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Challenges and struggles in recovering Brazil’s socio-environmental agenda 恢复巴西社会环境议程的挑战和斗争
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoceditorialeng2023l3ed
Irivaldo Alves da Silva, Pedro Roberto Jacobi, Lira Luz Benites Lazaro, Zenaida Luisa Lauda-Rodriguez
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引用次数: 0
What Makes Risk Communication Efficient? The Stakeholder View 是什么让风险沟通变得有效?利益相关者的观点
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0061r1vu2023l3oa
Uilians Vieira de Oliveira, Rosangela Calado da Costa, Juliana Gardenalli de Freitas
Abstract Environmental risk communication comprises an essential step in contaminated sites management, being one of its basic principles. However, there are few studies and technical guidelines on how to perform risk communication. This research aimed to identify the main factors that can contribute to efficient risk communication from the stakeholders’ perspective: those affected or potentially affected by the risks, representatives of institutions responsible for risk communication, environmental agencies, and consultants. To achieve that, the Q technique, a methodology specialized in the study of people and their subjectivities, was applied to 24 individuals. Five factors representing the stakeholders’ perspectives were identified: 1 - Trust; 2 - Secure communication; 3 - Dialogue; 4 - Partnership; and 5 - Health, in addition to a set of consensual information between all groups. Concern for the health of those involved was the most important point of view for most participants.
环境风险沟通是污染场地管理的重要环节,是污染场地管理的基本原则之一。然而,关于如何进行风险沟通的研究和技术指南很少。本研究旨在从利益相关者的角度,找出能够促进有效风险沟通的主要因素:受风险影响或潜在受风险影响的人、负责风险沟通的机构代表、环境机构和顾问。为了实现这一目标,Q技术——一种专门研究人类及其主体性的方法——被应用于24个人。确定了代表利益相关者观点的五个因素:1 -信任;2 -通信安全;3 -对话;4 -合伙企业;5 .健康,以及所有群体之间的一套协商一致的信息。对大多数与会者来说,关心有关人员的健康是最重要的观点。
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引用次数: 0
At the limits of sustainability: Exploring extended producer responsibility in the management of agrochemical packaging 在可持续性的极限:探索扩大生产者责任在农化包装管理
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0076r1vu2023l3oa
Thiago José Arruda de Oliveira, Letícia Antunes Nogueira, Waldecy Rodrigues
Abstract The study discusses the limitations of take-back schemes for agrochemical packaging in promoting sustainability. Through the case of inPEV and the Campo Limpo System, the analysis focused on data from IBGE, IBAMA, and secondary sources. Results show that the system’s organization favors large agricultural producers, particularly in the soybean chain, while small producers are marginalized. Although this strategy allows for high rates of collection, a crucial shortcoming refers to environment and health related effects on family farms. This is embodied in the dilemma that take-back schemes for agrochemical packaging are necessary in terms of adequate waste management, but can create conditions that institutionalize the use of agrochemicals and legitimize their increasing application. Consequently, sustainability in food production systems is a complex and multidimensional affair, which require coordinated effort of civil society, public authorities, and producers.
摘要:本研究讨论了农化包装回收方案在促进可持续性方面的局限性。通过inPEV和Campo Limpo系统的案例,分析的重点是来自IBGE、IBAMA和二手来源的数据。结果表明,该系统的组织有利于大型农业生产者,特别是在大豆链中,而小生产者被边缘化。虽然这一战略允许高收集率,但一个关键缺点是对家庭农场的环境和健康影响。这体现在农用化学品包装的回收计划在适当的废物管理方面是必要的,但可以创造条件使农用化学品的使用制度化并使其日益增加的应用合法化。因此,粮食生产系统的可持续性是一个复杂和多方面的问题,需要民间社会、公共当局和生产者的协调努力。
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引用次数: 0
ISO 37120 sustainable development indicators: Rio de Janeiro and the Latin American scenario ISO 37120可持续发展指标:里约热内卢和拉丁美洲情景
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0132r2vu2023l3oa
Elisa de Almeida Couto, Leandro Torres Di Gregorio, Glauco Valle, Assed Naked Haddad, Carlos Alberto Pereira Soares
Abstract The socio-economic-environmental performance indicators have proved to be an important tool for monitoring and deciding in the management of cities, aiming at a more sustainable urban development. ISO 37120 represents a milestone in the standardization of sustainability indicators, enabling the comparison between different locations. The purpose of this study is to apply ISO 37120 to Rio de Janeiro and to analize both this process and the city’s performance in the Latin American scenario. There was an extensive documentary research to calculate the indicators of Rio de Janeiro. The comparison was made among Latin American cities that already had applied the standard and was based on standardized core indicators grouped according to sustainability axes. The application of the standard revealed weaknesses in obtaining data for Rio de Janeiro and managed to identify the city’s strengths and weaknesses in comparison with the others.
