Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190068r3vu2021l2ao
Maíria de Sousa Lopes, Daguinete Maria Chaves Brito
Abstract The expansion of the Brazilian electricity sector is based on the construction of new dams. However, dams generate impacts, especially on riverine communities. Thus, this paper examined the local communities perceptions about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the Santo Antônio do Jari Dam, in Amapá. Data were obtained through surveys using the snowball sampling method. To analyze the perception data the Bardin’s analysis of content was used. The research showed that, before the construction of the dam, there was a very intimate bond between the communities, the environment and the nature, which influenced the communities perceptions mainly regarding environmental impacts, relocation, changes in livelihood and access to natural resources.
摘要巴西电力部门的扩张是以建造新水坝为基础的。然而，大坝会产生影响，尤其是对河流社区。因此，本文研究了当地社区对阿马帕圣Antônio do Jari大坝的社会经济和环境影响的看法。数据是通过使用滚雪球抽样方法进行调查获得的。为了分析感知数据，使用了Bardin对内容的分析。研究表明，在大坝建设之前，社区、环境和自然之间存在着非常紧密的联系，这影响了社区对环境影响、搬迁、生计变化和获得自然资源的看法。
{"title":"Socioenvironmental impacts of dam in the Jari Valley, Amapa, Brazil: community perceptions","authors":"Maíria de Sousa Lopes, Daguinete Maria Chaves Brito","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190068r3vu2021l2ao","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190068r3vu2021l2ao","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The expansion of the Brazilian electricity sector is based on the construction of new dams. However, dams generate impacts, especially on riverine communities. Thus, this paper examined the local communities perceptions about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the Santo Antônio do Jari Dam, in Amapá. Data were obtained through surveys using the snowball sampling method. To analyze the perception data the Bardin’s analysis of content was used. The research showed that, before the construction of the dam, there was a very intimate bond between the communities, the environment and the nature, which influenced the communities perceptions mainly regarding environmental impacts, relocation, changes in livelihood and access to natural resources.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47601272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200129r1vu2021l2ao
Carlos Potiara Castro
Abstract This article aims to reflect on the strategic importance of hydroelectric energy generated in the Amazon region for the interconnected Brazilian system. Its quantification shows a regional potential for higher energy generation compared to the current production of pre-salt oil. We consider this issue from the perspective of the geopolitics of renewable energy that brings new and relevant elements. In this article, the analytical framework focuses on path-dependence, smart-grids and energy-intensive societies and their energy security policies. As a result, we observe that in the current configuration, the advent of renewable energies can be an additional element of a long-term economic specialization of the Amazon, with worrying consequences from a socio-environmental perspective.
{"title":"Hydropower and the geopolitics of renewable energies in the Amazon Basin","authors":"Carlos Potiara Castro","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200129r1vu2021l2ao","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200129r1vu2021l2ao","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to reflect on the strategic importance of hydroelectric energy generated in the Amazon region for the interconnected Brazilian system. Its quantification shows a regional potential for higher energy generation compared to the current production of pre-salt oil. We consider this issue from the perspective of the geopolitics of renewable energy that brings new and relevant elements. In this article, the analytical framework focuses on path-dependence, smart-grids and energy-intensive societies and their energy security policies. As a result, we observe that in the current configuration, the advent of renewable energies can be an additional element of a long-term economic specialization of the Amazon, with worrying consequences from a socio-environmental perspective.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20190153R2VU2021L1AO
M. Lopes, P. Marques, P. Estevão
Abstract The aim of the current study is to address the right of Traditional Peoples and Communities (TPC) to participate in the environmental protection of their traditional territories in Extractive Reserves (RESEX), based on the analysis of the concrete Community Environmental Monitoring (CEM) case in Cassurubá RESEX. The conceptual framework of the topic was based on studies and theories focused on approaching the management commons. Next, the legal, positive and conceptual aspects of the national and international legal order, which outlines the scope of social participation in environment-related matters, were analyzed. Finally, the history, main features and institutional context CEM is inserted in were also analyzed. Action-research, participant observation and conversation meetings were the methodological instruments adopted in the current study. Indeed, CEM is a good instrument for the management of commons, mainly because it guarantees the rights of TPCs.
