and the effects of high violence levels on internal and international migration.
{"title":"Efectos de la violencia sobre las tasas de emigración interna municipal en México: 1995-2015","authors":"Óscar Rodríguez Chávez","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2045","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the relationship between the increase of violence in Mexico and the rising level of internal municipal emigration before, during, and after the so-called Mexican Drug War, which started in 2007. Through a linear regression and multinomial logistic models, it is shown that violence has had a positive and significant effect on the increase of internal emigration rates, particularly in municipalities with the highest internal emigration rates during the 2005-2010 period. In addition, the effect of violence tendsto be greater on female emigration rates compared to males. This indicates the increase of forced internal displacement in Mexico due to violence in recent years. However, more studies are needed to shed light on forced displacement and the effects of high violence levels on internal and international migration.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Navarro-Pérez, Á. Carbonell, Francisco Xavier Aguiar-Fernández
This article presents the perception of professional experts and adolescents from West Africa on their migration process and their passage through Spain as they head toward Europe. Its objectives are 1) identify the reasons to migrate, 2) analyze family’s influence on decision-making, and 3) point out the factors conditioning the migration process. Qualitative techniques such as a life story, a panel of professional experts, Delphi, and SWOT were used. The results further deepen into the scarcity of the families’ financial resources, the adult status that adolescents originally receive, low income, and low qualification as main motivationsfor migrating. In conclusion, thistype of migration isidentified and built on the same parameters as adults. Different perceptions were found between adolescents and professionals regarding remittances and family influence to migrate. As implications for the practice, it was identified the importance of specializing the protection system professionals who attend the needs of young migrants.
{"title":"Adolescentes del África Occidental: motivaciones y reflexiones del proceso migratorio. Un análisis comparado","authors":"J. Navarro-Pérez, Á. Carbonell, Francisco Xavier Aguiar-Fernández","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2075","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the perception of professional experts and adolescents from West Africa on their migration process and their passage through Spain as they head toward Europe. Its objectives are 1) identify the reasons to migrate, 2) analyze family’s influence on decision-making, and 3) point out the factors conditioning the migration process. Qualitative techniques such as a life story, a panel of professional experts, Delphi, and SWOT were used. The results further deepen into the scarcity of the families’ financial resources, the adult status that adolescents originally receive, low income, and low qualification as main motivationsfor migrating. In conclusion, thistype of migration isidentified and built on the same parameters as adults. Different perceptions were found between adolescents and professionals regarding remittances and family influence to migrate. As implications for the practice, it was identified the importance of specializing the protection system professionals who attend the needs of young migrants.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47541338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanette Liberona Concha, Carlos Piñones-Rivera, H. Alfonso
This article takes up the critical discussion that has taken place at an international level by considering people smuggling as a crime. It focuses on clandestine transit migration of Cubans to Chile, associated with the trafficking of migrants, the latter understood as forced migration. From a collaborative ethnographic follow-up, the experience of clandestine transit migration is collected while reconstructing the motives, routes, the lack of a coyote figure, the abuses, the risks, the crossing of Chilean borders, and the denial of refuge. It is concluded that emphasizing the voluntariness of being smuggled contributes to the irregularization of migrants, which is why we consider it necessary to stop perceiving this phenomenon from a criminal perspective and consider the density social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions of people smuggling.
{"title":"De la migración forzada al tráfico de migrantes: la migración clandestina en tránsito de Cuba hacia Chile","authors":"Nanette Liberona Concha, Carlos Piñones-Rivera, H. Alfonso","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.2319","url":null,"abstract":"This article takes up the critical discussion that has taken place at an international level by considering people smuggling as a crime. It focuses on clandestine transit migration of Cubans to Chile, associated with the trafficking of migrants, the latter understood as forced migration. From a collaborative ethnographic follow-up, the experience of clandestine transit migration is collected while reconstructing the motives, routes, the lack of a coyote figure, the abuses, the risks, the crossing of Chilean borders, and the denial of refuge. It is concluded that emphasizing the voluntariness of being smuggled contributes to the irregularization of migrants, which is why we consider it necessary to stop perceiving this phenomenon from a criminal perspective and consider the density social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions of people smuggling.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The migrant category is linked to the origin of the State as the predominant political unit in the world. This is because, as Abdelmalek Sayad (2008, 2010a) pointed out, without a State, there would be no migrants, as they exist as a political category, referring to the nationals of a State who cross the borders to settle (temporarily or permanently). This functional and historical connection has had a decisive impact at the epistemological level on the discipline of migration studies, where hegemonic paradigms have used analysis categories that not only reproduced the tate framework, but have replicated principles such as coloniality, aimed at legitimizing their control over this population. The objective of this article is to propose an analytical framework on migrations that, following Sayad’s (2010a) and Fanon’s (2009) postulates, breaks with state hegemony in the definition of human mobility to point out the possibility of constructing analyses, which in contrast to the predominant State-centric approaches,start from a migrantcentric epistemology.