社会经济环境绩效指标已被证明是城市管理中监测和决策的重要工具,旨在实现更可持续的城市发展。ISO 37120代表了可持续性指标标准化的一个里程碑,使不同地区之间的比较成为可能。本研究的目的是将ISO 37120应用于里约热内卢,并分析这一过程和该城市在拉丁美洲情景中的表现。有一个广泛的文献研究,以计算里约热内卢的指标。该比较是在已经采用该标准的拉丁美洲城市之间进行的,并以按可持续性轴分组的标准化核心指标为基础。该标准的应用揭示了里约热内卢在获取数据方面的弱点,并设法确定了该城市与其他城市相比的长处和短处。
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引用次数: 0
Reforming environmental licensing in Brazil: Discourses analysis in the National Environment Council 巴西环境许可制度改革:国家环境委员会的话语分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0077r4vu2023l3oa
Rossana Borioni, Luis Enrique Sánchez
Abstract Controversies about Environmental Licensing have been featured in the public agenda as the National Congress advances a policy reform being debated since 2004. In the National Council for the Environment, given its legal attributions, the Environmental Licensing rules and possible changes have been discussed since the first meetings. Through the analysis of Council meeting documents, the objective was to highlight such speeches and the players who pronounced them. For this purpose, memoirs and minutes of meetings of instances of the Council in the period 1984-2021 were examined. Essentially, discourses were found about the screening stage and environmental impact studies, with the absence of criticisms and proposals regarding the definition of the scope of the studies and the follow-up stage. There was a prevalence of discourses centered on administrative efficiency, without acknowledging the objectives of this environmental policy instrument, or challenges to increase its effectiveness.
自2004年以来,随着全国人大推进一项政策改革,有关环境许可的争议已成为公共议程的重要内容。在国家环境委员会,鉴于其法律属性,自第一次会议以来一直在讨论环境许可规则和可能的变化。通过对安理会会议文件的分析,目的是突出这些发言和发表这些发言的人。为此目的,审查了1984-2021年期间安理会各次会议的回忆录和会议记录。基本上,只发现了关于筛选阶段和环境影响研究的论述,而没有对研究范围的定义和后续阶段提出批评和建议。普遍存在以行政效率为中心的论述,而没有认识到这一环境政策工具的目标,也没有认识到提高其效力的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Reforma do licenciamento ambiental no Brasil: análise dos discursos no Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente 巴西环境许可改革:国家环境委员会演讲分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0077r4vu2023l3ao
Rossana Borioni, Luis Enrique Sánchez
Resumo O Licenciamento Ambiental tem ocupado a agenda pública com debates acerca de uma ambicionada reforma legal que tramita no Congresso Nacional desde 2004. No Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, dadas suas atribuições legais, discutem-se o regramento do Licenciamento Ambiental e possíveis alterações desde as primeiras reuniões. Por meio da análise de conteúdo de documentos de reuniões do Conselho, objetivou-se evidenciar tais discursos e os atores que os pronunciaram. Foram examinadas memórias e atas de reuniões de instâncias do Conselho no período 1984-2021. Encontraram-se, essencialmente, discursos acerca da etapa de triagem e sobre os estudos de impacto ambiental, estando ausentes críticas e propostas referentes à definição do escopo dos estudos e à fase de acompanhamento. Houve prevalência de discursos centrados na eficiência administrativa, sem reconhecimento dos objetivos desse instrumento da política ambiental nem dos desafios para lhe aumentar a efetividade.
自2004年以来,环境许可一直占据着公众的议程,关于一项雄心勃勃的法律改革的辩论一直在国会进行。在国家环境理事会,考虑到其法律责任,讨论了环境许可条例和自第一次会议以来可能发生的变化。通过对理事会会议文件的内容分析,目的是突出这些讲话和发表这些讲话的行动者。审查了1984-2021年期间理事会各机构会议的记忆和记录。主要是关于筛选阶段和环境影响研究的论述,没有对研究范围和后续阶段的定义提出批评和建议。人们普遍谈论行政效率,但没有认识到这一环境政策工具的目标或提高其效力的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Are forest transitions associated with the international trade of agricultural commodities? 森林转型是否与国际农产品贸易有关?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0094r1vu2023l3oa
Camila Espezio de Oliveira, Leandro Reverberi Tambosi, Adriane Calaboni, Paulo Antônio de Almeida Sinisgalli, Helene Mariko Ueno, Alexandre Toshiro Igari
Abstract Critics of the forest transition theory suggest that it occurs through the displacement of agricultural production abroad while exporting countries suffer agricultural expansion and deforestation. Other studies refute the idea of international trade as the main connection between the occurrence of the forest transition in importing countries and the advance of agricultural frontiers and deforestation in producing countries. Considering this divergence, we assessed whether international trade in agricultural commodities is associated with forest growth in importing countries and deforestation in exporting countries. Data on exports and imports of soy and palm oil among the leading countries in this market were confronted with their historical variation of forest cover between 1990 and 2020. The results suggest that global soy and palm oil markets significantly connect the exporting regions to importing countries that undergo forest transition.
