This article argues that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) deployed tourism as a key public relations strategy during preparations for Project Apollo. NASA appropriations hearings in 1963 catalysed a national debate over the tangible benefits and costs of sending Americans to the moon. American ambivalence towards the effort alarmed Democratic Representative Olin E. Teague of Texas, chairman of the powerful House Subcommittee on Manned Spaceflight, who understood the correlation between public opinion and congressional appropriations. Inspired by the crowds that congregated on the beaches outside Florida’s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for each crewed space launch, Teague proposed a tourism programme to encourage public support for NASA’s objectives. Public affairs officers facilitated these programmes at KSC, beginning with a modest information trailer in 1964 and culminating in a Visitor Information Center in 1967 that included an exhibition hall, outdoor displays and depot facilitating escorted bus tours. The space centre quickly became a popular attraction: however, a culture of racial discrimination and intimidation in Brevard County deterred African Americans from participating in space centre tourism. Public programming at KSC – an important legacy of Project Apollo that continues today – was not the panacea Teague and NASA hoped it would be.
本文认为，美国国家航空航天局(NASA)部署旅游作为一个关键的公共关系战略，在阿波罗计划的准备工作。1963年美国宇航局的拨款听证会引发了一场关于将美国人送上月球的实际收益和成本的全国性辩论。美国人对这项努力的矛盾态度震惊了德克萨斯州民主党众议员奥林·e·蒂格(Olin E. Teague)，他是众议院载人航天小组委员会(House Subcommittee on载人航天)的主席，他了解公众舆论与国会拨款之间的关系。每次载人航天发射时，聚集在佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心(KSC)外的海滩上的人群受到启发，蒂格提出了一个旅游项目，以鼓励公众支持美国宇航局的目标。公共事务官员在KSC促进了这些计划，从1964年的一个不起眼的宣传拖车开始，到1967年的一个游客信息中心，其中包括一个展览厅、户外展览和供陪同巴士游览的车站。航天中心很快成为一个受欢迎的景点:然而，布里瓦德县的种族歧视和恐吓文化使非裔美国人不敢参加航天中心旅游。KSC的公共项目——阿波罗计划的重要遗产，一直延续到今天——并不是Teague和NASA所希望的灵丹妙药。
{"title":"‘See your spaceport’: Project Apollo and the origins of Kennedy Space Center tourism, 1963–67","authors":"Emily A. Margolis","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00030_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00030_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) deployed tourism as a key public relations strategy during preparations for Project Apollo. NASA appropriations hearings in 1963 catalysed a national debate over the tangible benefits and costs of sending Americans to the moon. American ambivalence towards the effort alarmed Democratic Representative Olin E. Teague of Texas, chairman of the powerful House Subcommittee on Manned Spaceflight, who understood the correlation between public opinion and congressional appropriations. Inspired by the crowds that congregated on the beaches outside Florida’s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for each crewed space launch, Teague proposed a tourism programme to encourage public support for NASA’s objectives. Public affairs officers facilitated these programmes at KSC, beginning with a modest information trailer in 1964 and culminating in a Visitor Information Center in 1967 that included an exhibition hall, outdoor displays and depot facilitating escorted bus tours. The space centre quickly became a popular attraction: however, a culture of racial discrimination and intimidation in Brevard County deterred African Americans from participating in space centre tourism. Public programming at KSC – an important legacy of Project Apollo that continues today – was not the panacea Teague and NASA hoped it would be.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"249-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cape Canaveral, the site of the American space programme launch complex located on the coast of Central Florida, has both a deep history in technological innovation and has been the place for architecturally imagining the new frontier of civilization. The range and trajectory of this new extraterrestrial frontier today resides within this once remote wilderness at the ends of architecture – both at the ends of a disciplinary formation and the physical site that enables the departure from Earth. Cultural imaginaries, collective forms created by culture, such as images relating to the assumed efficiencies of space exploration, construct a political desire for departing the Earth, yet rely heavily on architectural and infrastructural devices that are soon left abandoned on our terrestrial surface. This article moves from the geographic space of the late nineteenth century to the celebrated technological objects of NASA’s Apollo 11 programme for reaching the moon. By tracking the range, escape and return of the Apollo programmes’ constructed environment, the American spaceport reveals an invisible wilderness as an architectural aesthetic formed out of the cultural imagination in the early twenty-first century.