{"title":"Community Environmental Monitoring: the management of commons in Cassurubá Extractive Reserve","authors":"M. Lopes, P. Marques, P. Estevão","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20190153R2VU2021L1AO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20190153R2VU2021L1AO","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the current study is to address the right of Traditional Peoples and Communities (TPC) to participate in the environmental protection of their traditional territories in Extractive Reserves (RESEX), based on the analysis of the concrete Community Environmental Monitoring (CEM) case in Cassurubá RESEX. The conceptual framework of the topic was based on studies and theories focused on approaching the management commons. Next, the legal, positive and conceptual aspects of the national and international legal order, which outlines the scope of social participation in environment-related matters, were analyzed. Finally, the history, main features and institutional context CEM is inserted in were also analyzed. Action-research, participant observation and conversation meetings were the methodological instruments adopted in the current study. Indeed, CEM is a good instrument for the management of commons, mainly because it guarantees the rights of TPCs.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20200030R2VU2021L1AO
H. Alves
Abstract In this article, the concept of socio-environmental vulnerability is empirically operationalized, with the objective of analyzing situations of socio-environmental vulnerability on intra-urban scale, in a group of 62 municipalities in the three main metropolitan regions of the Macro-metropolis of São Paulo State. The methodology associates two concepts from the recent literature on vulnerability - one social and the other physical-environmental - through an index that integrates socio-demographic indicators from the 2010 Demographic Census with cartographies of areas susceptible to floods and landslides. The results show that 1.8 million people live in areas with high socio-environmental vulnerability that have significantly worse socioeconomic conditions than areas with low and moderate vulnerability, especially regarding the differences in sewage coverage, in the surroundings of households and in the population living in substandard settlements (slums).
{"title":"Socio-environmental vulnerability in the São Paulo Macro-metropolis’ three main metropolitan regions: a socio-environmental indicators analysis indicators analysis","authors":"H. Alves","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20200030R2VU2021L1AO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20200030R2VU2021L1AO","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the concept of socio-environmental vulnerability is empirically operationalized, with the objective of analyzing situations of socio-environmental vulnerability on intra-urban scale, in a group of 62 municipalities in the three main metropolitan regions of the Macro-metropolis of São Paulo State. The methodology associates two concepts from the recent literature on vulnerability - one social and the other physical-environmental - through an index that integrates socio-demographic indicators from the 2010 Demographic Census with cartographies of areas susceptible to floods and landslides. The results show that 1.8 million people live in areas with high socio-environmental vulnerability that have significantly worse socioeconomic conditions than areas with low and moderate vulnerability, especially regarding the differences in sewage coverage, in the surroundings of households and in the population living in substandard settlements (slums).","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67252535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210160vu2021l5id
V. Empinotti, Sue A. S. Iamamoto, Isabella Lamas, F. Milanez
Abstract This article offers a review of the recent trajectories of political ecologies as communities of practice and movements for environmental justice, as well as a paradigm of scientific analysis. In this introduction to the 2021 special issue “Decolonial Insurgencies and Emancipatory Horizons: contributions from Political Ecology” of the Ambiente & Sociedade journal, we present a reflection on the contemporary socio-environmental reality, characterized by crises, environmental destruction, and climate emergency, focusing on the role of political ecology as a privileged space to critically discuss the socio-environmental relations that constitute new forms of violent appropriation of nature. Facing the tension of the current context marked by the rise of phenomena such as authoritarianism, climate change denial, and inequality, we highlight the construction of counter-narratives and alternatives that mobilize other horizons of emancipation and living projects through insurgencies and movements that emerge from the protagonism of marginalized populations and struggles for environmental justice.
{"title":"Between crises and insurgencies: the political ecology in defense of shared living","authors":"V. Empinotti, Sue A. S. Iamamoto, Isabella Lamas, F. Milanez","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210160vu2021l5id","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210160vu2021l5id","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article offers a review of the recent trajectories of political ecologies as communities of practice and movements for environmental justice, as well as a paradigm of scientific analysis. In this introduction to the 2021 special issue “Decolonial Insurgencies and Emancipatory Horizons: contributions from Political Ecology” of the Ambiente & Sociedade journal, we present a reflection on the contemporary socio-environmental reality, characterized by crises, environmental destruction, and climate emergency, focusing on the role of political ecology as a privileged space to critically discuss the socio-environmental relations that constitute new forms of violent appropriation of nature. Facing the tension of the current context marked by the rise of phenomena such as authoritarianism, climate change denial, and inequality, we highlight the construction of counter-narratives and alternatives that mobilize other horizons of emancipation and living projects through insurgencies and movements that emerge from the protagonism of marginalized populations and struggles for environmental justice.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67253135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190246r2vu2021l4td
Roberto Sciarelli
Abstract Italy is a country marked by serious inequalities between its northern and southern regions in terms of welfare, economic production and level of public services. Southern Italy has also suffered serious cases of environmental devastation. A body of literature with a postcolonial approach interprets these inequalities as the outcome of colonial relations of power that have made the south a historic victim of racist representations and authoritarian means of government. Another line of investigation is dedicated to the study of the socio-environmental conflicts which emerged in southern Italy in situations of environmental degradation. The objective of this article is to contribute to build bridges between these two lines of research, identifying the most relevant points of connection and divergence, with the purpose of showing possible paths of common research for a postcolonial political ecology of Southern Italy.