{"title":"Liberar las migraciones: la contribución de Abdelmalek Sayad a una epistemología migrante-céntrica","authors":"Gennaro Avallone, Yoan Molinero Gerbeau","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.1949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.1949","url":null,"abstract":"The migrant category is linked to the origin of the State as the predominant political unit in the world. This is because, as Abdelmalek Sayad (2008, 2010a) pointed out, without a State, there would be no migrants, as they exist as a political category, referring to the nationals of a State who cross the borders to settle (temporarily or permanently). This functional and historical connection has had a decisive impact at the epistemological level on the discipline of migration studies, where hegemonic paradigms have used analysis categories that not only reproduced the tate framework, but have replicated principles such as coloniality, aimed at legitimizing their control over this population. The objective of this article is to propose an analytical framework on migrations that, following Sayad’s (2010a) and Fanon’s (2009) postulates, breaks with state hegemony in the definition of human mobility to point out the possibility of constructing analyses, which in contrast to the predominant State-centric approaches,start from a migrantcentric epistemology.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42431809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, the study of migrations in Mexico has awakened countless publications in different specialties as a country of transit, reception, expulsion, and return of migrants. This article focuses on the deportations of Mexicans from the United States, through the border cities, taking as the place of study the city of Reynosa, Tamaulipas. It also deals with the operating of two shelters that provide space and basic services for deportees for a short period, the Casa del Migrante Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe and Senda de Vida. Altogether, this will help to have a better understanding of the migratory phenomenon from social history in border regions that have had less prominence, but which are also important for the knowledge of our reality.
{"title":"La frontera de Reynosa y los albergues de acogida para migrantes mexicanos deportados. Un primer acercamiento","authors":"J. García, Karla Villarreal Sotelo, C. Orozco","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.1952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.1952","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the study of migrations in Mexico has awakened countless publications in different specialties as a country of transit, reception, expulsion, and return of migrants. This article focuses on the deportations of Mexicans from the United States, through the border cities, taking as the place of study the city of Reynosa, Tamaulipas. It also deals with the operating of two shelters that provide space and basic services for deportees for a short period, the Casa del Migrante Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe and Senda de Vida. Altogether, this will help to have a better understanding of the migratory phenomenon from social history in border regions that have had less prominence, but which are also important for the knowledge of our reality.","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46953836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the phenomenon of “localized transnationalism.” The concept refers to the prolonged and intense maintenance of cross-border connections by migrants whose capacity for geographic mobility is very limited. The study is based on ethnographic research which focused on Senegalese migrants in southern Spain. The results contribute to the debate on transnationalism by providing empirical evidence which demonstrates that migrants can engage in transnational practices even if they are excluded, due to administrative and economic obstacles, from transnational mobility.
{"title":"Transnacionalismo localizado: las paradojas de la migración en la era de la inmovilidad involuntaria","authors":"R. Sobczyk, Rosa María Soriano Miras, A. C. Calvo","doi":"10.33679/RMI.V1I1.1838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33679/RMI.V1I1.1838","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the phenomenon of “localized transnationalism.” The concept refers to the prolonged and intense maintenance of cross-border connections by migrants whose capacity for geographic mobility is very limited. The study is based on ethnographic research which focused on Senegalese migrants in southern Spain. The results contribute to the debate on transnationalism by providing empirical evidence which demonstrates that migrants can engage in transnational practices even if they are excluded, due to administrative and economic obstacles, from transnational mobility.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35224,"journal":{"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43515962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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