{"title":"The American spaceport and the power of cultural imaginaries","authors":"Jeffrey S. Nesbit","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00033_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00033_1","url":null,"abstract":"Cape Canaveral, the site of the American space programme launch complex located on the coast of Central Florida, has both a deep history in technological innovation and has been the place for architecturally imagining the new frontier of civilization. The range and trajectory of this new extraterrestrial frontier today resides within this once remote wilderness at the ends of architecture – both at the ends of a disciplinary formation and the physical site that enables the departure from Earth. Cultural imaginaries, collective forms created by culture, such as images relating to the assumed efficiencies of space exploration, construct a political desire for departing the Earth, yet rely heavily on architectural and infrastructural devices that are soon left abandoned on our terrestrial surface. This article moves from the geographic space of the late nineteenth century to the celebrated technological objects of NASA’s Apollo 11 programme for reaching the moon. By tracking the range, escape and return of the Apollo programmes’ constructed environment, the American spaceport reveals an invisible wilderness as an architectural aesthetic formed out of the cultural imagination in the early twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"317-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Wills","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00028_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00028_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/ejac_00028_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44171891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the wake of the Apollo 8 mission on 21–27 December 1968, infamous atheist activist Madalyn Murray O’Hair threatened a lawsuit against the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). O’Hair, who had successfully fought against mandatory Bible reading and prayer in the public schools earlier in the decade, argued that NASA’s administrators knowingly violated the separation of church and state by allowing astronauts Frank Borman, William Anders and James Lovell to read from Genesis during their Christmas Eve broadcast from the moon’s orbit. The threat instantly garnered public attention due to O’Hair’s notoriety, particularly among evangelical Christians. Although the lawsuit was quietly dismissed a year later, letter-writing campaigns defending religious expression in outer space continued unabated, even after the last Apollo astronaut set foot on the moon’s surface in 1972. This article examines defences of prayer and Bible reading in outer space during the later Apollo missions from 1968 to 1976. It argues that these efforts reveal a favourable shift in evangelical attitudes towards the space programme – attitudes that were divided sharply prior to Apollo 8 were subsequently more unified as evangelicals combined the fight for prayer in outer space with other major battles over religious freedom. O’Hair’s lawsuit linked Apollo with evangelicals’ earthly concerns, prompting them to interpret American outer space exploration as an endeavour inextricably endowed with religious purpose. The emotional letters-of-thanks they penned and the strongly worded petitions protesting O’Hair they signed in the years following the Apollo 8 mission make a compelling case for incorporating the space programme more prominently into the broader historical discussion of evangelicalism in twentieth-century America.
{"title":"Prayers from on high: Religious expression in outer space during the Apollo era, 1968–76","authors":"K. Edwards","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00032_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00032_1","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of the Apollo 8 mission on 21–27 December 1968, infamous atheist activist Madalyn Murray O’Hair threatened a lawsuit against the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). O’Hair, who had successfully fought against mandatory Bible reading and prayer in the public schools earlier in the decade, argued that NASA’s administrators knowingly violated the separation of church and state by allowing astronauts Frank Borman, William Anders and James Lovell to read from Genesis during their Christmas Eve broadcast from the moon’s orbit. The threat instantly garnered public attention due to O’Hair’s notoriety, particularly among evangelical Christians. Although the lawsuit was quietly dismissed a year later, letter-writing campaigns defending religious expression in outer space continued unabated, even after the last Apollo astronaut set foot on the moon’s surface in 1972. This article examines defences of prayer and Bible reading in outer space during the later Apollo missions from 1968 to 1976. It argues that these efforts reveal a favourable shift in evangelical attitudes towards the space programme – attitudes that were divided sharply prior to Apollo 8 were subsequently more unified as evangelicals combined the fight for prayer in outer space with other major battles over religious freedom. O’Hair’s lawsuit linked Apollo with evangelicals’ earthly concerns, prompting them to interpret American outer space exploration as an endeavour inextricably endowed with religious purpose. The emotional letters-of-thanks they penned and the strongly worded petitions protesting O’Hair they signed in the years following the Apollo 8 mission make a compelling case for incorporating the space programme more prominently into the broader historical discussion of evangelicalism in twentieth-century America.