森林转型理论的批评者认为,它是通过农业生产转移到国外而出口国遭受农业扩张和森林砍伐而发生的。其他研究驳斥了国际贸易是进口国发生森林转型与生产国农业前沿的发展和森林砍伐之间的主要联系的观点。考虑到这种差异,我们评估了农产品的国际贸易是否与进口国的森林增长和出口国的森林砍伐有关。该市场主要国家的大豆和棕榈油进出口数据面临着1990年至2020年森林覆盖的历史变化。结果表明,全球大豆油和棕榈油市场显著地将出口地区与经历森林转型的进口国联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Percepção sobre a floresta urbana e sua influência para o bem-estar no ambiente de trabalho 对城市森林及其对工作场所福祉的影响的看法
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0220r1vu2023l3ao
Barbie Vieira Lima, Raquel Dias de Aguiar Moraes Amaral, Caroline Almeida Souza, Mariana Hortelani Carneseca Longo
Resumo A floresta urbana é considerada de importante relevância tendo em vista seu papel na redução dos efeitos climáticos e na diminuição das ações negativas do homem sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas. As árvores proporcionam bem-estar às pessoas, estando estas relacionadas à prestação de serviços ambientais. A percepção humana sobre a natureza é essencial para manter o equilíbrio no desenvolvimento das cidades considerando o ambiente natural como parte delas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção dos trabalhadores do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas sobre sua floresta urbana para subsidiar o seu manejo. Os resultados, com base na aplicação de um questionário on-line, demonstraram uma influência positiva e negativa relacionada à floresta urbana no cotidiano da comunidade em seu ambiente de trabalho. Os trabalhadores têm contribuído com propostas de ações que podem apoiar a melhoria da gestão ambiental no Campus do Instituto
城市森林被认为是重要的,因为它在减少气候影响和减少人类对人们生活质量的负面影响方面发挥着重要作用。树木为人们提供福利,这与提供环境服务有关。人类对自然的感知对于维持城市发展的平衡至关重要,将自然环境作为城市发展的一部分。在此背景下,本研究的目的是分析技术研究所工作人员对其城市森林的看法,以支持其管理。基于在线问卷调查的结果显示,城市森林对社区日常工作环境有积极和消极的影响。工人们提出了行动建议,以支持改善校园环境管理
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引用次数: 0
Estão as transições florestais associadas ao comércio internacional de commodities agrícolas? 森林转型是否与国际农产品贸易有关?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc0094r1vu2023l3ao
Camila Espezio de Oliveira, Leandro Reverberi Tambosi, Adriane Calaboni, Paulo Antônio de Almeida Sinisgalli, Helene Mariko Ueno, Alexandre Toshiro Igari
Resumo Críticos da teoria de transição florestal sugerem que ela ocorre através do deslocamento da produção agrícola para o exterior, enquanto países exportadores sofrem expansão da agricultura e desmatamento. Outros estudos refutam a ideia do comércio internacional como principal elo entre a ocorrência da transição florestal nos países importadores e o avanço das fronteiras agrícolas e desmatamento nos países produtores. Considerando tal divergência, buscou-se avaliar se o comércio internacional de commodities agrícolas está associado ao crescimento florestal em países importadores e ao desmatamento em países exportadores. Dados das exportações e importações de soja e óleo de palma entre os principais países envolvidos nesse mercado foram confrontados com sua variação histórica da cobertura florestal entre 1990 e 2020. Os resultados sugerem que os mercados globais de soja e óleo de palma associam significativamente as regiões exportadoras aos países importadores que passam pela transição florestal.
森林转型理论的批评者认为,它是通过农业生产向国外转移而发生的,而出口国则遭受农业扩张和森林砍伐。其他研究驳斥了国际贸易是进口国森林过渡发生与生产国农业边界和森林砍伐进展之间的主要联系的观点。考虑到这种差异,我们试图评估国际农产品贸易是否与进口国的森林增长和出口国的森林砍伐有关。参与该市场的主要国家之间的大豆和棕榈油进出口数据面临着1990年至2020年森林覆盖的历史变化。结果表明,全球大豆和棕榈油市场显著地将出口地区与经历森林转型的进口国联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
Desafíos y luchas en la recuperación de la agenda socioambiental de Brasil 恢复巴西社会环境议程的挑战和斗争
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoceditorialesp2023l3ed
Irivaldo Alves da Silva, Pedro Roberto Jacobi, Lira Luz Benites Lazaro, Zenaida Luisa Lauda-Rodriguez
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引用次数: 0
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Ambiente e Sociedade
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