{"title":"Subaltern ecologies in southern Italy","authors":"Roberto Sciarelli","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190246r2vu2021l4td","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190246r2vu2021l4td","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Italy is a country marked by serious inequalities between its northern and southern regions in terms of welfare, economic production and level of public services. Southern Italy has also suffered serious cases of environmental devastation. A body of literature with a postcolonial approach interprets these inequalities as the outcome of colonial relations of power that have made the south a historic victim of racist representations and authoritarian means of government. Another line of investigation is dedicated to the study of the socio-environmental conflicts which emerged in southern Italy in situations of environmental degradation. The objective of this article is to contribute to build bridges between these two lines of research, identifying the most relevant points of connection and divergence, with the purpose of showing possible paths of common research for a postcolonial political ecology of Southern Italy.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67252728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20200109VU2021L1DE
S. Abram
Abstract This paper introduces key current themes in social sciences of energy that look beyond conventional concerns with energy consumers. Close, detailed studies of energy practices at all levels can offer insights into the ways that energy systems are enmeshed in social, legal, cultural, economic and political frameworks that pre-empt expectations about energy production, distribution and consumption. By bringing a sociological and anthropological focus onto the energy industries themselves, social sciences can offer new theoretical perspectives, reveal the political relations that accompany energy flows, and offer new ways to think about the potentials for current and future energy systems.
{"title":"Science, Technology and Society: integrating social-science in the energy debate","authors":"S. Abram","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20200109VU2021L1DE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20200109VU2021L1DE","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper introduces key current themes in social sciences of energy that look beyond conventional concerns with energy consumers. Close, detailed studies of energy practices at all levels can offer insights into the ways that energy systems are enmeshed in social, legal, cultural, economic and political frameworks that pre-empt expectations about energy production, distribution and consumption. By bringing a sociological and anthropological focus onto the energy industries themselves, social sciences can offer new theoretical perspectives, reveal the political relations that accompany energy flows, and offer new ways to think about the potentials for current and future energy systems.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67253154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20190189R2VU2021L1AO
Ana Gabriela Godinho Lima, Rodrigo Mindlin Loeb
Abstract This article discusses the results of a study completed in zones with social and territorial vulnerability in Parelheiros, south region of the city of São Paulo SP, through the partnership between existing communities of the area and two civil society organizations: CPCD - Popular Center of Culture and Development and Ibeac - Brazilian Institute of Studies and Community Support. The context for the analysis was to recognize that populations settled in situations of incomplete urbanization are more exposed to risks arising from the effects of climate change and, for this reason, should receive attention from initiatives capable of strengthening them socially and economically to face these risks. In this scenario, women and children are identified as the most vulnerable groups among the vulnerable. By paying attention to their specific conditions, important demands from the entire community are also addressed.
{"title":"City, Gender and Climate Changes: Parelheiros as a case study in the capital of São Paulo","authors":"Ana Gabriela Godinho Lima, Rodrigo Mindlin Loeb","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20190189R2VU2021L1AO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20190189R2VU2021L1AO","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses the results of a study completed in zones with social and territorial vulnerability in Parelheiros, south region of the city of São Paulo SP, through the partnership between existing communities of the area and two civil society organizations: CPCD - Popular Center of Culture and Development and Ibeac - Brazilian Institute of Studies and Community Support. The context for the analysis was to recognize that populations settled in situations of incomplete urbanization are more exposed to risks arising from the effects of climate change and, for this reason, should receive attention from initiatives capable of strengthening them socially and economically to face these risks. In this scenario, women and children are identified as the most vulnerable groups among the vulnerable. By paying attention to their specific conditions, important demands from the entire community are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67252091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200052r2vu2021l4td
M. Traldi
Abstract Wind power presents itself as an alternative to fossil fuels, playing an important role in fighting climate change. In that context, the Brazilian semiarid inland emerges as a new frontier for the wind industry given its high potential. Since being the landowner also means being the wind owner, we sought to understand how the processes of wind and land appropriation to produce wind power occur in the light of two concepts, ‘accumulation by dispossession’ and ‘green grabbing’. To that end, fourteen wind lease agreements were analyzed. It was concluded that: the wind lease contracts are the legal instrument that enables the appropriation of wind and land; that the appropriation of the wind is a process of ‘accumulation by dispossession, in which there is the privatization of a common good; and that this process only happens because of the land appropriation, understood as being a green grabbing process.
{"title":"Accumulation by dispossession and green grabbing: wind farms, lease agreements, land appropriation in the Brazilian semiarid","authors":"M. Traldi","doi":"10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200052r2vu2021l4td","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200052r2vu2021l4td","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wind power presents itself as an alternative to fossil fuels, playing an important role in fighting climate change. In that context, the Brazilian semiarid inland emerges as a new frontier for the wind industry given its high potential. Since being the landowner also means being the wind owner, we sought to understand how the processes of wind and land appropriation to produce wind power occur in the light of two concepts, ‘accumulation by dispossession’ and ‘green grabbing’. To that end, fourteen wind lease agreements were analyzed. It was concluded that: the wind lease contracts are the legal instrument that enables the appropriation of wind and land; that the appropriation of the wind is a process of ‘accumulation by dispossession, in which there is the privatization of a common good; and that this process only happens because of the land appropriation, understood as being a green grabbing process.","PeriodicalId":35241,"journal":{"name":"Ambiente e Sociedade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67252608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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