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"297-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Black and Blur, Fred Moten (2017)Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 360 pp.,ISBN 978-0-82237-016-1, p/bk, $28.95Stolen Life, Fred Moten (2018)Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 336 pp.,ISBN 978-0-82237-058-1, p/bk, $27.95 The Universal Machine, Fred Moten (2019)Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 312 pp.,ISBN 978-0-82237-055-0, p/bk, $27.95
评审：black and blur, Fred Moten (2017) durham, NC and london: Duke University Press 360 pp. ISBN 978-0-82237-016-1, p/bk， $28.95 stolen Life, Fred Moten (2018) durham, NC and london: Duke University Press, 336 pp. ISBN 978-0-82237-058-1, p/bk， $27.95 The Universal Machine, Fred Moten (2019) durham, NC and london: Duke University Press, 312 pp. ISBN 978-0-82237-055-0, p/bk， $27.95
{"title":"Moten’s magical meditations: Black ontology and genealogies of hope","authors":"R. Wanzo","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00027_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00027_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Black and Blur, Fred Moten (2017)Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 360 pp.,ISBN 978-0-82237-016-1, p/bk, $28.95Stolen Life, Fred Moten (2018)Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 336 pp.,ISBN 978-0-82237-058-1,\u0000 p/bk, $27.95 The Universal Machine, Fred Moten (2019)Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 312 pp.,ISBN 978-0-82237-055-0, p/bk, $27.95","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44638442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ninety years ago, a group of twelve Southern intellectuals published I’ll Take My Stand, a manifesto dedicated to reviving Southern values and ideals in direct opposition to Northern industrialism and philosophy. Ever since 1930, the Southern Agrarians have been frequently presented as critics of modern life, but this kind of focus overshadows another way in which they were described in those early days: as neo-Confederates. The Agrarians’ ongoing and wide-ranging engagement with the Civil War ‐ especially in the work of Allen Tate and Donald Davidson ‐ was, I argue, hugely significant for the planning and writing of the manifesto. Examining the ways in which these writers used the war also shows how they sought to retard modernist progress, embrace failure as an element of Lost Cause ideology, and distort the temporal shape of Civil War memory. Furthermore, I show here how bound up in the manifesto and related writing by its contributors is a commitment to white supremacy and violence ‐ a kind of fanatical dedication that speaks to events in the United States today.
{"title":"Neo-Confederates take their stand: Southern Agrarians and the Civil War","authors":"Niall Munro","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00020_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00020_1","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety years ago, a group of twelve Southern intellectuals published I’ll Take My Stand, a manifesto dedicated to reviving Southern values and ideals in direct opposition to Northern industrialism and philosophy. Ever since 1930, the Southern Agrarians have been frequently\u0000 presented as critics of modern life, but this kind of focus overshadows another way in which they were described in those early days: as neo-Confederates. The Agrarians’ ongoing and wide-ranging engagement with the Civil War ‐ especially in the work of Allen Tate and Donald Davidson\u0000 ‐ was, I argue, hugely significant for the planning and writing of the manifesto. Examining the ways in which these writers used the war also shows how they sought to retard modernist progress, embrace failure as an element of Lost Cause ideology, and distort the temporal shape of Civil\u0000 War memory. Furthermore, I show here how bound up in the manifesto and related writing by its contributors is a commitment to white supremacy and violence ‐ a kind of fanatical dedication that speaks to events in the United States today.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43351238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the US presidential election of 2016, Donald Trump’s connection with his voters marked the history of American politics by electing a political outsider to the White House. Under a feminist scope, this article examines Donald Trump’s Twitter account. The central purpose of this article is threefold: first, to scrutinize Trump’s tweeting activity and his dissemination of hegemonic toxic masculinity through this platform; second, to assess the unfavourable representation of Hillary Clinton’s decentred femininity and third, to examine how Trump’s performative toxic masculinity immediately connected with his voters’ cultural capital via Twitter. Finally, through an analysis of the impact of Trump’s tweets on his followers, the findings from this study will highlight that Clinton’s decentred gender performativity and Trump’s shared capital with his voters may well have been a fundamental tenet of Donald Trump’s victory.
{"title":"Toxic masculinity in American politics: Donald Trump’s tweeting activity in the US presidential election (2016)","authors":"Margalida Pizarro-Sirera","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00021_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00021_1","url":null,"abstract":"In the US presidential election of 2016, Donald Trump’s connection with his voters marked the history of American politics by electing a political outsider to the White House. Under a feminist scope, this article examines Donald Trump’s Twitter account. The central purpose of this article is threefold: first, to scrutinize Trump’s tweeting activity and his dissemination of hegemonic toxic masculinity through this platform; second, to assess the unfavourable representation of Hillary Clinton’s decentred femininity and third, to examine how Trump’s performative toxic masculinity immediately connected with his voters’ cultural capital via Twitter. Finally, through an analysis of the impact of Trump’s tweets on his followers, the findings from this study will highlight that Clinton’s decentred gender performativity and Trump’s shared capital with his voters may well have been a fundamental tenet of Donald Trump’s victory.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"163-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46318053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses whether and to what extent the popular TV showThe Big Bang Theoryconveys anti-intellectual ideas. The starting point of my enquiry is the verbal behaviour of the ‘main nerd’ of this series, Sheldon Cooper, who is noteworthy for his lack of empathy and propriety. I aim to shed light on the kind of inappropriate verbal behaviour Sheldon displays by analysing a speech pattern this character is particularly bad at ‐ ‘white lies’, that is lies made out of consideration for other people’s feelings. By drawing on Immanuel Kant’s thoughts on civility in hisAnthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View(1798), I will detail the social implications of white lies and how Sheldon fails in employing them. Doing so will be helpful in establishing why Sheldon’s comments and behaviour appear as outlandish as they do. This in turn provides important insights into the way the televisual text ofThe Big Bang Theoryrelates with its audience and the social implications of this connection. I will conclude with the observation that the portrayal of Sheldon Cooper relies heavily on two kinds of stereotypes: anti-intellectual ones and those associated with the ‘nerd’ identity.
{"title":"Civilization and its nerds: Anti-intellectualism inThe Big Bang Theory","authors":"Janelle Pötzsch","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00022_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00022_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses whether and to what extent the popular TV showThe Big Bang Theoryconveys anti-intellectual ideas. The starting point of my enquiry is the verbal behaviour of the ‘main nerd’ of this series, Sheldon Cooper, who is noteworthy for his lack of empathy and propriety. I aim to shed light on the kind of inappropriate verbal behaviour Sheldon displays by analysing a speech pattern this character is particularly bad at ‐ ‘white lies’, that is lies made out of consideration for other people’s feelings. By drawing on Immanuel Kant’s thoughts on civility in hisAnthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View(1798), I will detail the social implications of white lies and how Sheldon fails in employing them. Doing so will be helpful in establishing why Sheldon’s comments and behaviour appear as outlandish as they do. This in turn provides important insights into the way the televisual text ofThe Big Bang Theoryrelates with its audience and the social implications of this connection. I will conclude with the observation that the portrayal of Sheldon Cooper relies heavily on two kinds of stereotypes: anti-intellectual ones and those associated with the ‘nerd’ identity.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47413553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: The Digital Banal: New Media and American Literature and Culture, Zara Dinnen (2018)New York: Columbia University Press, 223 pp.,ISBN 023-1-18428-X, h/bk, £50.00
{"title":"The Digital Banal: New Media and American Literature and Culture, Zara Dinnen (2018)","authors":"Monika Loewy","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00026_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00026_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: The Digital Banal: New Media and American Literature and Culture, Zara Dinnen (2018)New York: Columbia University Press, 223 pp.,ISBN 023-1-18428-X, h/bk, £50.00","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"223-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46054244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the last decade, neo-liberalism has increasingly been the subject of academic inquiries, probed for its infiltrating influences in media and cultural products. Approaching the animation industry, this article takes a critical take at Inside Out (2015), a feature Disney‐Pixar production, to reveal the way it is embedded in the discursive network of neo-liberalism, exhibiting neo-liberal niceties and legitimating its notional structures. Inside Out renders a subjectivity of self-responsibility and self-enterprise when surveyed vis-à-vis its hypothetical grounds in positive psychology and neuroscience. The result is a subject who has to be happy but her happiness is ontologized as a matter of emotional dynamics inside her mind. It is concluded that, through its representation of mind that comes at the cost of reason and free will, Inside Out marks the neo-liberal, affective turn in the conglomerate.
{"title":"‘Riley needs to be happy’: Inside Out and the dystopian aesthetics of neo-liberal governmentality","authors":"Kamaluddin Duaei","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00023_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00023_1","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the last decade, neo-liberalism has increasingly been the subject of academic inquiries, probed for its infiltrating influences in media and cultural products. Approaching the animation industry, this article takes a critical take at Inside Out (2015), a feature Disney‐Pixar\u0000 production, to reveal the way it is embedded in the discursive network of neo-liberalism, exhibiting neo-liberal niceties and legitimating its notional structures. Inside Out renders a subjectivity of self-responsibility and self-enterprise when surveyed vis-à-vis its hypothetical\u0000 grounds in positive psychology and neuroscience. The result is a subject who has to be happy but her happiness is ontologized as a matter of emotional dynamics inside her mind. It is concluded that, through its representation of mind that comes at the cost of reason and free will, Inside\u0000 Out marks the neo-liberal, affective turn in the conglomerate.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46357983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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